Asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-carneic acid A and structure revision of its natural form

This Letter describes the asymmetric total synthesis of (+)-carneic acid A via the stereoselective IMDA reaction of (E,E,E)-triene, which was prepared from the commercially available methyl (S)-3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionate. By this asymmetric total synthesis, we verified that the reported absolute structure of naturally occurring carneic acid A must be revised.     

Highly efficient lipase-catalyzed asymmetric synthesis of chiral glycerol derivatives leading to practical synthesis of s-propranolol

Efficient asymmetric synthesis of chiral glycerol derivatives was realized by lipase-catalyzed reaction in organic medium and its application for synthesis of (S)-propranolol was demonstrated.     

A concise diastereoselective approach to (+)-dexoxadrol, (−)-epi-dexoxadrol, (−)-conhydrine and (+)-lentiginosine from (−)-pipecolinic acid

A new diastereoselective pathway for the total synthesis of (+)-dexoxadrol, first asymmetric synthesis of (−)-epi-dexoxadrol and formal synthesis of conhydrine and (+)-lentiginosine is presented using commercially available (−)-pipecolinic acid. The key reactions utilized are Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation and Wittig reaction. The paper further describes the study of effect of protecting groups on dihydroxylation of a terminal olefin in piperidine ring system.     

Toward the synthesis of tetrodecamycin: asymmetric synthesis of a direct precursor of the C6C18 trans-decalin portion

We report the asymmetric synthesis of a direct precursor of the C6C18 trans-decalin portion of tetrodecamycin utilising an asymmetric intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) reaction as the key step.     

Asymmetric total synthesis of 5′-epi-paecilomycin-F

The asymmetric total synthesis of one of the stereoisomers of the naturally occurring 14-membered ring macrolide paecilomycin-F (5′-epi) has been reported in this article. The main highlight of the synthetic strategy involves the successful application of a ring closing metathesis (RCM) reaction at a late stage. Asymmetric Keck allylation, Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, and Mitsunobu esterification have also been used successfully for the total synthesis of 5′-epi-paecilomycin-F.     

Synthesis of a selective estrogen receptor β-modulator via asymmetric phase-transfer catalysis

An efficient asymmetric synthesis of selective estrogen receptor β-modulator (S)-4-bromo-9a-butyl-8-chloro-6-fluoro-7-hydroxy-1,2,9,9a-tetrahydro-fluoren-3-one was developed. The route features a chemoselective aromatic chlorination reaction, an asymmetric phase-transfer-catalyzed alkylation of an indanone with efficient ee upgrade by racemate crystallization, and a robust bromination reaction using imidazole as an in situ bromine trap to avoid overreaction. The synthesis proceeds in 34% yield over 8 steps from 2-fluoroanisole, and provides material with >99.5% ee.     

The stereoselective synthesis of α-substituted β-amino secondary alcohols based on the proline-mediated, asymmetric, three-component Mannich reaction and its application to the formal total synthesis of nikkomycins B and Bx

A general method for the asymmetric synthesis of α-substituted β-amino secondary alcohols is described, which comprises the four-reaction sequence (1) the proline-mediated, asymmetric, three-component Mannich reaction of two different aldehydes, (2) nucleophilic carbon addition to aldehyde, (3) oxidation of the resulting alcohol to the corresponding ketone, and (4) diastereoselective reduction with LiAlH(O-t-Bu)₃ or catecholborane. The former reductant afforded the 1,2-syn isomer, while the latter gave the 1,2-anti isomer stereoselectively. The present method was successfully applied to the efficient asymmetric synthesis of the N-terminal amino acid moiety of nikkomycin B and B_X.     

Stereoselective total synthesis of (+)-(6R,2′S)-cryptocaryalactone and (−)-(6S,2′S)-epi cryptocaryalactone via asymmetric acetate aldol reaction

The total synthesis of (+)-(6R,2′S)-cryptocaryalactone and (?)-(6S,2′S)-epi cryptocaryalactone is reported based on asymmetric acetate aldol reaction. Still–Gennari reaction, Evans acetal intramolecular oxa-Michael reaction and lactonisation are the key steps in the target synthesis.     

An enantioselective approach to 3-substituted pyrrolidines: Asymmetric synthesis for pyrrolidine core of serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)

A novel and efficient synthetic approach to enantiopure 3-substituted pyrrolidine skeleton from readily available (S)-PMB glycidyl ether as a starting material and its application to the asymmetric synthesis of pyrrolidine core 1 of serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) 2 and 3 are described. The synthesis utilizes the organocatalyzed asymmetric Michael addition reaction as key step.     

Asymmetric total synthesis of MK8383: the iron-mediated coupling reaction is the only effective method for the construction of the (Z)-trisubstituted side-chain alkene

The first asymmetric total synthesis of MK8383 through the iron-mediated coupling reaction is described. In this total synthesis, the key step was clearly the stereoselective construction of the (Z)-trisubstituted side-chain alkene. Although this problem was seemingly easy to resolve, in fact it presented us an opportunity to evaluate the coupling reactions reported to date, and the iron-mediated coupling reaction was found to be the only effective method for the stereoselective construction of the (Z)-trisubstituted side-chain alkene.     

Enantioselective synthesis of a key intermediate aldehyde toward the polyene macrolide filipin III,based on a chiral oxazaborolidinone-promoted asymmetric aldol reaction

A versatile preparation of an enantiopure aldehyde useful for the asymmetric total synthesis of filipin III was developed using a chiral oxazaborolidinone-promoted asymmetric aldol reaction with a dithiolane silyl nucleophile. The sign and magnitude of the specific rotation of the aldehyde, (4R,5R)-2,2-dimethyl-5-formyl-4-pentyl-1,3-dioxane, were reconfirmed.     

An asymmetric synthesis of 7-hydroxy-9-propylnonenolide (herbarumin III)

An asymmetric synthesis of herbarumin III has been developed using (R)-cyclohexylidene glyceraldehyde 1 as the chiral template. The key steps of the synthesis were the enantioselective preparation of the required homoallylic alcohol from 1, an asymmetric dihydroxylation, and a ring-closing metathesis reaction for the macrolactonization.     

A highly efficient synthesis of the C-13 side-chain of taxol using Shibasaki's asymmetric Henry reaction

The synthesis of the C-13 side-chain of taxol has been achieved using Shibasaki's asymmetric Henry reaction catalyzed by an optically active rare earth lanthanum-(R)-binaphthol complex.     

MM3 force field prediction of the enantioselective preference in the asymmetric synthesis of a chiral 2-cyclohexen-1-ol using a chiral lithium amide reagent

Enantioselective preference in the asymmetric synthesis where cyclohexene oxide is transformed enantioselectively to chiral (S)- or (R)-2-cyclohexen-1-ol by the reaction with the appropriate chiral lithium amide reagent has been evaluated theoretically using the MM3 force field. The plausible possible structures for each precursor (reaction intermediate complex) leading to a (S)- or (R)-2-cyclohexen-1-ol have been optimized with the extended MM3 force field applicable to the lithium amide functional group, and the populations of their (S)- or (R)-reaction intermediate complexes at an ambient temperature (298 K) were calculated. The initial structure for evaluating the reaction intermediates of this asymmetric synthesis was constructed on the basis of the optimized ab initio transition state structure (MP2/6-31+G^∗) comprising lithium amide LiNH₂ and propene oxide. To the thus obtained transition state structure composed of LiNH₂ and propene oxide, the other remaining Cartesian coordinates for the actual reaction intermediates composed of the chiral lithium amides and cyclohexene oxide were added to make the reaction intermediate structure. The conformational search for the reaction intermediate has been carried out by using the Stochastic search Algorithm, and the optimized geometries and their conformational energies (steric energies) have been calculated by the MM3 force field. The populations calculated from the conformational energies of the reaction intermediate leading to the (S)- or (R)-2-cyclohexen-1-ol were shown to be linearly well correlated with the experimentally reported enantiomer excess (% ee) values. The critical factors to control the enantioselectivity were investigated on the basis of the optimized structures of the reaction intermediate complexes. The MM3 force field approach was shown to be applicable to the theoretical evaluation of the enantioselectivity and be useful for designing a new functional chiral lithium amide reagent for the asymmetric synthesis.     

Operationally convenient asymmetric synthesis of (S)- and (R)-3-amino-4,4,4-trifluorobutanoic acid: Part II. Enantioselective biomimetic transamination of 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-oxo-N-[(R)-1-phenylethyl]butanamide

An asymmetric synthesis of (S)- and (R)-3-amino-4,4,4-trifluorobutanoic acid via DBU-catalyzed asymmetric 1,3-proton shift transfer reaction of (Z)-3-[(R)-1-phenylethylamino]-4,4,4-trifluoro-N-[(R)-1-phenylethyl]but-2-enamide has been developed. The intermediate Schiff base (S,R′)-9 was found to be relatively configurationally stable under the highly basic reaction conditions allowing preparation of the target amino acid in high chemical yield and enantioselectivity. This method was demonstrated to be practical for large (>25 g) scale synthesis of the target β-amino acid.     

Anti-selective direct asymmetric Mannich reaction catalyzed by protease

The anti-selective direct asymmetric Mannich reaction of (hetero) aromatic aldehydes, 4-anisidine and O-protected hydroxyacetones for the synthesis of stereodefined anti-β-amino-α-hydroxycarbonyl compounds was developed. Protease type XIV from Streptomyces griseus (SGP) was used as a biocatalyst in 1,4-dioxane/phosphate buffer under mild reaction conditions. The excellent diastereoselectivities of up to >99:1 (anti/syn) and good enantioselectivities of up to 90% ee were achieved. This method provides a more sustainable complement to chemically catalyzed anti-selective direct asymmetric Mannich reactions.     

Stereoselective total synthesis of (−)-synrotolide diacetate from d-ribose

Stereoselective total synthesis of synrotolide as its diacetate from d-ribose utilizing a diastereoselective Grignard reaction, preferential (Z)-Wittig olefination, asymmetric allylation, and ring closing metathesis as key steps is reported.     

Synthesis of anti-Alzheimer (R)-arundic acid

The asymmetric synthesis of the anti-Alzheimer agent (R)-arundic acid has been performed via a diastereoselective photodeconjugation reaction as the key-step. The synthetic approach involves a readily available chiral auxiliary, diacetone-d-glucose, and allows access to either enantiomer as illustrated by the synthesis of (S)-arundic acid. Both enantiomers were obtained in 88% ee using the same chiral auxiliary.     

A total synthesis of (−)-bestatin using Shibasaki’s asymmetric Henry reaction

A total synthesis of the potent aminopeptidase inhibitor (−)-bestatin has been achieved using Shibasaki’s asymmetric Henry reaction catalyzed by an optically active rare earth lanthanum-(R)-binaphthol complex in 26% overall yield.     

An efficient enantioselective synthesis of florfenicol via asymmetric aziridination

An efficient enantioselective synthesis of florfenicol is accomplished in 44.7% overall yield from commercially available p-(methylsulfonyl)benzaldehyde. Key features of this synthesis are the asymmetric aziridination reaction mediated by the Wulff’s catalyst in situ derived from (R)-VANOL and diastereoselectively ring-opening of (2S,3S)-fluoroaziridine 13.