SrSi2O2N2∶Eu2+荧光粉的制备及性能研究

以SrCO3,Si3N4,Eu2O3为原料,在N2气氛下,采用自还原高温固相法制备了SrSi2O2N2:Eu2+荧光粉。研究了该荧光粉的物相结构、发光性能和晶体形貌,同时对比在不同气氛下合成的荧光粉。结果表明,在N2气氛与N2/H2气氛下分别合成的SrSi2O2N2:Eu2+荧光粉物相结构和光谱特性基本一致。显示出合成了主晶相SrSi2O2N2,但还含有少量未知的中间项。Eu2+浓度的变化不影响激发状态,而发射光谱的波长在Eu2+浓度为1mol%-20mol%之间,从530 nm的绿光红移至550 nm的黄绿光区域。同时,激发光谱覆盖的范围宽,均能有效的被UV或蓝光激发,这意味着该类荧光粉在白光LED方面有可能得到广泛的应用。     

Li2O-TiO2-SiO2-P2O5和Li2O-TiO2-Al2O3-P2O5体系锂离子固体电解质的制备及性能研究

一些具有NASICON型网格结构的固体电解质具有高的电导率和好的稳定性,NASICON的意思是Na Super Ionic Conductor[1]。当NaZr2(PO4)3中P5 被Si4 部分取代时便可以得到具有NASICON结构的Na1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系,其具有高的钠离子电导率。然而有相同结构的Li1 xZr2SixP3-xO12体系的离子电导率却很低,这是因为Li 半径太小,而NASICON三维网格结构的离子通道太大,两者不匹配而使电导率下降[2]。但当LiZr2(PO4)3中Zr4 被离子半径小些的Ti4 取代,所得LiTi2(PO4)3的通道就与Li 半径相匹配,适合于锂离子的迁移,从而使其电导率…     

The reaction of MgCl2·4H2O with CCl2F2

A new reaction of MgCl₂·4H₂O with CCl₂F₂ is investigated by DTA and TG from room temperature to 350 °C. It is observed that MgF₂ was obtained between 252 and 350 °C, Below the temperature, MgCl₂·4H₂O dehydrates and hydrolyzes to MgCl₂ and Mg(OH)Cl, which are the real reactants of the reaction with CCl₂F₂. The formation of MgF₂ is ascribed to the reaction of MgCl₂ and Mg(OH)Cl with HF, which forms by decomposition of CCl₂F₂ with the taking part in of H₂O released from dehydration of hydrated magnesium chloride on the surface of MgCl₂ and Mg(OH)Cl, which catalyzes the decomposition of CCl₂F₂ in this case. Consequently, the reactions are tested in the fluid-bed condition. It is found that MgF₂ formed at temperatures down to 200 °C in a fluid-bed reactor. This reaction may be used as a method of disposing of the environmentally sensitive CCl₂F₂ (rather than release into the atmosphere). It is also a method for the preparation of MgF₂.     

The influence of La2O3 and TiO2 on NiO/MgO/α-Al2O3

Summary The effect of La₂O₃ and TiO₂ on product selectivity, methane conversion and coke formation over NiO/MgO/ α -Al₂O₃ catalyst were studied in a simultaneous steam and CO₂ reforming of methane to syngas. La₂O₃ and TiO₂ were added to the catalyst via incipient wetness impregnation and bulk precipitation techniques and catalyst activity was tested in a fixed bed quartz reactor. Results reveal that although the addition of these oxides has no effect on the product selectivity and methane conversion, but can reduce coke formation on the surface of the catalysts as it can enhance the mobility of lattice oxygen anions. The results further show that the catalysts prepared by bulk precipitation technique decrease the coke formation more effectively.     

磁性TiO2/CoFe2O4纳米复合光催化材料的制备

以磁性CoFe2O4为核,采用改进的溶胶-凝胶法,制备了磁性TiO2/CoFe2O4纳米复合光催化材料.利用VSM(振动样品磁强计)技术对其磁性能进行了研究,结果表明:由该法所得的TiO2/CoFe2O4纳米复合光催化材料的饱和磁化强度虽稍弱于纯CoFe2O4纳米材料,但其矫顽力则优于CoFe2O4.TEM、XRD、UV-Vis等的结果表明,该纳米复合材料中的TiO2为锐钛矿结构;与TiO2相比,纳米复合材料对光的吸收拓展到了整个紫外-可见区,且吸收强度大大增强.对染料废水光催化降解的模拟研究表明,该复合材料在紫外光下,6 h可以使亚甲基蓝染料溶液的脱色率达95%,且重复使用3次时染料溶液的脱色率仍能保持在90%,明显优于纯TiO2.     

The Catalytic Dehydrogenation of c2h6 to c2h4 under non-Oxidative Conditions over the 6cr/g-al2o3Catalyst

In the present paper, the catalytic dehydrogenation of C₂H₆ to C₂H₄ under non-oxidative conditions was investigated in a fixed-bed micro-reactor under ambient pressure at 823 - 923 K. The 6Cr/g-Al₂O₃ catalyst was found to be the best catalyst among the g-Al₂O₃, SiO₂, MCM41, MgO and Si-2 supported chromium oxide catalysts. The features of the 6Cr/g-Al₂O₃ catalyst for the reaction could be listed as follows: (1) At 823 - 923 K, the C₂H₄ selectivity of 92.5-78.6% at a C₂H₆ conversion of 9.5-29.8% could be obtained. (2) The catalyst had the good regeneration performance, i.e., could be regenerated by air repeatedly. (3) The main products were C₂H₄, CH₄, H₂ and coke. No carbon oxides were identified.     

Conversion of NO in NO/N2, NO/O2/N2, NO/C2H4/N2 and NO/C2H4/O2/N2 Systems by Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasmas

An experimental study on the conversion of NO in the NO/N₂, NO/O₂/N₂, NO/C₂H₄/N₂ and NO/C₂H₄/O₂/N₂ systems has been carried out using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasmas at atmospheric pressure. In the NO/N₂ system, NO decomposition to N₂ and O₂ is the dominating reaction; NO conversion to NO₂ is less significant. O₂ produced from NO decomposition was detected by an on-line mass spectrometer. With the increase of NO initial concentration, the concentration of O₂ produced decreases at 298 K, but slightly increases at 523 K. In the NO/O₂/N₂ system, NO is mainly oxidized to NO₂, but NO conversion becomes very low at 523 K and over 1.6% of O₂. In the NO/C₂H₄/N₂ system, NO is reduced to N₂ with about the same NO conversion as that in the NO/N₂ system but without NO₂ formation. In the NO/C₂H₄/O₂/N₂ system, the oxidation of NO to NO₂ is dramatically promoted. At 523 K, with the increase of the energy density, NO conversion increases rapidly first, and then almost stabilizes at 93–91% of NO conversion with 61–55% of NO₂ selectivity in the energy density range of 317–550 J L⁻¹. It finally decreases gradually at high energy density. A negligible amount of N₂O is formed in the above four systems. Of the four systems studied, NO conversion and NO₂ selectivity of the NO/C₂H₄/O₂/N₂ system are the highest, and NO/O₂/C₂H₄/N₂ system has the lowest electrical energy consumption per NO molecule converted.     

TPR studies on steam reforming of 2-propanol on Rh/Al2O3, Ru/Al2O3 and Pd/Al2O3

Reaction pathways for steam reforming of 2-propanol (isopropyl alcohol, IPA) on Rh/Al₂O₃, Ru/Al₂O₃ and Pd/Al₂O₃ have been studied by temperature-programmed reactions (TPRs) of IPA and acetone in the presence of steam. The results of TPRs suggest that that of IPA on Rh/Al₂O₃ and Ru/Al₂O₃ proceeds via acetone, while the steam reforming of IPA on Pd/Al₂O₃ takes place via propene from acetone. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

XRD and Si MAS-NMR spectroscopy across the β-Lu2Si2O7-β-Y2Si2O7 solid solution

Samples in the system Lu_2−xY_xSi₂O₇ (0?x?2) have been synthesized following the sol-gel method and calcined to 1300 °C, a temperature at which the β-polymorph is known to be the stable phase for the end-members Lu₂Si₂O₇ and Y₂Si₂O₇. The XRD patterns of all the compositions studied are compatible with the structure of the β-polymorph. Unit cell parameters are calculated as a function of composition from XRD patterns. They show a linear change with increasing Y content, which indicates a solid solubility of β-Y₂Si₂O₇ in β-Lu₂Si₂O₇ at 1300 °C. ²⁹Si MAS NMR spectra of the different members of the system agree with the XRD results, showing a linear decrease of the ²⁹Si chemical shift with increasing Y content. Finally, a correlation reported in the literature to predict ²⁹Si chemical shifts in silicates is applied here to obtain the theoretical variation in ²⁹Si chemical shift values in the system Lu₂Si₂O₇-Y₂Si₂O₇ and the results compare favorably with the values obtained experimentally.     

Ion-beam irradiation of lanthanum compounds in the systems La2O3-Al2O3 and La2O3-TiO2

Thin crystals of La₂O₃, LaAlO₃, La_2/3TiO₃, La₂TiO₅, and La₂Ti₂O₇ have been irradiated in situ using 1 MeV Kr²⁺ ions at the Intermediate Voltage Electron Microscope-Tandem User Facility (IVEM-Tandem), Argonne National Laboratory (ANL). We observed that La₂O₃ remained crystalline to a fluence greater than 3.1×10¹⁶ ions cm⁻² at a temperature of 50 K. The four binary oxide compounds in the two systems were observed through the crystalline-amorphous transition as a function of ion fluence and temperature. Results from the ion irradiations give critical temperatures for amorphisation (T_c) of 647 K for LaAlO₃, 840 K for La₂Ti₂O₇, 865 K for La_2/3TiO₃, and 1027 K for La₂TiO₅. The T_c values observed in this study, together with previous data for Al₂O₃ and TiO₂, are discussed with reference to the melting points for the La₂O₃-Al₂O₃ and La₂O₃-TiO₂ systems and the different local environments within the four crystal structures. Results suggest that there is an observable inverse correlation between T_c and melting temperature (T_m) in the two systems. More complex relationships exist between T_c and crystal structure, with the stoichiometric perovskite LaAlO₃ being the most resistant to amorphisation.     

2-Phosphinothioyl- and 2-phosphinoylethylcyclopentadienyl zirconium and titanium complexes. Crystal structure of [η5:η1-C5H4CH2CH2P(O)Ph2]TiCl3

The intracomplex conversion of (2-diphenylphosphanoethyl)cyclopentadienyl zirconium and titanium complexes into the corresponding 2-phosphinothioyl and 2-phosphinoyl derivatives, viz., (η⁵-C₅H₅)[η ⁵-C₅H₄CH₂CH₂P(S)Ph₂]ZrCl₂, [η⁵-C₅H₄CH₂CH₂P(S)Ph₂]ZrCl₃, [η⁵:η¹C₅H₄CH₂CH₂P(O)Ph₂]ZrCl₃·THF, and [η⁵:η ¹-C₅H₄CH₂CH₂P(O)Ph₂]TiCl₃ (7), was performed. The NMR spectroscopy data revealed the following order of the coordination ability of the functional groups with respect to the Zr center: Ph₂P=O > Ph₂P > Ph₂P=S. An analogous order was found for the monodentate ligands (Ph₃P=O > Ph₃P > Ph₃P=S) with respect to (η⁵-C₅H₅)ZrCl₃. The molecular structure of complex 7 was established by X-ray diffraction analysis. Coordination of the Ph₂P=O group to the titanium atom was found retained both in the crystalline state and solution.__________Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 1, pp. 116–122, January, 2005.     

EuZn2Si2 and EuZn2Ge2 Grown from Zn or Ga(ln)/Zn Flux

Single crystals of the novel ternary compounds EuZn₂Si₂ and EuZn₂Ge₂ were grown from pure gallium, indium, or zinc metal used as a flux solvent. Crystal properties were characterized using X-ray single-crystal analyses via Gandolfi and Weissenberg film techniques and by four-circle X-ray single-crystal diffractometry. The new compounds crystallize with ternary derivative structures of BaAl₄, i.e., EuZn₂Si₂ with ThCr₂Si₂-type (a=0.42607(2) nm, c=1.03956(5) nm, I4/mmm, R₁=0.038) and EuZn₂Ge₂ with CaBe₂Ge₂-type (a=0.43095(2) nm, c=1.07926(6) nm, P4/nmm, R₁=0.067). XAS and magnetic measurements on EuZn₂Si₂ and EuZn₂Ge₂ revealed in both compounds the presence of Eu²⁺ ions carrying large magnetic moments, which order magnetically at low temperatures. The magnetic phase transition occurs at T_N=16 and 7.5 K for the silicide and the germanide, respectively. In EuZn₂Si₂ there occurs a spin reorientation at 13 K and furthermore some canting of antiferromagnetically ordered moments below about 10 K. In EuZn₂Ge₂ a canted antiferromagnetic structure is formed just at T_N.     

Synthesis and characterization of ionic organotin compounds [R2SnCl2(2-quin)](HNEt3) and crystal structures of [(2,4-Cl2-C6H3CH2)2SnCl2(2-quin)](HNEt3)

Eight ionic organotin compounds [R₂SnCl₂(2-quin)]⁻(HNEt₃)⁺ have been synthesized by reactions of 2-quinH with R₂SnCl₂ (R = PhCH₂1, 2-Cl-C₆H₄CH₂2, 4-Cl-C₆H₄CH₂3, 2-F-C₆H₄CH₂4, 4-F-C₆H₄CH₂5, 4-CN-C₆H₄CH₂6, Ph 7, 2,4-Cl₂-C₆H₃CH₂8) in the presence of organic base NEt₃, and their structures have been characterized by elemental analysis, IR and multinuclear NMR (¹H, ¹³C, ¹¹⁹Sn) spectroscopies. The structure of [(2,4-Cl₂-C₆H₃CH₂)₂SnCl₂(2-quin)]⁻(NEt₃)⁺ (8) has been determined by X-ray diffraction study. Studies show that compound 8 has a monomeric structure with the central tin atom six-coordinate in a distorted octahedral configuration and the nitrogen atoms of the 2-quin ligands are coordinating to the tin atom in all the eight compounds.     

The Ternary System Li2O-Al2O3-B2O3: Compounds and Phase Relations

The ternary system Li₂O-Al₂O₃-B₂O₃ is reinvestigated with solid-state reaction and X-ray powder diffraction technique to clarify some long-standing uncertainties. The phase relations are constructed based on the phase identifications of 51 ternary samples. Six ternary compounds, Li₂AlB₅O₁₀, LiAlB₂O₅, Li₃AlB₂O₆, Li₂AlBO₄, LiAl₇B₄O₁₇ and a compound with a composition close to 0.66Li₂O·0.06Al₂O₃·0.28B₂O₃, are observed or confirmed in this system, and the thermal stability of these ternary compounds is also discussed on the basis of DTA experimental results.     

Solubility of (UO2)3(PO4)2?4H2O in H+-Na+-OH?-H2PO?4-HPO2?4-PO3?4-H2O and Its Comparison to the Analogous PuO2 +2 System

The objectives of this study were to address uncertainties in the solubility product of (UO₂)₃(PO₄)₂⋅4H₂O(c) and in the phosphate complexes of U(VI), and more importantly to develop needed thermodynamic data for the Pu(VI)-phosphate system in order to ascertain the extent to which U(VI) and Pu(VI) behave in an analogous fashion. Thus studies were conducted on (UO₂)₃(PO₄)₂⋅4H₂O(c) and (PuO₂)₃(PO₄)₂⋅4H₂O(am) solubilities for long-equilibration periods (up to 870 days) in a wide range of pH values (2.5 to 10.5) at fixed phosphate concentrations of 0.001 and 0.01 M, and in a range of phosphate concentrations (0.0001–1.0 M) at fixed pH values of about 3.5. A combination of techniques (XRD, DTA/TG, XAS, and thermodynamic analyses) was used to characterize the reaction products. The U(VI)-phosphate data for the most part agree closely with thermodynamic data presented in Guillaumont et al.,⁽¹⁾ although we cannot verify the existence of several U(VI) hydrolyses and phosphate species and we find the reported value for formation constant of UO₂PO⁻₄ is in error by more than two orders of magnitude. A comprehensive thermodynamic model for (PuO₂)₃(PO₄)₂⋅4H₂O(am) solubility in the H⁺-Na⁺-OH⁻-Cl⁻-H₂PO⁻₄-HPO²⁻₄-PO³⁻₄-H₂O system, previously unavailable, is presented and the data shows that the U(VI)-phosphate system is an excellent analog for the Pu(VI)-phosphate system.     

Thermal decomposition mechanisms of MgCl2·6H2O and MgCl2·H2O

The thermal decomposition mechanisms and the intermediate morphology of MgCl₂·6H₂O and MgCl₂·H₂O were studied using integrated thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope and chemical analysis. The results showed that there were six steps in the thermal decomposition of MgCl₂·6H₂O: producing MgCl₂·4H₂O at 69 °C, MgCl₂·2H₂O at 129 °C, MgCl₂·nH₂O (1 ≤ n ≤ 2) and MgOHCl at 167 °C, the conversion of MgCl₂·nH₂O (1 ≤ n ≤ 2) to Mg(OH)Cl·0.3H₂O by simultaneous dehydration and hydrolysis at 203 °C, the dehydration of Mg(OH)Cl·0.3H₂O to MgOHCl at 235 °C, and finally the direct conversion of MgOHCl to the cylindrical particles of MgO at 415 °C. To restrain the sample hydrolysis and to obtain MgCl₂·H₂O, MgCl₂·6H₂O was first calcined in HCl atmosphere until 203 °C when MgCl₂·H₂O was obtained; HCl gas was then turned off and the calcination process continued, producing Mg₃Cl₂(OH)₄·2H₂O calcined at 203 °C, Mg₃(OH)₄Cl₂ at 220 °C and MgO at 360 °C. The temperature of producing MgO from calcination of MgCl₂·H₂O was lower (360 °C) than that from MgCl₂·6H₂O (415 °C) because of its more reactive intermediate products: the irregular shape and tiny needle-like Mg₃Cl₂(OH)₄·2H₂O particles and the uneven surface porous Mg₃(OH)₄Cl₂ particles. The MgO particles obtained at 360 °C had a flake structure.     

Ni2+掺杂Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5电极的制备及性能

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了Ni2+掺杂的Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5电极,并通过XRD、SEM、EDS、苯酚降解、加速寿命实验等技术手段,研究了Ni2+的掺杂对电极的结构、形貌、电催化性能及稳定性的影响。结果表明:Ni2+的掺入细化了SnO2晶粒,增大了电极的比表面积,改善了电极表面的龟裂程度,提高了电极的导电性能;相对于Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5电极Ni2+的掺入将苯酚完全降解的时间缩短为原来的40%,将电极的使用寿命提高为原来的4.8倍。     

CO2在Na2Cr2O7溶液中的平衡溶解度模型

为研究重铬酸钠(Na₂Cr₂O₇)对CO₂溶解的影响, 本文在带有搅拌的气液相高压平衡釜内, 采用静态法测定了温度在313.2-333.2 K, 压力在0.1-1.9 MPa 范围内, 重铬酸钠浓度分别为0、0.361、0.650、0.901 mol·kg^-1 时, CO₂ 在Na₂Cr₂O₇溶液中的溶解度. 结果表明: (1) Na₂Cr₂O₇对CO₂ 的溶解有盐析效应; (2) CO₂ 在Na₂Cr₂O₇溶液中的溶解符合亨利定律, 并且CO₂溶解度是温度和Na₂Cr₂O₇浓度的函数, 且用改进的Setschenow方程和Peng-Robinson-Pitzer (PR-Pitzer)方程拟合了在此温度、压力及重铬酸钠浓度范围内的实验数据, 拟合效果较好, 并且其平均相对误差分别为4.24%和3.32%.     

First Principles Study of Uranium Solubility in Gd2Zr2O7 Pyrochlore

Ab initio calculation is performed to investigate the uranium solubility in different sites of Gd₂Zr₂O₇ pyrochlore. The Gd₂Zr₂O₇ maintains its pyrochlore structure at low uranium dopant levels, and the lattice constants of Gd₂(Zr_{2-y}U_y)O₇ and (Gd_{2-y}Uy)Zr₂O₇ are gen-erally expressed as being linearly related to the uranium content y. Uranium is found to be a preferable substitute for the B-site gadolinium atoms in cation-disordered Gd₂Zr₂O₇ (where gadolinium and zirconium atoms are swapped) over the A-site gadolinium atoms in orderedGd₂Zr₂O₇ due to the lower total energy of (Gd_{2-y}Zr_y)(Zr_{2-y}U_y)O₇.     

298.15 K Li2B4O7-MgCl2-H2O体系热力学性质的电动势法测定及离子相互作用模型的研究

测定了298.15 K下, 无液接电池Li-ISE│Li₂B₄O₇ (m_A)(aq.), MgCl₂(m_B)(aq.)│AgCl/Ag的电动势, 利用测定结果计算了Li₂B₄O₇-MgCl₂-H₂O体系离子强度在0.05～3 mol•kg^－1范围内, 不同MgCl₂离子强度分数的溶液中LiCl的平均活度系数, 并给出了其随离子强度I, B₄O₇^2－和Mg^2＋浓度的变化规律. 结合以往关于该体系和Li₂B₄O₇-LiCl-H₂O, Li₂B₄O₇-H₂O体系的等压研究结果, 用迭代和多元线性回归方法对Li^＋-Mg^2＋-Cl^－-B₄O₇^2－-H₂O体系的离子相互作用模型进行了研究. 具体方法为考虑了该体系在不同的总硼浓度范围H₃BO₃, B(OH)₄^－, B₃O₃(OH)₄^－和B₄O₅(OH)₄^2－四种含硼化合物的存在以及各硼化合物间的化学平衡, 以修正了的Pitzer渗透系数方程和活度系数方程为基础, 对该体系的等压法和电动势法研究结果进行最小二乘拟合, 拟合的标准偏差为0.0167, 用该模型计算的该体系的渗透系数、活度系数与实验值基本一致.