Zeolite HY and Silica Gel as New and Efficient Heterogenous Catalysts for the Synthesis of Triarylimidazoles under Microwave Irradiation

Summary.  Zeolite HY and silica gel efficiently catalyzed the three component condensation of benzil, benzaldehyde derivatives, and ammonium acetate under solvent-free conditions and microwave irradiation. Received February 22, 2000. Accepted (revised) March 22, 2000     

Synthesis of Nitriles from Aldoximes Using Silica Gel as Catalyst Under Microwave Irradiation

Abstract

A rapid and efficient synthesis of nitriles via dehydration from the corresponding aldoximes has been carried out in the presence of Silica gel as catalyst under microwave irradiation in 83–95% yield.     

An Efficient One‐Pot Synthesis of New Coumarin Derivatives as Potent Anticancer Agents under Microwave Irradiation

An efficient and rapid synthesis of coumarin derivatives was accomplished via reactions of 3‐(3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)acryloyl)‐2H ‐chromen‐2‐one ( 3 ) with different carbon nucleophiles such as ethyl acetoacetate, ethyl cyanoacetate, malononitrile, and ethyl benzoylacetate via conventional heating and microwave irradiation conditions and were used as source of pyran and pyridine derivatives bearing coumarin moiety 4 – 11 . Compound 9a was condensed with different carbon electrophiles triethylorthoformate, phenylisothiocyanate, carbon disulfide, benzoylchloride, and acetylchloride that afforded the corresponding chromen derivatives 12 – 16 . All the newly synthesized compounds were characterized by elemental and spectroscopic evidences. All of synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro cytotoxicity. The preliminary screening results showed that most of the compounds had moderate cytotoxic activity against HCT‐116 and MCF‐7 cell lines. Nevertheless, compound 10 exhibited potent activity against the two cell lines, which was comparable with the standard drug 5‐fluorouracil.     

An Efficient and General Method for Ester Hydrolysis on the Surface of Silica Gel Catalyzed by Indium Triiodide Under Microwave Irradiation

Carboxylic esters are hydrolyzed to the corresponding carboxylic acids in high yields through a simple microwave assisted operation on the surface of silica gel moistened with few drops of water in presence of indium triiodide.     

Synthesis of Fulleropyrrolidines under Microwave Irradiation

In recent years, considerable efforts have been devoted to the development of systems in which C60 is covalently linked to an electron donor.[1] Studies[2] on intermolecular photoinduced electron transfer between C60 and triphenyl amine show that triphenyl amine is a good donor. It is envisaged that the use of donor segments consisting of either pyrrole/aniline may extend the lifetime of charge-separated state.[3] Since Gedye[4] demonstrated that many organic reactions can be conducted rapidly under microwave irradiation, here we have successfully synthesized five new fulleropyrrolidines containing triphenyl amine or thiophene dyads under microwave irradiation, which are different from traditional heating. The determination of structures of these fulleropyrrolidines is in progress. On the other hand, we have studied the geometry, electronic structures and frontier orbitals of these N-methyl-pyrrolo[3,4]C60 derivatives by using AM1semiempirical quantum calculation method. The results indicate that there exists strong intramolecular electron transfer in them.     

微波法合成烯基膦酸酯类化合物

以β-硝基芳基乙烯和亚磷酸三乙酯为原料,二氯甲烷为溶剂,利用微波法合成了一系列烯基膦酸酯类化合物,其结构经<'1>H NMR,<'13>C NMR和HR-MS确证.     

嘧啶酮衍生物的微波合成

在微波辅助下,Baylis-Hillman加成物与4-氨基-6-氯嘧啶或2-氨基-噻唑反应,快速合成了两类嘧啶酮衍生物——3-取代-7-氯-4H-嘧啶[1,2-b]哒嗪-4-酮和6-取代-5H-噻唑[3,2-a]嘧啶-5-酮,收率81%～98%,其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,IR和MS确证。     

微波辐射下纳米水滑石的合成

在微波辐射下用变速滴加共沉淀法合成了粒径为10 nm~40 nm的Mg-A l纳米水滑石(nano-HT),其结构经XRD,TEM,TG和元素分析表征。以nano-HT为载体,制备了Cu/nano-HT和CuN i/nano-HT催化剂,通过苯酚羟基化反应考察了它们的催化活性,实验结果表明,双氧水有效利用率和产物的选择性均比以常规水滑石为载体的催化剂高。     

Use of Zeolite Catalysts for Efficient Synthesis of Benzoxazoles via Beckmann Rearrangement

Substituted benzoxazoles have been synthesized in very good yields starting from o-acylphenol oximes via Beckmann rearrangement using zeolite catalysts.     

分子筛表面酸性对微波固相法制备ZnCl2/Y催化剂的影响

 采用XRD和原子吸收光谱法研究了微波作用下分子筛表面酸性对ZnCl2与Y分子筛固态相互作用的影响．结果表明，微波辐射可显著促进ZnCl2在分子筛表面分散，其分散阈值与分子筛表面酸性有关．随着分子筛表面酸量和酸强度增加，ZnCl2在分子筛表面的最大分散量减少，分散的ZnCl2与Y分子筛的固态离子交换量也减少；NaY型分子筛比HY分子筛更容易发生固态离子交换反应．考察了微波固相法制备的ZnCl2／HY催化剂在苯甲醚与乙酰氯酰化反应中的催化性能．结果表明，在分子筛表面分散的ZnCl2具有更高的催化活性及对甲氧基苯乙酮选择性．     

Synthesis of Substituted Salicylanilides under Microwave Irradiation

Summary. Salicylanilides were prepared in 70–95% yields in 4–8min from phenyl salicylate or phenyl 4-methoxysalicylate and substituted anilines under microwave irradiation under solvent free conditions.Received October 17, 2002; accepted October 22, 2002 Published online July 3, 2003     

微波法合成氧化锌纳米棒

以氯化锌为锌源,碳酸钠为矿化剂,水为溶剂,微波辐照10 min制备了结晶性好的半导体ZnO纳米棒.经XRD,FESEM,TEM和SAED表征,ZnO纳米棒直径为40 nm～80 nm,长度为300 nm～500 nm,沿着c轴择优取向生长.对ZnO纳米棒生长机制进行了分析.     

微波辐射下合成芳香硫醚

本文对在微波条件下S－烃基化反应进行了研究，并提供一种硫酚和卤代烃在氧化铝作载体的条件下，不用任何有机溶剂经微波辐射简便、快速、有效合成芳香硫醚的方法。     

微波辐射下肉桂酸的合成研究

研究了微波辐射下肉桂酸的Knoevenagel-Doebner合成新方法。以工本甲醛为反应底物,丙二酸为试剂,吡啶作溶剂,苯胺作催化剂,考察了苯甲醛与丙二酸的摩尔比、微波功率、反应时间、催化剂用量等对反应的影响。经正交实验设计得到最佳反应条件：丙二酸用量为2．510g,丙二酸与苯甲醛摩尔比1．20,苯胺用量0．26mL,微波功率464W,反应时间19min,肉桂酸的产率几乎是定量的。经重结晶后,精产率为67．17％,并分析了有关原因。结果表明,微波技术用于肉桂酸的合成,操作简便、反应迅速、收率高,具有一定的应用价值。     

微波辐射合成4，4’-二甲基三苯胺

以叔丁醇钾(3)为缚酸剂,在微波辐射下,4,4'-二甲基二苯胺(1)和溴苯(2)在二甲基亚砜中反应合成了4,4'-二甲基三苯胺,其结构经1H NMR和IR确证.由正交实验确定最佳工艺条件为:1 3 mmol,n(1):n(2):n(3)=1:2:2,微波功率100 W,于175℃反应60 min,收率67.8%.     

Synthesis of Substituted Salicylanilides under Microwave Irradiation

Salicylanilides were prepared in 70–95% yields in 4–8min from phenyl salicylate or phenyl 4-methoxysalicylate and substituted anilines under microwave irradiation under solvent free conditions.     

四苯基吡嗪的微波合成

在乙酸酐存在下,苯偶姻与乙酸铵进行缩合反应,选择性地合成了2,3,5,6-四苯基吡嗪,产率51%;在微波辐射下反应6 min～10 min,产率可以提高到68%.其结构经1H NMR和IR表征.