交流示波极谱滴定法测定镀铬电解液中铬酐和Cr（Ⅲ）离子

介绍了交流示波极谱滴定法测定镀铬电解液中铬酐、三价铬离子含量的新方法.方法采用汞膜电极、钨电极下的亚铊滴定法,分别测定镀铬电解液中铬酐、三价铬离子的含量.方法简便、快速、终声、直观、结果准确.     

聚丙烯酸-g-非离子性聚氨酯接枝共聚物的合成及其在铬鞣中的应用研究

为了解决制革工业中的铬污染问题,制备了一种高分子型的高吸收铬鞣助剂,测定了其耐酸、耐铬离子交联特性,并应用与铬鞣工序中降低废液中铬含量。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定氧化铝中微量氧化铬

氧化铝是陶瓷制品中的重要原料 ,其中氧化铬对陶瓷的电性和美观都有较大的影响 ,测定其含量很有必要。由于材料中氧化铝占 98%以上 ,而铬的含量小于 0 .1 % ,处理成溶液后 ,铝离子与铬离子浓度比超过 1× 1 0 3倍以上 ,且分离较困难 ,为了较好地消除铝对试验结果的影响 ,采用标准曲线中加入铝离子作为基体。由于大量铝离子的存在 ,对铬的吸光度影响较大 ,又因铬含量较低 ,用作标准曲线的标准溶液浓度不宜太高 ,否则测量误差很大。据文献[1 ]介绍 ,加高氯酸铵或低碳链脂肪酸能增感铬的吸收信号。通过试验 ,当溶液中大量铝存在时 ,直接加入这…     

BaPbO3与BaTiO3多晶态陶瓷缺陷结构对比

BaPbO，是具有类金属导电特性的钙钛矿结构导电陶瓷，其晶体结构由Ba2＋和O^2-离子紧密堆积形成，pb^4＋离子占据由O^2-离子形成的八面体空隙。BaTiO3同为钙钛矿结构的陶瓷材料，由Ba^2＋和O^2-离子紧密堆积形成，Ti^4＋离子占据由O^2-离子形成的八面体空隙。BaPbO3和BaTiO3的A位离子相同,B位离子都为可变价离子。     

铬天青S的液/液界面离子转移过程

本文研究了酸性染料显色剂铬天青S的液/液界面离子转移行为, 用循环伏安法和电流扫描计时电位法研究了铬天青S在水/硝基苯和水/1,2-二氯乙烷两种界面上的离子转移过程, 根据铬在青S在溶液中的离解平衡和电化学性质, 讨论了界面离子转移机理,研究了基础电解质和溶剂对铬天青S转移性能的影响, 在Britton-Robinson缓冲溶液中测得半波电位PH曲线与理论公式相一致, 由本法所得离解常数与文献值接近, 计算了转移离子的标准转移电位和标准吉布斯转移能。     

离子色谱法和原子吸收光谱法测定电镀液中Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)

提出一种前处理简单、操作方便、灵敏度高的测定电镀液中Cr(Ⅵ)和Cr(Ⅲ)的分析方法。先用原子吸收光谱法检测电镀液的总铬含量,然后用离子色谱法检测Cr(Ⅵ)的总量,由两者的差值得出Cr(Ⅲ)的含量。原子吸收光谱法检测铬的加标回收率为97.3%～99.5%,检出限(3S/D)为0.01 mg/L。离子色谱法检测Cr(Ⅵ)的加标回收率为92.2%～102.2%,检出限(3S/D)为0.05 mg/L。     

二安替比林苯乙烯甲烷测定微量铬(Ⅵ)

本文拟定了以二安替比林苯乙烯甲烷为显色剂,光度法测定微量铬的方法,显色剂在1.8mol/L磷酸介质中与铬(Ⅵ)生成紫红色络合物,λ_(max)=540nm,ε_(540)=3.77×10~4,铬含量在0.5—5.5μg,25mL范围内符合比尔定律,常见离子不产生干扰,可用于电镀废水中铬(Ⅵ)和总铬量的测定以及钢铁试样中测定铬。     

最密堆积中空隙分布的学习技巧

六方最密堆积和立方最密堆积是金属晶体中最常见的结构,其正四面体空隙和正八面体空隙的分布是学生学习的难点.本文将揭示密置双层-最密堆积-离子晶体结构中空隙的分布规律,进而将典型离子晶体结构与最密堆积中的空隙分布相关联.这对学生掌握空隙分布的规律性,理解金属和离子晶体结构,提升晶体结构的学习效果大有帮助.     

不同镧含量LaNaY沸石的^129Xe NMR研究

用＾１２９ＸｅＮＭＲ技术研究了ＬａＮａＹ沸石在不同镧含量时的离子定位情况，发现经３５０℃抽真空预处理后，即使在低镧含量时也有部分镧离子留在超笼内，其数目取决于沸石中总的镧含量，当平均每单胞内镧离子数达到８个后，在３５０℃下方钠石笼中出现镧离子对，不可逆地形成桥式镧氧（氢氧）化物；但低于此含量时，镧离子处于不同方钠石笼中，面成对发生反应，通常认为Ｎａ＾＋离子与Ｘｅ的化学位移无关，但＾１２９ＸｅＮＭＲ     

镧铬酵母中铬含量的测定

采用在培养基中加入La2O3的方法，制备得到了镧铬酵母，并对其总铬、无机六价铬及有机铬的含量进行了分析，结果表明：镧铬酵母中总铬含量可达到708．3μg／g，有机铬含量可达到639．0μg／g，是未加La2O3的铬酵母样品的近3倍；而六价无机铬占总铬的百分含量却由1．60％降至0．72％。通过紫外光谱和红外光谱分析，发现有机铬在260nm和478cm^-1处有特征吸收峰。     

Nanoscale Hemispheres in Novel Mixed-Valent Uranyl Chromate(V,VI), (C(3)NH(10))(10)[(UO(2))(13)(Cr(12)(5+)O(42))(Cr(6+)O(4))(6)(H(2)O)(6)](H(2)O)(6)

The structure of a novel mixed-valent chromium uranyl compound, (C(3)NH(10))(10)[(UO(2))(13)(Cr(12)(5+)O(42))(Cr(6+)O(4))(6)(H(2)O)(6)](H(2)O)(6) (1), obtained by the combination of a hydrothermal method and evaporation from aqueous solutions with isopropylammonium, contains uranyl chromate hemispheres with lateral dimensions of 18.9 × 18.5 ?(2) and a height of about 8 ?. The hemispheres are centered by a UO(8) hexagonal bipyramid surrounded by six dimers of Cr(5+)O(5) square pyramids, UO(7) pentagonal bipyramids, and Cr(6+)O(4) tetrahedra. The hemispheres are linked into two-dimensional layers so that two adjacent hemispheres are oriented in opposite directions relative to the plane of the layer. From a topological point of view, the hemispheres have the formula U(21)Cr(23) and can be considered as derivatives of nanospherical cluster U(26)Cr(36) composed of three-, four-, and five-membered rings.     

Struktur und Eigenschaften des blauen Chrom(II)-chlorid-tetrahydrats CrCl2. 4H2O

Structure and Properties of the Blue Chromium(II) Chloride Tetrahydrate CrCl₂.4H₂O The blue chromium(II) chloride tetrahydrate CrCl₂. 4 H₂O crystallizes monoclinic in the space group P2₁/c with a = 5.904, b = 7.339, c = 8.347 Å and β = 110.10°. The unit cell contains two isolated complexes in which the chromium atoms are coordinated by four short bonded water molecules with square planar configuration (Cr? O = 2.078 Å) and by two chlorine atoms in trans-configuration with long bonds (Cr? Cl = 2.758 Å). This structure may be described by the formula {[Cr(H₂O)₄]Cl₂}. The absorption spectra are discussed on the basis of the structure determination.     

The rapid synthesis of the heteropolyoxometalate-pillared layered double hydroxide Zn2Al(OH)6[SiW11O39Co(H2O)]1/6 · 4H2O by the action of ultrasound

The ion-exchange between the transition metal monosubstituted heteropolyoxometalate anion [SiW11O39-Co(H2O)]6– and the anionic clay Zn2Al(OH)6NO3· xH2O by the action of ultrasound gave the heteropolyanion-pillared layered double hydroxide Zn2Al-(OH)6[SiW11O39Co(H2O)]1/6·4H2O within 7 min. The product was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, i.r. spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The results show that the gallery height of the complex is 1.00±0.02 nm and the heteropolyanion [SiW11O39-Co(H2O)]6– entering the layer retains the integrity of the Keggin structure. Experimentally, the atomic ratio of each element in the formula is Zn:Al = 2.1:0.95 and Si:W:Co = 0.96:10.90:0.98.     

Matrix isolation infrared spectroscopic and theoretical study of dinuclear chromium oxide clusters: Cr2On (n = 2, 4, 6) in solid argon

Dichromium oxide clusters, Cr2O2, Cr2O4, and Cr2O6, have been prepared and characterized by matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations. Laser-evaporated chromium atoms reacted with O2 in solid argon to form the previously characterized CrO2 molecules, which further reacted with chromium atoms to form Cr2O2 spontaneously on annealing. The Cr2O2 cluster is determined to have a chainlike CrOCrO structure. The rhombic ring isomer, which was predicted to be more stable than the CrOCrO structure, was not formed at the present experimental conditions. The Cr2O4 cluster was formed from the barrierless dimerization of the chromium dioxide molecules, which is characterized to have a planar D2h symmetry. TheCr2O6 cluster was produced under UV light irradiation. It is determined to have a singlet ground state with a nonplanar D2h symmetry.     

Investigation of the formation and properties of protective oxide layers on high purity chromium with SIMS imaging techniques

Spallation of the protective oxide layer formed during hot gas oxidation is the main reason for the corrosion of high purity powder metallurgically produced chromium[1]. To explain the formation and occasional spallation of the oxide layer a chromium sample subjected to two consecutive oxidation processes in¹⁶O and¹⁸O atmosphere at high temperature was characterised by 2D and 3D SIMS.The formation of the protective oxide can be described by the diffusion of chromium from the bulk to the surface and the reaction of the chromium atoms with the oxygen from the gaseous phase. The very low solubility of nitrogen in chromium oxide indicates its inability to diffuse through the growing oxide layer and explains the enrichment of nitrogen (same mechanism applies for chlorine) in the interface metal/oxide. The accumulation of trace elements within the interface during the oxidation process explains the reduced adhesion power of the passivation layer and its spallation.Dedicated to Professor Dr. rer. nat. Dr. h.c. Hubertus Nickel on the occasion of his 65th birthday     

层柱催化剂［Zn_2Al（OH）_2］［SiW_（11）O_（39）Co（H_2

层柱催化剂［Ｚｎ_２Ａｌ（ＯＨ）_２］［ＳｉＷ_（１１）Ｏ_（３９）Ｃｏ（Ｈ_２Ｏ）］_（０．８３）４Ｈ_２Ｏ的合成新途径及其对苯甲醛Ｈ_２Ｏ_２氧化的催化活性胡长文，贺庆林，张云峰，张继余，王恩波（东北师范大学化学系，长春１３００２４）关键词层柱催化剂，苯?..     

部份层无序锆交联蒙脱土结构的研究

通过锆交联蒙脱土的X射线衍射、阳离子交换量及孔径分布等实验测定,利用部分无序层状结构的衍射公式,建立了相应的三维统计结构模型.交联剂中Zr(Ⅳ)主要以四聚及三聚的方式存在,在与Na-Mt交联过程中,四聚及三聚Zr(Ⅳ)离子先吸附一定量的水,与水共同支撑开蒙脱土层,使层间距分别达到2.55nm和2.10nm,如此层间距的层在整体结构中分别占35％和27％.水分子进入了其余层间域,层间距为1.26nm.     

水合五异硫氰铬(Ⅲ)酸钾的18-冠-6配合物的合成、性质及晶体和分子结构

在硅凝胶中培养了标题配合物的单晶,确定了它的组成,并进行了热谱、可见光谱、红外光谱及其他多项物理性质的测试和表征,其结果与单晶X射线衍射分析的结果一致。晶体学数据:分子式[K(18-冠-6)(H_2O)][K(18-冠-6)][Cr(H_2O)(NCS)_5]·H_2O,空间群C_(2h)~5—P2_1/n,a=8.592(5),b=22.976(10),c=24.372(4)A,13=96.57(4)~0,Z=4。结构用直接法解出,全矩阵最小二乘方修正,R=0.046。结果表明,铬(Ⅲ)由五个异硫氯酸根离子和一水分子配位形成一畸变八面体形的配合阴离子。一个钾离子由一个冠醚和另一水分子配位;另一钾离子由另一冠醚和一配位于铬(Ⅲ)的硫氯酸根的硫原子配位,即该N(3)-C(3)-S(3)桥连在Cr和K(2)之间;两钾离子均是7配位。第三个水分子通过氢键与阴离子的配位水分子和两个冠醚环上的醚氧原子相连。     

Synthesis and structure characterization of chromium oxide prepared by solid thermal decomposition reaction

Mesoporous chromium oxide (Cr2O3) nanocrystals were first synthesized by the thermal decomposition reaction of Cr(NO3)3.9H2O using citric acid monohydrate (CA) as the mesoporous template agent. The texture and chemistry of chromium oxide nanocrystals were characterized by N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, FTIR, X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-vis, and thermoanalytical methods. It was shown that the hydrate water and CA are the crucial factors in influencing the formation of mesoporous Cr2O3 nanocrystals in the mixture system. The decomposition of CA results in the formation of a mesoporous structure with wormlike pores. The hydrate water of the mixture provides surface hydroxyls that act as binders, making the nanocrystals aggregate. The pore structures and phases of chromium oxide are affected by the ratio of precursor-to-CA, thermal temperature, and time.