赣南竹节参中微量元素含量分析

用浓硝酸微波消解法处理样品,用火焰原子吸收光谱法对竹节参中Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn 6种元素的含量进行了测定.结果表明,竹节参中Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn的含量分别为3 012.421,2 530.148,225.169,34.876,9.467,16.549 μg·g 1,方法的加样回收率为96.0...     

“兴安盟大米”的矿物质特征与营养健康评价

摘要：为探究“兴安盟大米”的矿物质营养,以内蒙古兴安盟产地大米为研究对象,以内蒙古呼伦贝尔市、呼和浩特市、鄂尔多斯市、黑龙江五常市、辽宁盘锦市产地大米为参照,以微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法（inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS）分析北方大米中钾、钙、镁等11种矿质元素含量特征,并进行相关性、主成分和营养评价。结果表明,以兴安盟为主的北方6个评价地区大米中11种矿质元素含量差异较大,11种矿质元素含量的变异系数在9.22%-88.95%之间,除K、Ca、Na之外,其余矿物质元素含量变异系数均在20%以上,Fe、Mg的变异系数较大,含量从大到小分别为K＞Mg＞Ca＞Na＞Zn＞Fe＞Mn＞Cu＞Cr＞Cd＞As,其中K含量较高,Ca与Na、Mg、Mn、Fe、Zn之间均呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01）,说明大米中矿物质含量具有明显差异,大米中重金属含量低于国家标准值,Cd、Cr、As均未超标,元素间存在不同程度的相关性和依存性,Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe、Na、K是该区域大米的主要特征矿物质元素,累计方差贡献率达75.27%。健康评价显示,兴安盟大米综合营养得分与五常大米相当,属于高钾高镁无重金属污染的绿色谷物食品,铁、锰等微量元素营养价值优势显著。     

微波消解–FAAS测定瓜蒌皮中6种元素

建立瓜蒌皮药材中Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu微量元素的含量测定方法,测定了5个产地瓜蒌皮药材6种微量元素的含量。采用微波消解法对瓜蒌皮样品进行前处理,以火焰原子吸收光谱法测定其中6种微量元素的含量。各元素线性回归方程及相关系数良好,回收率在95.3%~104.4%之间。5个产地瓜蒌皮药材中Ca,Mg,Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu的含量分别在3 276.3~5 292.6,1 797.3~3 374.5,145.9~369.3,16.21~32.38,11.36~18.36和4.376~6.374μg/g范围之间,其中Ca含量最高,其余依次为Mg,Fe,Mn,Zn,Cu。     

我国66种蔬菜矿质营养成分的综合评价

通过对我国66种常用新鲜蔬菜的K、Na、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn、Cu、P、Se等10种矿质营养元素含量数据的深度挖掘,用聚类分析法建立了蔬菜的矿质营养成分谱。结果表明,66种蔬菜按其所含矿质元素含量的高低及其组合状况可有序地划分为6个组：即富K、P、Zn型蔬菜,富Ca蔬菜,富Mn、Fe、Se型蔬菜,富zn、Fe、P型蔬菜、各种营养成分的配合较为均衡的蔬菜和低K、P型蔬菜。按照蔬菜的w（Zn）／w（Cu）、w（Ca）／w（Mg）、w（Na）／w（K）比值序列,为人们尤其是高血压和冠心病患者科学合理地选择和搭配蔬菜提供了参考。     

微波等离子体发射光谱法测定乳及乳制品中的11种元素

本文采用微波灰化技术处理乳及乳制品试样,利用微波等离子体发射光谱法(MP-OES)测定乳及乳制品中K、Ca、Na、Mg、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu、Ba、Cr、P 11种矿物质元素.实验对样品前处理条件和仪器工作参数进行了优化.结果表明,K、Ca、Na、Mg、Fe、Zn元素的线性范围为0.2～3.0μg/mL,Mn、Cu、...     

青海高原道地药材羌活和铁棒锤微量元素含量比较研究

为研究青海高原道地药材羌活和铁棒锤的特性,采用电热板消解法处理样品,原子吸收分光光度法测定了两种药材中Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn 6种金属元素的含量。结果表明,Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn 6种微量元素含量在两种道地药材中,含量最高的是Ca,平均值分别为(55.78±12.10)mg/g和(26.48±5.79)mg/g;含量最低的元素为Cu,其值分别为(0.28±0.28)mg/g和(0.09±0.06)mg/g;其它元素含量从高到低依次为Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn。可见不同地区的羌活其微量元素的含量有明显的差异,且羌活微量元素含量也存在种间差异,细叶羌活的Ca、Mg元素含量比宽叶羌活的要低,相反,Fe,Cu,Zn 3种元素含量细叶羌活的比宽叶的要高。     

Comparison of Six Trace Elements Content in Two Genuine Medicines of Notopterygium Incisum and Aconitum pendulum in Qinghai plateau

为研究青海高原道地药材羌活和铁棒锤的特性,采用电热板消解法处理样品,原子吸收分光光度法测定了两种药材中Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn 6种金属元素的含量.结果表明,Ca、Mg、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn 6种微量元素含量在两种道地药材中,含量最高的是Ca,平均值分别为(55.78±12.10) mg/g和(26.48±5.79) mg/g;含量最低的元素为Cu,其值分别为(0.28±0.28)mg/g和(0.09±0.06) mg/g;其它元素含量从高到低依次为Mg,Fe,Zn,Mn.可见不同地区的羌活其微量元素的含量有明显的差异,且羌活微量元素含量也存在种间差异,细叶羌活的Ca、Mg元素含量比宽叶羌活的要低,相反,Fe,Cu,Zn 3种元素含量细叶羌活的比宽叶的要高.     

湛江产杨桃叶中6种矿物质元素的测定

用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了湛江产甜、酸杨桃叶中Cu、Zn、Mn、Fe、Mg、Ca元素的含量。结果表明,甜、酸杨桃叶中含有丰富的Ca、Mn、Mg;甜、酸杨桃叶中的6种元素比较,除了Ca,甜杨桃叶中的Mn、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu含量均高于酸杨桃。实验可为更好的开发和利用杨桃叶资源提供实验数据。     

青海歧穗大黄及其生长土壤中9种无机元素含量特征

为对比青海高原境内不同生境歧穗大黄中9种无机元素含量特征,用原子吸收光谱法分析了其宏量元素K、Na、Ca、Mg、P及微量元素Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn含量。结果表明,青海歧穗大黄植物与其土壤环境呈现出不同的无机元素含量特征,但一致表现为Ca和P在植物的富集,且植物中P含量随海拔升高而明显增加,Zn含量随海拔升高而增加。     

九死还魂草中微量元素的分析

为测定九死还魂草中6种微量元素的含量,并给该检测提供科学方法,采用浓硝酸微波消解法处理样品,利用火焰原子吸收光谱法对九死还魂草中Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Mn、Zn 6种元素的含量进行了测定.结果表明,九死还魂草中含有丰富的微量元素,Ca、Mg、Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn的含量分别为3 012.421、1 911.325、1...     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

氯氧化镁生成热的研究

用氧化镁氯化镁水溶液制备了8水合氯氧化镁[nMg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O], 并测定了其在盐酸中的溶解热, 实验结果表明, 氯氧化镁溶解热与n值呈线性关系, 根据溶解热求出5Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O和3Mg(OH)2·MgCl2·8H2O的生成热分别为-7727.1和5888.1kJ·mol^1^-。     

Thermodynamics of the formation of oxosulfides of rare-earth elements

The enthalpies of solution of several oxosulfides of rare-earth elements and the high-temperature enthalpies of oxosulfides and oxosulfates of lanthanum and yttrium were measured using solution calorimetry and high-temperature microcalorimetry techniques. Standard enthalpies of formation and some thermodynamic properties of oxosulfides and oxosulfates were calculated. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2 pp. 294–297, February, 1997.     

探究“铁的锈蚀条件”实验创新设计

设计了铁的锈蚀实验,说明了铁钉的处理方法,增加了温度、酸、碱的影响条件,实现了铁跟蒸馏水及空气中氧气快速反应而生锈,使实验在5 min左右就能够得到准确的结果。