函数图象变换常见错误剖析

由于函数概念不清 ,导致在处理函数图象变换的问题中出现错误 ,下面列举学生在练习中几种常见错误 ,关剖析错因 .错误 1　函数 ｙ =ｆ( -ｘ ａ)的图象是函数 ｙ=ｆ( -ｘ)的图象沿ｘ轴右移 (ａ <0 )或左移 (ａ >0 )|ａ|个单位而得到 .剖析　函数图象的左右平移的根据是自变量ｘ发生变化情况 ,而错误 1中确定图象变换是根据中间变量 -ｘ的变化而非ｘ的变化 .正确结论为 :ｙ =ｆ( -ｘ ａ) =ｆ[- (ｘ -ａ) ]的图象是 ｙ =ｆ[- (ｘ) ]的图象沿ｘ轴左移 (ａ <0 )或右移 (ａ >0 ) |ａ|个单位而得到 .错误 2　函数 ｙ =ｆ(ｘ -ａ)的图象与函数ｙ =…     

函数问题中的减元思想

在函数问题中 ,当变元出现的次数不止一次时 ,我们就不便于作出函数的图象或讨论函数的性质 .因此经常需要减少变元出现的次数 ,直至其仅仅出现一次 .这就是减元的思想 .减元类似于消元而又不同于消元 .现将几类常见函数减元的思想方法作一总结 :1　一元二次函数ｙ =ａｘ2 ｂｘ ｃ(ａ≠ 0 )其减元的方法就是配方 :ｙ =ａｘ ｂ2ａ2 4ａｃ-ｂ24ａ例 1　设函数ｙ=ｘ-ａ ｂ-ｘ的最大值为Ｍ ,最小值为ｍ .求证 :Ｍ =2ｍ(其中ａ、ｂ是常数且ａ<ｂ) .证明　函数的定义域为 {ｘ｜ａ≤ｘ≤ｂ}∵ｙ2 =(ｂ -ａ) 2 (ｘ-ａ) (ｂ -ｘ)=ｂ-ａ 2 -ｘ - …     

亚纯函数的正规族与正规函数

本文讨论了正规族和正规函数之间的联系．设Ｆ为单位圆盘面△上的一族亚纯函数．若对每一ｆ∈Ｆ在△是成立,则存在正数 Ｍ＝其中ａ１;ａ２和ａ３是有限复数,Ｍ仅与ａ１,ａ２和ａ３有关．     

构造法分析一高考函数题的单调性

20 0 0年高考 (理工农医类 )第 19题第Ⅱ问 :“设函数ｆ(ｘ) =ｘ2 1-ａｘ ,其中ａ >0 ,求ａ的取值范围 ,使函数ｆ(ｘ)在 [0 , ∞ )上是单调函数 .”1　转化为等价问题处理若令ｘ =ｔｇθ ,θ∈ (-π2 ,π2 ) ,则高考题等价于 :设函数ｇ(θ) =(1-ａｓｉｎθ)ｃｏｓθ ,其中ａ>0 ,求ａ的取值范围 ,使函数ｇ(θ)在 [0 ,π2 )上是单调函数 .下面用构造法比较直观地给出等价问题的分析 :ｇ(θ) =(-ａ)·(ｓｉｎθ -1ａ)ｃｏｓθ =(-ａ)·ｋ(θ) ,其中ｋ(θ) =(ｓｉｎθ -1ａ)ｃｏｓθ ,ａ >0 ,θ∈[0 ,π2 ) .构造两点Ｍ (0 ,1ａ) ,Ｎ (ｃｏｓ…     

函数图象的对称性与函数的周期性

拜读了《数学通讯》1999年第 7期逄坤敬老师《有关函数周期性的几个结论》一文 ,很受启发 ,由此联想到函数图象的对称性与函数周期性的关系 .原文得出的三个结论为 :结论 1　如果定义在Ｒ上的函数ｆ(ｘ) 是偶函数 ,且ｘ =ａ (ａ≠ 0 )是它的一条对称轴 ,则 ｆ(ｘ) 必是周期函数 .结论 2　如果定义在Ｒ上的函数ｆ(ｘ) 是奇函数 ,且ｘ =ａ (ａ≠ 0 )是它的一条对称轴 ,则 ｆ(ｘ) 必是周期函数 .结论 3　定义在Ｒ上的函数ｆ(ｘ) 有两条对称轴ｘ =ａ和ｘ =ｂ (ａ≠ｂ ,ａ ,ｂ中至少有一个不为零 ) ,则ｆ(ｘ) 是周期函数 .对于结论 3,若ａ ,ｂ中…     

关于Hurwitz zeta—函数的四次均值

对ｓ＝σ＋ｉｔ，ζ（ｓ，ａ）是Ｈｕｒｗｉｔｚｚｅｔａ－函数，ζ１（ｓ，ａ）＝ζ（ｓａ）－ａ＾－ｓ，。本文的主要目的是用解析的方法给出了Ｈｕｒｗｉｔｚｚｅｔａ－函数四次均值较强的渐近公式。     

二次函数图象及性质

一、启发提问１．形状如ｙ＝ａｘ２这样的函数叫什么函数,其中ａ的条件是什么？２．二次函数ｙ＝ａｘ２（ａ≠０）的图象是一条以点为顶点,以为对称轴的一条．３．二次函数ｙ＝ａｘ２（ａ≠０）的开口方向由确定．当ａ＞０时,开口;当ａ＜０时,开口．二、读书指导１．对于形如ｙ＝ａｘ２（ａ≠０）这样的函数,我们叫做二次函数,而ｙ＝ａｘ２（ａ≠０）是二次函数中最简单的形式,我们称它为最简式．２．函数ｙ＝ａｘ２（ａ≠０）．自变量ｘ的取值范围是全体实数,由ｘ２≥０可知当ａ＞０时,函数值ｙ≥０;当ａ＜０时,函数值ｙ≤０．…     

连续统与Turing度

令Ｄ为所有Ｔｕｒｉｎｇ度的集合，≤为Ｄ上的图林化归关系．一函数ｆ：Ｄ→Ｄ称为前进函数如果对任何ａ∈Ｄ，ａ≤ｆ（ａ）。对于一个前进函数ｆ，我们说Ｄ中的两个度ａ，ｂ是ｆ－不可比较的，如果ａ≮ｆ（ｂ）且ｂ ≮ｆ（ａ），否则是ｆ－可比较的．本文的一个主要结果是：在ＺＦＣ中连续统假设成立当且仅当存在一个前进函数ｆ：Ｄ→Ｄ使得Ｄ中任何两个度都是ｆ－可比较的.     

关于二次函数

形如 ｙ =ａｘ2 ｂｘ ｃ (ａ≠ 0 )的函数被称为二次函数 .这里的ａ非常重要 ,决定着二次函数的特征 .首先 ,ａ≠ 0 ,也就是说当ａ =0时 ,它就不是二次函数 ,如果你要用二次函数的性质解决问题 ,你就得对ａ≠ 0作出判定或者给出限定 ,也就是分类讨论 .其次 ,ａ的符号决定着函数图象———抛物线的开口方向 ,从而决定着函数的单调性和凸凹性 .其三 ,|ａ|的大小决定着抛物线开口的大小 ,|ａ|越大时 ,抛物线的开口越小 .不论ｂ ,ｃ为何值 ,只要 |ａ|相等 ,所有抛物线都是全等的 .再看ｂ ,ｃ的作用 .ｂ ,ｃ与ａ一起 ,决定抛物线的位置 ,抛物线…     

抽象函数关系给出的对称性与周期性

命题１设函数ｙ＝ｆ（ｘ）的定义域为Ｒ,且满足条件ｆ（ａ＋ｘ）＝ｆ（ｂ－ｘ）,则函数ｙ＝ｆ（ｘ）的图象关于直线ｘ＝ａ＋ｂ２成轴对称．证明设函数ｙ＝ｆ（ｘ）图象上任一点为Ｐ′（ｘ′,ｙ′）,它关于直线ｘ＝ａ＋ｂ２的对称点为Ｐ（ｘ,ｙ）,则ｘ＝ａ＋ｂ－ｘ′...     

Conceptualizations of slope in Mexican intended curriculum

Slope is a fundamental mathematics concept in middle and high school that transcends to the university level. An understanding of slope is needed at the university level since slope plays an important role in understanding problems involving variation and change. In this study Mexican curricula documents were examined to determine which conceptualizations of slope are addressed in the intended mathematics curriculum. To explain the results, we use conceptualizations of slope identified in previous research. Our findings reveal that, to a certain extent, the conceptualizations proposed in the Mexican intended mathematics curriculum differ slightly in terms of the emphasis and timing of instruction from what others have identified in the U.S., with slope as a geometric ratio receiving less emphasis in the Mexican curriculum. There was also noted discontinuity within the Mexican curriculum in introducing slope in grade 9 and subsequently introducing of linear functions in grade 10 without explicit mention of slope. Suggestions are made for future studies, both to consider the conceptualizations of slope promoted in the Mexican textbooks and the impact they have in classroom instruction and student learning of slope.     

火灾发生的周期性规律及其在火灾非线性组合预测模型中应用

研究火灾发生规律及发展趋势,具有实用价值.分析历年中国火灾统计数据,发现中国火灾的发生规律同时具有增长趋势性和周期波动性特征:①中国火灾从90年代开始大幅度增加,在2002年达到最大,然后逐年缓慢下降;②每年12个月呈正弦函数波动,周期为12,1、2月发生起数最大,8、9月最小.借助于M ATLAB软件,根据2000-2006年中国火灾统计数据,建立火灾的月发生起数的非线性周期性组合预测模型,预测值与实际值的平均相对误差小于0.07.研究结论为消防研究、消防部门决策提供科学依据.     

On slice hyperholomorphic fractional Hardy spaces

In this paper we introduce and study the fractional Hardy spaces of the half space and of the unit ball in the quaternionic setting. In particular, we discuss their properties of invariance and of factorization in terms of functions in the Hardy space of the half space in the first case, and in terms of a suitable reproducing kernel Hilbert space in the case of the unit ball.     

Scan Statistics on Enron Graphs

We introduce a theory of scan statistics on graphs and apply the ideas to the problem of anomaly detection in a time series of Enron email graphs. Previous presentation: Workshop on Link Analysis, Counterterrorism and Security at the SIAM International Conference on Data Mining, Newport Beach, CA, April 23, 2005. Carey E. Priebe received the B.S. degree in mathematics from Purdue University in 1984, the M.S. degree in computer science from San Diego State University in 1988, and the Ph.D. degree in information technology (computational statistics) from George Mason University in 1993. From 1985 to 1994 he worked as a mathematician and scientist in the US Navy research and development laboratory system. Since 1994 he has been a professor in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland. At Johns Hopkins, he holds joint appointments in the Department of Computer Science and the Center for Imaging Science. He is a past President of the Interface Foundation of North America—Computing Science & Statistics, a past Chair of the Section on Statistical Computing of the American Statistical Association, and on the editorial boards of Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics, Computational Statistics and Data Analysis, and Computational Statistics. His research interests are in computational statistics, kernel and mixture estimates, statistical pattern recognition, statistical image analysis, and statistical inference for high-dimensional and graph data. He was elected Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 2002. John M. Conroy received a B.S. in Mathematics from Saint Joseph's University in 1980 and a Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics from the University of Maryland in 1986. Since then he has been a research staff member for the IDA Center for Computing Sciences in Bowie, MD. His research interest is applications of numerical linear algebra. He is a member of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), and the Association for Computational Linguistics. David J. Marchette received a B.A. in 1980, and an M.A. in mathematics in 1982, from the University of California at San Diego. He received a Ph.D. in Computational Sciences and Informatics in 1996 from George Mason University under the direction of Ed Wegman. From 1985–1994 he worked at the Naval Ocean Systems Center in San Diego doing research on pattern recognition and computational statistics. In 1994 he moved to the Naval Surface Warfare Center in Dahlgren Virginia where he does research in computational statistics and pattern recognition, primarily applied to image processing, text processing, automatic target recognition and computer security. Dr. Marchette is a Fellow of the American Statistical Society. Youngser Park received the B.E. degree in electrical engineering from Inha University in Korea in 1985, the M.S. degree in computer science from The George Washington University in 1991, and had pursued a doctoral degree there. From 1998 to 2000 he worked at the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutes as a senior research engineer. Since 2003 he is working as a research analyst in the Center for Imaging Science at the Johns Hopkins University. His research interests are clustering algorithm, pattern classification, and data mining.     

强化学习在运筹学的应用:研究进展与展望

强化学习已经成为人工智能领域一个新的研究热点,并已成功应用于各领域,强化学习将运筹优化领域的很多问题视为序贯决策问题,建模为马尔可夫决策过程并进行求解,在求解复杂、动态、随机运筹优化问题具有较大的优势。本文主要对强化学习在运筹优化领域的应用进行综述,首先介绍了强化学习的基本原理及其应用于运筹优化领域的研究框架,然后回顾并总结了强化学习在库存控制、路径优化、装箱配载和车间作业调度等方面的研究成果,并将最新的深度强化学习以及传统方法在运筹学领域的应用研究进行了对比分析,以突出深度强化学习的优越性。最后提出几个值得进一步探讨的研究方向,期望能为强化学习在运筹优化领域的研究提供参考。     

商科型高校理工类研究生创新能力的培养

目前,研究生教育处于我国高等教育的最高层次,肩负着为国家发展培养高技术专业型人才的重要任务.尤其是在各国竞争愈发激烈的今天,理工类研究生更是在未来国家现代化建设、科技创新中发挥着重要作用.但是,由于近几年研究生招生规模的逐渐扩大,研究生的培养模式、培养质量等方面出现了许多亟待解决的问题.从商科型高校理工类研究生的培养现状出发,通过运用文献法和归纳法,本文对当前研究生培养过程中存在的问题进行分析,并针对学生创新能力的培养,从学校、导师和学生自身三方面给出了相应的解决措施,着重强调了数学建模在理工类研究生创新能力培养过程中所发挥的重要作用.最后,以湖南工商大学近几年在理工类研究生创新能力培养实践中所采取的主要举措以及取得的成效来进一步论证本文所提出措施的有效性.     

CFD simulation of gas–solid flow with a cluster structure-dependent drag coefficient model in circulating fluidized beds

To model the effect of clusters on hydrodynamics of gas and particles phases in risers, the interfacial drag coefficient is taken into account in computational fluid dynamic simulations by means of a two-fluid model. The momentum and energy balances that characterize the clusters in the dense phase and dispersed particles in the dilute phase are described by the multi-scale resolution approach. The model of cluster structure-dependent (CSD) drag coefficient is proposed on the basis of the minimization of energy dissipation by heterogeneous drag (MEDHD) in the full range of Reynolds number. The model of CSD drag coefficient is then incorporated into the two-fluid model to simulate flow behavior of gas and particles in a riser. The distributions of volume fraction and velocity of particles are predicted. Simulated results are in agreement with experimental data published in the literature.     

Bootstrap and empirical likelihood methods in extremes

One of the major interests in extreme-value statistics is to infer the tail properties of the distribution functions in the domain of attraction of an extreme-value distribution and to predict rare events. In recent years, much effort in developing new methodologies has been made by many researchers in this area so as to diminish the impact of the bias in the estimation and achieve some asymptotic optimality in inference problems such as estimating the optimal sample fractions and constructing confidence intervals of various quantities. In particular, bootstrap and empirical likelihood methods, which have been widely used in many areas of statistics, have drawn attention. This paper reviews some novel applications of the bootstrap and the empirical likelihood techniques in extreme-value statistics. Dedicated to Professor Laurens de Haan on the occasion of his 70th birthday.     

基于平行DEA模型的我国小学教育资源配置效率分析

小学教育是教育阶段的基础,也是我国强制教育的一部分。但如何在各省份性别比例相差较大的情况下,更加有效的提高各省份小学教育资源配置效率是一个值得思考的问题。为了避免性别带来的影响,可以通过平行结构DEA模型根据学生性别分为两个平行子系统,来衡量我国2012~2018年各省份小学教育的资源配置情况。研究发现大部分省份小学教育资源配置的总系统效率未达到有效边界,仍有需要改进的地方。男学生在小学教育阶段的效率通常优于女学生在小学教育阶段的效率,但随着近些年我国教育体制的日益完善,女学生在小学教育阶段的效率呈上升趋势。此外,我国西部地区的小学教育资源配置效率在一些年份普遍优于东部和中部地区,而中部地区和东部地区小学教育总系统效率相对稳定,西部地区小学教育总系统效率波动较大。     

The effect of the 4MAT method (learning styles and brain hemispheres) of instruction on achievement in mathematics

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficiency of 4MAT method of instruction in which learning style and cerebral hemispheres are taken into account in teaching the binary operation and its properties in mathematics. The sample of this study comprised 58 ninth grade students in two separate classes in a high school. One of the classes was selected as the experimental group in which 4MAT method of instruction was used; and the other class was selected as the control group in which the traditional teaching was given, and this selection was performed randomly. The data have been obtained primarily from three scales, namely ‘mathematical knowledge test’, ‘mathematical attitude scale’ and ‘knowledge test on binary operation and its properties’. It has been determined that 4MAT method of instruction was more efficient than the traditional method in teaching of the binary operation subject in mathematics.