基于声偶极辐射的磁感应磁声层析成像研究

基于声偶极辐射模型提出磁感应磁声层析成像理论来解决点声源理论所不能解释的边界信号和反相振动问题,理论分析了洛伦茨力引起的一维组织振动和自由空间的三维声偶极辐射,推导了磁声激发、磁声衍射传播和换能器磁声波形接收的解析公式。对二层柱状组织模型进行的数值模拟和实验测量结果证明声偶极传播的指向性会使磁声信号在不同传播方向上产生衰减,接收到的磁声波形在声压突变处产生反映电阻抗分布边界信息的脉冲串,重构的层析图像显示不同电阻抗组织的外形和尺寸。本研究为磁感应磁声层析成像技术在医学成像中组织电阻抗分布的重建提供了理论基础。     

Reception pattern influence on magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction

Based on the acoustic radiation theory of a dipole source,the influence of the transducer reception pattern is studied for magnetoacoustic tomography with magnetic induction(MAT-MI).Numerical studies are conducted to simulate acoustic pressures,waveforms,and reconstructed images with unidirectional,omnidirectional,and strong directional transducers.With the analyses of equivalent and projection sources,the influences of the model dimension and the layer effect are qualitatively analyzed to evaluate the performance of MAT-MI.Three-dimensional simulation studies show that the strong directional transducer with a large radius can reduce the influences of equivalent sources,projection sources,and the layer effect effectively,resulting in enhanced pressure and improved image contrast,which is beneficial for boundary pressure extraction in conductivity reconstruction.The reconstructed conductivity contrast images present the conductivity boundaries as stripes with different contrasts and polarities,representing the values and directions of the conductivity changes of the scanned layer.The favorable results provide solid evidence for transducer selection and suggest potential practical applications of MAT-MI in biomedical imaging.     

Boundary normal pressure-based electrical conductivity reconstruction for magneto–acoustic tomography with magnetic induction

As a kind of multi-physics imaging approach integrating the advantages of electrical impedance tomography and ultrasound imaging with the improved spatial resolution and image contrast, magneto–acoustic tomography with magnetic induction(MAT-MI) is demonstrated to have the capability of electrical impedance contrast imaging for biological tissues with conductivity differences. By being detected with a strong directional transducer, abrupt pressure change is proved to be generated by the gradient of the induced Lorentz force along the force direction at conductivity boundary. A simplified boundary normal pressure(BNP)-based conductivity reconstruction algorithm is proposed and the formula for conductivity distribution inside the object with the clear physical meaning of pressure derivative, is derived. Numerical simulations of acoustic pressure and conductivity reconstruction are conducted based on a 2-layer eccentric cylindrical phantom model using Hilbert transform. The reconstructed two-dimensional conductivity images accord well with the model, thus successfully making up the deficiency of only imaging conductivity boundary in traditional MAT-MI. The proposed method is also demonstrated to have a spatial resolution of one wavelength. This study provides a new method of reconstructing accurate electrical conductivity and suggests the potential applications of MAT-MI in imaging biological tissues with conductivity difference.     

Acoustic radiation from a drop due to its nonlinear vibrations

It is shown that the intensity of acoustic radiation from a vibrating drop depends mainly on the monopole and dipole components appearing only in the second order of smallness in vibration amplitude. The intensity of the quadrupole acoustic radiation generated by the vibration fundamental mode in the first order of smallness in amplitude turns out to be much weaker. This is associated with the fact that, if the acoustic wavelength is much larger than the drop characteristic size, their ratio becomes a governing small parameter, being lesser than the ratio of the drop vibration amplitude to the drop linear size. Analytical estimates of the amplitudes of monopole, dipole, and quadrupole components of the velocity field associated with the acoustic field of the drop.     

电导率各向异性金属薄板感应式磁声图像的仿真

为了给金属薄板感应式磁声(MAT-MI)成像算法的研究提供数据源,提出一种电导率各向异性金属薄板表面MAT-MI图像的数值仿真方法。建立含缺陷的电导率各向异性金属薄板仿真模型,并将其置于静磁场中。将通入交变电流的折线线圈置于金属薄板上方,对金属薄板在静磁场和交变磁场共同作用下产生的感应涡流以及声源(即洛伦兹力)进行数值仿真,得到金属薄板表面波位移分布的灰度图像。仿真实验结果表明,根据表面波位移在缺陷处迅速衰减的特性,可从图像中准确地识别并定位金属薄板表面的缺陷。忽略金属材料的电导率各向异性会降低成像质量,进而导致对缺陷的误判。通过提高表面波位移信号的信噪比可改善成像质量。减小提高距离或增大激励电流频率,可提高系统对微小缺陷和不规则缺陷检测的分辨力。     

Using Helmholtz resonator arrays to improve dipole transmission efficiency in waveguide

It is well known that the radiation efficiency of an acoustic dipole is very low, increasing the radiation efficiency of an acoustic dipole is a difficult task, especially in an ordinary waveguide.In addition, current acoustic superlenses all utilize in-phase sources to do the super-resolution imaging, it is almost impossible to realize super-resolution imaging of an acoustic dipole.In this paper, after using the Helmholtz resonator arrays(HRAs) which are placed at the upper and lower surfaces of the waveguide, we observe a large dipole radiation efficiency at the certain frequency, which gives a method to observe an acoustic dipole in the far field and offers a novel model which is promising to realize the superlens with a source of an acoustic dipole.We discuss how the arrangement of HRAs affects the transmission of the acoustic dipole.     

Sound radiation by distributed quadrupole sources near rigid bodies

An approach is proposed to describe the multipole structure of the sound field radiated as a turbulent jet streamlines a transverse circular cylinder of small diameter, which makes it possible to study the experimentally revealed effect of the dipole radiation shift. It is shown that different methods of acoustic measurements can lead to different determinations of the dipole radiation shift. It is demonstrated that to correctly describe the effect of the dipole radiation shift it is necessary to take into account the phase characteristics of different sources in the field of a turbulent flow; i.e., taking into account the state of distribution of the source is of fundamental importance for calculating the dipole radiation shift.     

弯曲振动阶梯圆盘辐射阻抗的计算方法

辐射阻抗是描述声学振动系统声转换效率的一个重要物理量.具有强功率的阶梯圆盘辐射器在流体介质,尤其是在空气中有着重要的应用.但对阶梯圆盘的辐射阻抗而言,运用传统理论计算时,由于辐射面不在同一几何面,积分上下限很难选取而无法计算.本文从辐射声功率角度,基于叠加原理,提出了利用叠加法计算阶梯盘的辐射阻抗.作为算例,文中计算了带有一个阶梯的阶梯盘的辐射阻抗. 关键词： 阶梯圆盘 辐射功率 辐射阻抗 叠加原理     

结构声辐射的振动模态分析和声辐射模态分析研究

基于辐射声功率的二次型表达式,采用有限元法、Rayleigh积分和边界元法对结构声辐射进行了振动模态分析和声辐射模态分析研究。振动模态间的耦合对辐射声功率影响的研究表明:结构各阶振动模态自身对结构辐射声功率的贡献是增大结构的辐射声功率,而振动模态间的耦合可能会增大结构辐射声功率,也可能会减小结构辐射声功率,或对辐射声功率没有影响。而且,当振动模态间的耦合作用对辐射声功率的影响不大时,采用振动模态控制可取得较好的减振降噪双重控制效果。将混合的Helmholtz积分方程方法用广义逆引入到三维复杂结构声辐射分析的声辐射模态公式中,解决了特征频率下解不唯一问题。还研究了正方形封闭空间结构声辐射模态的辐射效率和形状,并对结构声辐射的振动模态控制和声辐射模态控制进行了讨论。     

Vortex sound due to a flexible boundary backed by a cavity in a low mach number mean flow

Low frequency sound radiated due to the unsteady motion of an inviscid vortex in the proximity of a flexible membrane backed by an airtight cavity on an otherwise rigid plane is investigated theoretically. Results show that both monopole and dipole are created but the latter is important only when the vortex is traversing over the membrane. The monopole results from the membrane vibration and the dipole from the transverse motion of the vortex. It is also found that these sound fields tend to counteract each other. The increase in the mean flow speed in general results in a stronger acoustic power radiation, but sound attenuation may be possible if the membrane-cavity system is weak compared with the mean flow momentum.     

Efficient semi-analytical methods for the vibration response of and acoustic radiation from a periodical orthogonally rib-stiffened plate

In order to theoretically predict and analyze the vibration response and acoustic radiation characteristics of a periodical orthogonally rib-stiffened plate,its vibro-acoustic equations of an underwater infinite model are established.The rib-stiffened plate is stimulated by a harmonic plane pressure.By using the Fourier transforms,Poisson's summation formula and space harmonic method,the structural vibration response and acoustic radiation pressure are expressed as functions of displacement harmonic components.Efficient semi-analytical methods are proposed in this work,and then approximate solutions for finite terms of the harmonic components are obtained by employing the truncation technique.Effects of the vibration response,rib spacing and torsional moment of the ribs on the radiation pressure are examined,and the validity of the present methods is also verified.Theoretical results show that the torsional moment of the ribs affects the modal frequencies of the stiffened plate,which should not be neglected in engineering applications with high precision requirement.With attachment of the ribs to the thin plate,its far field radiation pressure can be reduced in the low frequency range by adjusting rib spacing and cross sectional size of the ribs.     

Structure normal velocity reconstruction withsparse measurement points

To achieve normal velocity reconstruction of a vibrating surface with sparse measurement points, a reconstruction method is proposed by exploiting of acoustic radiation modes as expansion functions, which are capable of describing the geometric shape of a vibrating surface. Firstly, acoustic radiation modes of the vibrating surface are calculated and the relationship between normal velocity and acoustic radiation modes is built. Then actual measured normal velocity values are expressed by corresponding acoustic radiation modes and the expansion coefficients are calculated. Subsequently, all normal velocity values can be reconstructed by the obtained expansion coefficients. Experimental validations have been performed by a double-layer steel cylindrical shell with enclosed ends in.an anechoic water tank. Two cases with different wavenumber components distribution were designed by a vibration shaker and a rotor device respectively. Two experimental results both show that actual vibration distribution cannot be revealed exactly by the sparse measurement points, which corresponds to severe loss of vibration related wavenumber components. On the other hand, normal velocity and corresponding wavenumber components can be restored accurately in both two wavenumber components distribution cases according to the proposed method, which demonstrates obvious effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Transient acoustic radiation from impacted beam-like structures

Transient acoustic radiation from transverse vibrations of beams and beam-like structures is obtained by modelling the structure as a series of contiguous dipoles. A time-dependent expression is developed for sound radiation from a dipole source by Fourier synthesis. Acoustic radiation from the beam is obtained by integrating the sound pressure from the differential dipole elements over the beam length. Time-dependent integration limits are used to account for the transient effects. An analogous discrete formulation is described for beams of arbitrary geometry and density. The radiation patterns of a uniform unbaffled beam are given for frequencies below and above the critical frequency. The results are applied to model the sound radiation from an impact-excited beam.     

结构振动和声辐射的可控性和可观性指标

结构振动和声辐射的可控性和可观性指标对有源控制系统作动器/传感器的布置具有重要意义。对结构振动和声辐射的可控性和可观性指标进行了研究,提出了基于声压输出的振动模态可观性指标,在振动模态可控性和可观性指标的基础上,结合振动模态的声辐射效率,提出了结构声辐射的可控性和可观性指标和基于声压输出的可观性指标。以板结构为例,对结构振动和声辐射的可控性和可观性指标进行了计算分析和讨论,比较了基于声压输出和基于振动响应输出的振动模态可观性,重点研究了基于声压输出的振动模态可观性和结构振动及声辐射的可观性特点,最后对指标值在结构声有源控制中输入(输出)位置选择上的应用进行了讨论和比较,通过数值仿真对指标的有效性进行了验证。     

Controllability and observability measures of structural vibration and acoustic radiation

This paper studies the controllability and observability measures of structural vi?bration and acoustic radiation and proposes a measure of modal observability based on acoustic pressure outputs and measures of controllability and observability of acoustic radiation by combining the measures of modal controllability and observability of vibration modes with corresponding modal acoustic radiation efficiencies. A plate with control force inputs and vibrational response outputs and acoustic pressure outputs is involved to show the modal controllability and observability measures of vibration modes and measures of controllability and observabil?ity of structural vibration and acoustic radiation. Observability measures based on vibrational response outputs and acoustic pressure outputs are compared and the emphasis is on the mea?sures based on the acoustic pressure outputs. Finally the application and usefulness of the controllability and observability measures to active control of structural vibration and acous?tic radiation are illustrated and compared. It shows that the controllability and observability measures provide useful guidance for active control design especially in optimal actuator and sensor placement.     

源于边界层转捩区的单极子声辐射

基于 Lighthill方程和 Green理论,本文对边界层转捩区声辐射机理进行了分析和讨论,并对转捩区内各声源的基本类型作了分类.分析结果表明;边界层转捩区的声辐射由转捩区内处于完全湍流状态的流体流动引起的向边界展外辐射的声场以及另两个附加声场组成;边界层转捩区声源的主要类型为单极子、偶极子和四极子声源;本文的分析为Lauchle模型提供了理论依据,证明了利用Lauchle模型估算转捩区远场声辐射基本准确可靠.     

正交偶极声波测井换能器有限元分析*

三叠片型换能器是正交偶极声波测井仪器的重要组成部分。换能器的性能直接影响声波测井数据的质量。本文在前人工作基础上,针对三叠片型声波测井发射换能器长度方向的一阶弯曲振动工作模式,利用有限元方法,模拟了换能器结构尺寸和边界条件变化对换能器性能的影响。结果显示,结构尺寸和边界条件对换能器的谐振频率和电导值均有不同程度的影响。参考数值模拟结果,选取合适的结构尺寸参数和边界固定方式,可以调整和选择正交偶极声波测井仪器发射换能器工作频率和最大发射效率。本文研究结果对三叠片型换能器的优化设计有较好的指导意义。     

Reduction of sound radiation by using force radiation modes

The location of a vibration source within a machine is sometimes found to have a significant effect upon its radiated acoustic power. It is known that a simple reduction of vibration cannot always reduce the radiated acoustic power, so that treatments based on analysis of a structure’s vibration modes are not always effective. At the same time, radiation mode analysis is known to be a powerful tool for interpreting sound radiation since those modes are independent of a structure’s surface vibration. However, knowledge of the radiation modes alone cannot be used directly to understand the relationship between vibration source location and acoustic power radiation. In this paper, it is shown that the radiation mode concept can be extended to understand the relationship between acoustic power and driving force distribution by considering the product of the structure’s mobility matrix and the radiation modes: the resulting functions are here defined to be force radiation modes (f_rad-modes). An example is presented in which the acoustic power radiated by a simply-supported, baffled beam is reduced by using guidance provided by the structure’s force radiation modes. The results demonstrate that the force radiation modes can be used to guide the reduction of radiated acoustic power by changing the driving force location without the need to perform additional calculations or experiments.     

STUDY ON THE RADIATION ACOUSTIC FIELD OF RECTANGULAR RADIATORS IN FLEXURAL VIBRATION

In this paper, the radiation acoustic field of a rectangular radiator in flexural vibration is studied. The radiator is a rectangular thin plate in flexural vibration with simply supported boundary conditions. Based on the theory of Rayleigh integral, the acoustic pressure distribution of the radiator in its far field is obtained analytically and the near acoustic field of the radiator is also computed numerically. In the near field, the three-dimensional acoustic pressure distribution is obtained. In the far field, the two- and three-dimensional acoustic pressure distribution patterns are calculated. The dependence of the radiation acoustic pressure of the radiator on the vibrational order of the plate in flexural vibration is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the radiation acoustic pressure along the central axis of the radiator is always zero in the near and far acoustic fields, and the radiation near acoustic field and the far acoustic field are both directional. This is different from the acoustic field generated by an oscillating piston. On the other hand, when the vibrational order is increased, the acoustic pressure distribution of the radiator becomes complex.     

散热片对变压器声辐射的影响及优化分析

油浸式配电变压器表面布有大量散热片结构,使得油箱振动声辐射变得复杂.该文研究了散热片结构对油浸式变压器辐射声场的影响,在此基础上提出了散热片结构尺寸的优化措施.建立了考虑流固耦合的变压器振动和声学分析模型,提出了散热片声场效应评判准则,基于模态分析和频响分析探讨了散热片对变压器振动声辐射影响的振动效应、声源效应和声障效...