点源异位同步移相法检测平行平晶的光学均匀性

为了避免平行平晶测量时前后表面干涉的影响,基于点源异位同步移相原理,提出一种均匀性绝对测量方法.测量分为平行平晶前后表面干涉测量、平晶透射波前测量、干涉仪空腔测量三步.每步通过在同一时刻抓拍的四幅移相干涉图恢复波前,最终由三次测量结果计算平行平晶的均匀性分布.在非抗振平台上测试了一块厚度为60mm的光学平行平晶,被测样品均匀性偏差的峰谷值为ΔnPV=3.32×10~(-6),均方根值为ΔnRMS=2.63×10~(-7).检测结果与波长调谐干涉仪测量结果的峰谷值偏差为ΔPV=5×10~(-7),均方根值偏差为ΔRMS=-7×10~(-9),具有较高的一致性.所提方法在环境振动条件下对平行平晶均匀性检测精度可达1×10~(-6).     

光学材料光学不均匀性绝对测量误差分析

绝对测量技术去除了干涉仪参考面面形误差,可实现光学材料光学不均匀性的高精度测量。对现有主要光学材料光学不均匀性绝对检测技术进行了总结比较,针对像素错位、干涉图分辨率、干涉仪测量重复性、样品厚度以及折射率测量等因素对光学不均匀性绝对检测的影响进行了实验分析。实验结果表明:干涉仪重复性是光学不均匀性测量的主要误差。样品翻转测量法、样品直接透射测量法、平行平板样品测量法3种测量方法均可实现光学不均匀性（RMS）10-8检测精度。     

光学玻璃光学均匀性高精度测量技术

高质量的透射光学系统对光学材料的光学均匀性要求非常高 ,材料局部折射率 10 -6 量级的变化就可能破坏整个系统的性能。详细介绍了三种用于测量光学玻璃光学均匀性的干涉法 ,研制了一台高精度光学玻璃材料光学均匀性测量仪。实验结果表明 :40mm左右厚的光学玻璃材料的光学均匀性检测精度可达 1× 10 -6 。     

OCT图像法测量折射率

基于光程匹配原理提出了一种用光学相干断层成像(OCT)系统获得的图像测量样品折射率的方法。通过分析光程匹配原理,给出用OCT图像法测量样品折射率的原理及过程。以玻璃载波片和黄瓜组织为样品进行实验。实验结果表明,用OCT图像法获得的载玻片和黄瓜组织的折射率测量值分别为1.499和1.353,与发表或已知的折射率结果相吻合,测试结果的随机误差可小于0.01。另外,使用OCT图像法通过短时间所采集的两幅图像可对横向扫描任意位置的折射率同时进行测量。该方法进一步简化了基于光程匹配原理的折射率测量法的过程,缩短了测量时间,是一种快速测量样品折射率的实用方法。     

准相干干涉法测量光纤群折射率

介绍了用准相干干涉法测量光纤群折射率的方法。通过准相干干涉定位 ,用精密光栅数显系统测长 ,由计算机采集并处理数据获得一段短光纤的光学长度 ,然后利用常规精密测长手段测得其几何长度 ,从而得到光纤的群折射率。实验结果及误差分析得出 :测量不确定度优于 7× 10 -5(2σ)。     

光学材料光学均匀性的波长调谐两步绝对测量法

光学均匀性是光学材料的重要指标,目前高精度的测量方法一般采用绝对测量法,而该方法步骤繁琐,容易受环境影响。根据波长移相干涉仪的移相特点,提出了测量光学材料光学均匀性的波长调谐两步绝对测量法。该方法在波长移相干涉仪中通过平行平板放入测量和空腔测量两个步骤得到平行平板的光学均匀性。在模拟仿真验证方法的正确性后,进行了实验研究,并与传统的绝对测量法的测量结果进行比较。结果表明,波长调谐两步绝对测量法可用于测量平行平板的光学均匀性,且测量步骤简单,精度较高。     

基于子孔径拼接技术的大尺寸光学材料均匀性检测系统

为实现大尺寸光学材料折射率均匀性的高精度、低成本检测,提出一种基于子孔径拼接技术的干涉绝对测量方法,并研制了一套由Zygo干涉仪、五维气浮调整平台、子孔径拼接软件、计算机等组成的测量计算系统。待测件安放在精密的五维气浮调整架上,通过移动调整架来对各个子孔径区域进行精密检测,再利用子孔径拼接软件自动拼接计算出全口径待测件的光学均匀性分布。对直径为300mm的石英待测件进行了口径为180mm的8个子孔径拼接检测实验,并将拼接所得结果与全口径干涉仪直接测量的结果进行了分析和比较,波面峰谷值相对误差为0.21%,光学均匀性值相对误差为0.23%,精度与大口径干涉仪直接测量的精度相当,实现了绝对检验下的平面类波前子孔径拼接技术的实用化。整套系统集光、机、电、算于一体,操作简便,测量精度高。     

“干涉逼近法”测量液体折射率

提出了一种高精度测量液体折射率的新方法一“干涉逼近法”.这种方法可以在测量过程中监视被测液体温度不均匀性给测量带来的误差.由于受温度测量的限制,其测量液体折射率的不确定度在1×10~(-6)到4×10~(-5)(2σ)之间,具体值取决于液体折射率的温度系数.     

基于157 nm激光制作的微光纤F-P折射率传感器

分析了157 nm激光制作的光纤法珀折射率传感器的传感特性.采用干涉条纹计数的方法对法珀腔的反射光谱进行解调,避免了光强波动的影响,同时具有较宽的折射率(RI)范围.在0~70℃范围内25 μm的法珀腔腔长变化量为6.25 nm,等效折射率变化为~2.46×10－4.常温下对折射率范围为1.33~1.427的甘油（丙三醇）溶液进行了测量,实验结果曲线的相关系数为0.9951,测量准确度为~3.70×10－4.     

平行平板光学参数的快速高精度测量方法

提出一种基于特征多项式的波长移相干涉测量方法。首先,将该方法与两步绝对测量法结合,对多表面干涉技术进行理论研究;然后,以特征图和特征多项式理论为基础设计出一种加权多步波长移相算法,用于对平板的表面面形、光学厚度变化以及光学均匀性信息进行提取计算,并通过移相算法的评价函数及其傅里叶表达式展示了算法对误差的抗扰度;最后,将该算法与OPL算法进行对比。结果表明,所提方法在不同厚度平行平板光学均匀性的测量上具有速度快、精度高的优势。     

A Color Holographic Reconstruction System by Time Division Multiplexing with Reference Lights of Laser

3D-TV systems by holography technique have been studied in the world. In this paper, we report a color holographic reconstruction system by time division multiplexing method with reference lights of laser. The method can reconstruct a color holographic image by switching reference lights of red, green and blue colors at certain intervals. We can observe a color holographic image using red and green lasers as the reference lights, a high minute liquid crystal display (LCD) panel as a spatial light modulator (SLM) and electro-shutters as the shuttering device of the laser lights in the optical system. This approach has some advantages. Namely, the structure of the optical system can be simple and the number of LCD panels in the optical system can be decreased.     

共形光学系统瞬时视场外杂散光的分析及处理

针对空间成像光学系统的像质容易受到瞬时视场外杂散辐射的影响,利用杂散光分析软件建立一个共形光学系统光学机械结构模型,并对其进行反向光线追迹,从而确定出该系统中对瞬时视场外杂散辐射光的聚集贡献较大的关键表面及视场外杂散辐射光的主要传递路径.采用在系统中加入多级挡光环辅助结构的方式获得了100%的瞬时视场外杂散光屏蔽效果.该设计方案具有简单易行的特点.     

新型聚合物分散液晶相位光栅的制备

把具有光敏特性的预聚物与向列相液晶按一定比例混合 ,注入表面经过取向处理的液晶盒中。以紫外灯为光源 ,通过光掩膜法 ,使混合物在光场的引发下发生相分离 ,形成液晶 /聚合物相位光栅。由于相分离后液晶在取向膜的作用下沿液晶盒面方向旋转 180° ,克服了传统液晶光栅器件对入射光偏振方向的依赖 ,提高了光的有效利用率。采用光学显微镜和He Ne激光器进行测试 ,结果表明所制样品具有较好的栅结构 ,其衍射效率不受入射光偏振方向的影响且具有电场可调性。该光栅制作方法简便 ,驱动电压低 ,在光通信器件、衍射光学、投影显示、光开关等领域有广泛的应用前景     

生物组织单光程光谱技术的理论研究

高灵敏度光谱检测技术在临床诊疗和组织光学参数测量中具有极其重要的意义。文章提出了一种差分调制激光光谱技术,将经过生物组织后的散射光与参考光的光程差转换为光谱信号的频率特征,通过相敏检测技术将不同频率的信号进行分离,从而实现生物组织散射光的光程分离。文章分析了差分调制激光光谱的机理及信号的谱特征,并基于文献中的生物组织散射光的光程分布,从理论上讨论了差拍信号的谱特征,即光源调制速率一定时,光谱信号中的主频成分位置只与散射光和参考光的光程差有关;生物组织对光信号的衰减系数会影响光谱信号中频率成分的能量强度分布。分析结果表明,差分调制激光光谱能对生物组织的光谱信号进行光程分离,从而实现生物组织的单光程光谱检测。     

一维σ^＋—σ^—冷却光和再抽运光对多能级钠原子作用研究

表述了包含钠２４个磁能级的原子在一维σ＾＋－σ＾－冷却光和再抽运光中各磁子能级粒子分布随时间变化的公式及多普勒冷却力，计算并讨论了不同冷却光失谱情况，不同抽抽运光强和失谐情况下原子的多普勒冷却力的上能级粒子数占基态总粒子数的比例Ｐ（ｖ）随速度的变化，该模型的计算结果能解释在磁光陷阱（ＭＯＴ）实验中的现象和和为磁光陷阱实验选择参数时的参考。     

Measurements and removal of cerenkov light generated in scintillating fiber-optic sensor induced by high-energy electron beams using a spectrometer

In this study, we measured scintillating and Cerenkov lights generated in a scintillating fiber-optic sensor using highenergy electron beams and a spectrometer. The spectrum of Cerenkov light generated in a plastic optical fiber was measured with a spectrometer and the intensities of Cerenkov light were measured for irradiated lengths of the plastic optical fiber by integrating the photon counts at every wavelength of the spectrum. The intensities of Cerenkov and scintillating lights were also characterized as a function of the incident angle of an electron beam from a clinical linear accelerator (CLINAC). To minimize or remove Cerenkov light, a subtraction method was employed using a background optical fiber.     

Experimental study on polarization holographic storage in genetic mutant BR-D96N film

The information storage is developing toward high speed access and massive stor-age capacity. Optical holographic storage has not only high speed parallel data access and high addressing speed without mechanical motion but also high storage density with multiplexed volume holographic storage[1]. In recent years, optical holographic storage is studied intensely in the field of information storage. It has been shown that the polari-zation of light could also be recorded with polarization hologra…     

Basic characteristics of interference image obtained using spatially phase-modulated mirror array

Single-shot full-field optical coherence tomography (OCT) using spatially phase-modulated reference light has been proposed to achieve a higher sensitivity.16) The reference light can be generated by a spatially phase-modulated mirror array (SPMA). The basic characteristics of an interference image using SPMA have been demonstrated using a superluminescent diode (SLD) with a center wavelength of 840 nm as a popular low-coherence light source. SPMA consisted of a small mirror of 10 × 10 mm² and had a full area of 5 × 5mm². The magnifications in the reference arm were 3, 2, and 1. The corresponding magnifications in the signal arm were 18.1, 12.2, and 5.2. The ratios of the interference area to the full CCD area were 0.68, 0.32, and 0.13. Visibilities and ratios for calculations were measured at 0.38 (54%), 0.19 (28%), and 0.062 (8.2%). The periodical background noise was high owing to interferences with scattered lights from SPMA. From the spectra of signal intensity profiles in the subtracted image between two interference images, it was confirmed that the optical phase in the reference light was spatially and periodically modulated by SPMA.     

LED在飞机航行灯中的应用及光学设计案例分析

为了展示LED在航空领域的应用优势和前景,介绍了LED光源应用于飞机航行灯时,具有体积小、质量轻以及便于设计和维护等优点,阐述了LED用于飞机航行灯时的高安全性、高可靠性和高光学质量的要求。通过分析航行灯的光学分布要求,针对选取的LED设计了由TIR系统和棱镜系统组成的光学透镜,飞机航行灯光学模拟的结果显示,在光源功率不超过1 W的情况下,中心光强已经高于40 cd。     

Study on dynamic deformation synchronized measurement technology of double-layer liquid surfaces

Accurate measurement of the dynamic deformation of double-layer liquid surfaces plays an important role in many fields, such as fluid mechanics, biomechanics, petrochemical industry and aerospace engineering. It is difficult to measure dynamic deformation of double-layer liquid surfaces synchronously for traditional methods. In this paper, a novel and effective method for full-field static and dynamic deformation measurement of double-layer liquid surfaces has been developed, that is wavefront distortion of double-wavelength transmission light with geometric phase analysis (GPA) method. Double wavelength lattice patterns used here are produced by two techniques, one is by double wavelength laser, and the other is by liquid crystal display (LCD). The techniques combine the characteristics such as high transparency, low reflectivity and fluidity of liquid. Two color lattice patterns produced by laser and LCD were adjusted at a certain angle through the tested double-layer liquid surfaces simultaneously. On the basis of the refractive indexes difference of two transmitted lights, the double-layer liquid surfaces were decoupled with GPA method. Combined with the derived relationship between phase variation of transmission-lattice patterns and out-of plane heights of two surfaces, as well as considering the height curves of the liquid level, the double-layer liquid surfaces can be reconstructed successfully. Compared with the traditional measurement method, the developed method not only has the common advantages of the optical measurement methods, such as high-precision, full-field and non-contact, but also simple, low cost and easy to set up.