二苯甲酮晶体的过冷熔体生长及性能

本文采用过冷熔体法进行二苯甲酮晶体的生长实验,得到尺寸约为30mm×40mm×60mm的单晶.测定了单晶的光谱透射率、折射率及SHG系数,并与溶液法生长的结果进行比较,发现过冷熔体法生长的二苯甲酮单晶在近紫外到近红外波段具有更为优异的光学特性,适合用作YAG激光倍频晶体,也可用作黄绿波段激光调制器.     

连续铸造铜单晶的晶体取向与竞争生长

本文采用自制单晶连铸设备和X射线衍射方法研究连铸铜单晶的晶体取向与竞争生长.结果表明,在晶体演化过程中逐渐淘汰的晶面为(311)、(200)和(111),最后单晶生长的晶面为(200),连铸铜单晶的晶体生长方向为[100],晶体取向[100]与晶轴的偏离度小于10°.单晶生长时固液界面向熔体呈凸出形状,这有利于晶体生长过程中的竞争和淘汰.还发现了连铸铜单晶取向在一定范围内,并不是唯一取向的单晶.     

4-氨基二苯甲酮晶体的定向生长及光学性能研究

采用过冷熔体定向约束生长法生长了尺寸约为30 mm×14 mm×7 mm的块状4-氨基二苯甲酮晶体,并对生长晶体的光学均匀性、光学透过率、二次谐波转换效率以及激光损伤阈值等性能进行了测试.结果表明:定向生长的4-氨基二苯甲酮晶体在650~1200 nm波段内具有90;以上的光学透过率;最高二次谐波转换效率达到64.9;;单点激光脉冲损伤阈值分别为205.4 GW/cm2(输入光波为1064 nm)和267.2 GW/cm2(输入光波为532 nm).采用过冷熔体定向约束生长的4-氨基二苯甲酮晶体适合于用作Nd: YAG激光的二次倍频器件,也适合于用作650~1200 nm波段的光学调制器件.     

β-Zn3BPO7晶体的生长研究

采用泡生法生长β-Zn3BPO7(简称ZBP)晶体.用不同方向的籽晶进行晶体生长,分别得到了大尺寸的ZBP单晶.采取了适当措施有效地抑制了ZBP相变的发生,对生长得到的单晶进行X射线衍射分析,确定其为β-Zn3BPO7晶体.对得到的大尺寸单晶进行了形貌研究,并研究了ZBP晶体的生长习性.     

硅晶体生长速率与过冷度关系的分子动力学模拟研究

基于Tersoff势函数描述硅原子间的相互作用,运用分子动力学方法模拟研究了不同过冷度条件下硅晶体凝固生长速率.结果发现,在一定过冷度范围内,硅晶体的生长速率随过冷度的增大而呈先快速增大后缓慢减小的趋势,并最终趋于不生长.同时,运用Wilson-Frenkel模型从理论上对硅晶体生长速率与过冷度关系进行了预测,分子动力学模拟结果与Wilson-Frenkel模型预测结果基本吻合,表明了硅晶体沿[100]方向的生长是一种扩散型生长.     

三温区坩埚下降法生长硫镓银晶体

本文通过对硫镓银单晶生长习性的分析研究,设计组装了三温区单晶炉,采用三温区坩埚下降法生长出了外形完整、无裂纹的AgGaS2单晶体,尺寸达10mm×25mm.实验测定了AgGaS2晶体的差热分析曲线和红外透射谱,以及单晶{112}解理面的X射线衍射谱,结果表明生长晶体的质量较高.     

双掺杂TGS晶体——LUTGS

分别在58～54℃和45～38℃温区生长了完整的LUTGS单晶.揭示了两种晶体的生长习性.通过对两种晶体电滞回线、介电、热释电性能的测量,发现两温区生长的LUTGS单晶的热释电材料优值M(P/ε)无大差异,但都比纯TGS有显著提高.     

分子晶体马来酸氢十六酯的形貌分析

本文根据晶体结构数据,应用周期键链理论,分析了标题化合物的晶体形貌及生长习性,并应用原子-原子势能函数方法,用turbo c编程计算了各显露面的晶面接触能.结果表明,晶体中属于F面的单形有{001};属于S面的单形有{010},{100},{110}.由晶面接触能的大小可知该晶体成薄板状.理论分析与实际情况符合的较好.     

α-NiSO4·6H2O晶体生长与光学性质

用水溶液降温法生长出光学品级的α-NiSO4·6H2O大单晶,对晶体的透过光谱和(001)晶面的X射线衍射性能进行了测试和表征.     

化学计量比LiNbO3晶体宏观生长缺陷的观察

本文对采用双坩埚提拉法(DCCZ)生长的化学计量比LiNbO3晶体中出现的机械双晶、组分过冷、包裹体等宏观生长缺陷进行了观察和分析.结果表明机械双晶通常以{102}和{104}面族为双晶面,而不是以前文献报道的{102}和{012}面族;化学计量比LiNbO3晶体双坩埚提拉法生长与同成份晶体生长不同,前者是助熔剂生长体系,生长速度稍快或温度较小的波动就会导致组分过冷,而后者属于纯熔体生长体系,不容易产生组分过冷;包裹体是由于组分过冷生长时界面失稳夹入熔体所造成的.由于这些缺陷的存在都会严重影响单晶的获得率和质量,为此,我们通过大量实验研究后提出了可以减少和避免这些生长缺陷提高晶体质量的方法.     

Explanation of some peculiarities of crystal morphology deduced from the BFDH law

The morphological variety of crystal habits is due to differences in relative growth rates of faces of which the crystal is composed. For equilibrium, the growth rates of faces are proportional to the distances from the centre of the crystal to the respective hkl faces. According to the BFDH law, such distances are inversely proportional to the interplanar distances, therefore the observed crystal faces are those with the largest interplanar distances. This paper tries to explain some peculiarities of the crystal morphology deduced from the BFDH law and shows that the crystal geometry influences morphological importance of faces and because of crystal geometry, the faces of the largest interplanar distances are not necessarily the largest faces in the BFDH morphology.     

Analysis of growth habits of polar organic crystal N-4-nitrophenyl-(L)-prolinol (NPP) based on the incorporation of growth units

The growth habits of the polar organic crystal N-4-nitrophenyl-(L)-prolinol (NPP) in organic solvents have been studied from the standpoint of the incorporation of growth units. Qualitative explanations of the observed growth forms are based on (1) the interaction between the solvent molecules and the growth units, and (2) the influence of the solvent molecules on growth interfaces, particularly on two polar faces of the polar organic crystal. Since the incorporation rates of the growth units are different on positive and negative polar faces, a variety of growth habits appear. The surface structures of the grown crystal have been investigated through ex-situ observations of atomic force microscopy (AFM).     

Morphology of β-BaB2O4 (BBO) Crystals in Relation to its Structure and Growth Conditions

β-BaB₂O₄ (BBO) crystals with well-defined morphology have been grown from Na₂O solutions using the top seeded solution growth (TSSG) method. The crystal morphology in relation to its structure and growth conditions has been studied in detail on the basis of crystallography and crystal chemistry. It is found that the morphological characteristics are related to the orientations of structural unit (B₃O₆)^3— anion rings in the crystal. On the other hand, the growth parameters may greatly affect the appearance of faces of the crystal, but the crystals still generally take trigonal in outline and have a diagnostic character of point group 3m. The observed morphology is in disagreement with BFDH and PBC analyses and is explained from the incorporation of the growth units on the faces and facets. Since the incorporation rates of the growth units are different on different faces, the boule habits with well-defined morphology are formed.     

Growth of benzophenone single crystals from solution: A novel approach with 100% solute ‐ crystal conversion efficiency

An unidirectional 60mm diameter benzophenone single crystal was successfully grown by utilizing a novel crystal growth method at room temperature. <110> oriented single crystal ingots were grown out of xylene as solvent and by fixing a seed at the bottom of the ampoule. The obtained benzophenone ingots with the sizes of 10mm, 25mm and 60mm diameter evident that ease in increasing the diameter of the ingot. The orientation of the ingot and the crystalline quality were justified by X‐ray studies. TG and DTA evaluated the thermal properties of the grown crystal. The optical transmission study and the powder SHG measurement show the suitability of the ingot for nonlinear optical applications. The achieved solute‐crystal conversion efficiency of hundred percent shows vital advantage of this technique for cost effectiveness. The microbial growth as in the case of amino acid based growth solutions can be more effectively controlled in the present method since the freshly prepared growth solution can be constantly made available to the growing crystal. © 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim     

Synergy of organic dyes for KDP crystal growth

Single potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals were grown in a supersaturated solution containing an organic dye (sunset yellow FCF, brilliant blue FCF, and sky blue). The growth rate, morphology, and impurity dye distribution of faces, (100) and (101) in a KDP crystal were measured as dye concentration and the supersatutation of KDP were changed. Complete expressions for the effect of dye on all aspects of the growth of KDP crystals were discussed. The growth rates of (100) and (101) faces were well correlated by the empirical equation, and resulted in good estimation of the morphology. The distribution of dye in a KDP crystal was represented by the distribution model containing the minimum growth rate for coloring. The growth rate equation and distribution equation were expressed by functions of the supersaturation and dye concentration, and they could effectively provide the operational conditions with coloring the KDP crystal. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

负离子配位多面体生长基元和晶体形貌

本文运用负离子配位多面体生长基元理论模型讨论了负离子配位多面体在异质同构和同质异构晶体中的结晶方位和其形态之间的关系,发现晶体的生长习性与负离子配位多面体在不同面族上相互联结的稳定性密切相关.负离子配位多面体以顶角相联最稳定,以边相连次之,以面相连最不稳定.同时,本文用负离子配位多面体生长基元理论模型对极性晶体ZnO和ZnS的生长习性也做了一定的解释.     

Promotion of crystal growth rate in aqueous solution by direct contact with gas corona discharge

A new technique to promote crystal growth in aqueous solution using gas plasma is proposed. In this method, short‐lived radical species produced in solution which is contacted with gas corona discharge play a role to increase chemical potential of inorganic solute. In an experimental examination, single crystal of KDP was grown in a supersaturated solution which receives oxygen ions and radicals from adjacent corona discharge in air. KDP crystal has two unique growth faces (100) and (101), and the growth rates of both faces were increased considerably by generating the corona discharge. The both growth rates with and without corona discharge were well converged by one function based on chemical potential supersaturation. This result revealed that the solution in contact with gas corona discharge has a larger capacity of chemical potential than that without the discharge. Short‐lived species induced by gas corona discharge are considered to be anti‐solvents to cause this effect. The crystal growth process proposed here is considered to be an excellent method in terms of low impurity inclusion because such short‐lived species do not remain in the final crystal products and solution. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Studies on large uniaxially grown benzophenone single crystals

〈110〉, 〈010〉 and 〈100〉 oriented uniaxial benzophenone crystals were grown by uniaxially solution‐crystallization method of Sankaranarayanan ‐ Ramasamy (SR). The experimental parameters involved in the present study were investigated in detail and a constant growth rate was achieved by compensating the loss of growth units in the solution. A transparent uniaxial benzophenone crystal having dimension of 500 mm length and 55 mm diameter was grown at room temperature for the first time in the literature. In contrast to the conventional solution growth method, the growth rate along each direction was measured at ease during the respective growth experiment by monitoring the elevation of the solid‐liquid interface and found to be 2, 4 and 6 mm/day along the 〈110〉, 〈010〉 and 〈100〉 directions respectively for a chosen supersaturation. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Determination of linear growth rates of crystals (I). Calculation of linear growth rates of individual crystal faces from overall rates

The presented paper (Part I and II) is devoted to the fundamental principles of the kinetics of crystal growth. The number of studies in this field has been increasing and some authors have introduced different terms and definitions. To avoid possible mistakes and confusions, the individual definitions of the rate of crystal growth are specified and their interrelations are discussed in detail. Basic methods for measuring the kinetics of crystal growth are described. The rate of growth of individual crystal faces or the average rate of crystal growth can be determined using the selected experimental method. The presented study demonstrates that the results obtained by either of the two measuring methods (linear rate of growth of crystal faces and average rate of crystal growth) can be interrelated. The established method of calculating linear growth rates of individual crystal faces is based on an analysis of the time dependence of the volume of a growing crystal. The relationship between the linear growth rates of individual crystal faces and the over-all crystal growth rate is presented and a method for assessing the linear growth rates of individual crystal faces from over-all growth rate data, which can be measured readily, is suggested.     

Unidirectional seeded single crystal growth from solution of benzophenone

A novel crystal growth method has been established for the growth of single crystal with selective orientation at room temperature. Using volatile solvent, the saturated solution containing the material to be crystallized was taken in an ampoule and allowed to crystallize by slow solvent evaporation assisted with a ring heater. The orientation of the growing crystal was imposed by means of a seed fixed at the bottom of the ampoule. By selecting a suitable ring heater voltage and by controlling the ring heater voltage, nucleation and the growth rate of the crystal were controlled more effectively. By employing this novel method, benzophenone single crystal ingots of diameters 10 and 20 mm and length more than 50 mm were successfully grown using xylene as solvent. The ease in scaling up of diameter from 10 to 20 mm shows the vital advantage of this technique. It was possible to achieve solute–crystal conversion efficiency of 100 percent. The grown benzophenone crystal was characterized by FTIR, TG and DTA, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray rocking curve, optical transmission study and powder SHG measurement. The results show that the crystal quality is at least as good as the quality of the crystal grown by other known methods. Also, microbial growth was naturally avoided in this method, as the fresh solution is constantly made available for the growing crystal.