可用于色谱固定相的介孔氧化硅球材料的合成

采用非离子型嵌段高分子表面活性剂EO₂₀PO₃₀EO₂₀ (P65)为结构导向剂, 正硅酸乙酯为硅源, 在酸性介质中, 静置法制备了微米级介孔氧化硅球. 通过改变合成温度、反应时间或者无机盐KCl的加入量, 可以调节介孔氧化硅球的直径(9.0～17.6 μm); 加入1,3,5-三甲苯(TMB)或者调节水热温度, 可以调节介孔氧化硅球的孔径(2.3～4.8 nm). 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附-脱附、扫描电镜(SEM)、激光散射粒度分布和对溶菌酶的吸附等方法, 对介孔氧化硅球的结构、孔性质、形貌、吸附性质等进行了表征. 实验发现, 孔径较小的介孔氧化硅球(≤4.3 nm)对溶菌酶的吸附不明显(≤42 mg/g), 而孔径(4.8 nm)大于溶菌酶直径的材料对溶菌酶有较大的吸附量(192 mg/g), 说明孔径均匀可调的介孔氧化硅球材料可以很好地用作体积排阻色谱柱的固定相.     

嵌段共聚物与阳离子表面活性剂混合模板合成介孔SiO_2

利用三嵌段共聚物EO_(20)PO_(70)EO_(20)与阳离子表面活性剂CTAB作为混合 模板合成了内部孔结构与外观形貌同时受到调控的介孔氧化硅。与使用单一共聚物 模板制备的介孔氧化硅相比，在混合模板作用下得到的介孔氧化硅的孔结构有序度 降低，而孔径则随混合模板中共聚物的质量分数的降低而减小。在EO_(20)PO_(70) EO_(20)与CTAB质量比为1:1时可得到形貌完好、表面光滑的介孔氧化硅微米球，其 平均孔径为3.2nm，比表面积为972m~2/g。     

单分散核-壳结构介孔二氧化硅微球的合成

在酸性条件下, 采用非离子表面活性剂嵌段共聚物为模板剂, 季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂为共导向剂, 在预先合成的尺寸均一的单分散实心氧化硅微球表面包裹了有序介孔氧化硅层, 进一步通过高温水热处理, 获得了具有良好分散性和均匀尺寸的介孔壳层(孔径7 nm)氧化硅微球(~500 nm). 氧化硅微球外部包裹的介孔壳层具有较大的比表面积(188 m2/g)和孔容(0.23 cm3/g).     

有序介孔氧化铝的制备及其在丁烯歧化中的应用

采用有机铝源及阴离子模板剂制备了高比表面积、大孔容、窄孔径分布的有序介孔氧化铝(Al₂O₃)载体, 研究了铝源水解速率、模板剂碳链长度以及洗涤介质等因素对有序介孔氧化铝载体合成的影响。实验结果表明,提高铝源水解速率和用乙醇溶剂洗涤Al₂O₃前躯体都有利于Al₂O₃载体形成有序介孔结构,所得Al₂O₃载体的孔径和孔体积随着模板剂碳链长度的增加而增大。分别用有序介孔Al₂O₃和普通介孔Al₂O₃为载体,采用浸渍法负载氧化铼(Re₂O₇)制备了铼基催化剂,并用于评价丁烯歧化合成丙烯的反应性能。实验结果表明,铼基有序介孔催化剂(Re/OMA)的丁烯歧化性能显著优于普通铼基介孔催化剂(Re/MA),丁烯转化率高于50%,丙烯选择性约60%,丙烯收率达30%,催化剂寿命明显延长。     

KH570液/气相改性对SiO_2薄膜耐潮湿性能的影响

选用有机硅烷KH570(γ-甲基丙烯酰氧基丙基三甲氧基硅烷)作为修饰剂,分别采用液相修饰和气相修饰这两种方法制备SiO_2改性薄膜,并对比两种方法对薄膜成分、结构、耐潮湿性能的影响。结果表明,经KH570气相处理和液相修饰后,薄膜表面结构均变得更加致密;水接触角从38°分别增大至86°和99°;在高湿度环境中放置60 d后薄膜的峰值透过率分别下降0.02%和0.01%。改性薄膜表面接触角均未达到超疏水程度却仍然具有良好的耐潮湿性能,这一结果表明,薄膜的耐潮湿性能并不单纯取决于薄膜表面疏水角的大小,而是同时受到薄膜的表面结构和组成成分的综合影响。     

有机/无机复合介孔膜的合成及其生物酶吸附行为研究

以正硅酸四乙酯(TEOS)为硅源、三嵌段共聚物(F127)为表面活性剂, 聚碳酸酯膜为硬模板, 并采用抽滤法在聚碳酸酯膜内的亚微米级孔道中组装介孔氧化硅从而制备出有机(聚碳酸酯)/无机(介孔氧化硅)复合介孔膜. 通过扫描电镜、能量分散光谱以及透射电镜等实验表征了该有机/无机复合介孔膜的组成、结构及形貌. 研究结果表明: 通过该方法可以在聚碳酸酯膜内孔道中形成长度为9 μm、直径为200 nm的一维氧化硅棒状材料, 且该棒状材料具有无序蠕虫状和有序体心立方的混合介孔结构, 有序体心立方介孔的平均孔径约为8.5 nm. 另外, 初步考察了该复合介孔膜对生物酶的物理吸附行为, 结果表明其对肌红蛋白酶的单位吸附负载量为5.85 mg/g.     

直接浸泡法构筑纯铜的超疏水表面

以棕榈酸-乙醇溶液为疏水剂,利用直接浸泡法在纯铜表面上构筑了超疏水薄膜。 纯铜表面超疏水薄膜的最佳制备条件为：0.03 mol/L棕榈酸-乙醇溶液,室温（20～22 ℃）,浸泡144 h。 通过扫描电子显微镜、接触角测量仪、红外光谱仪和高精密电子天平对超疏水表面进行了表征和分析。 实验结果表明,纯铜试样表面形成了100～200 μm大小的草状棕榈酸铜微簇,接触角达到了150°,其具有较好的抗结垢性能。     

"面包圈"状高有序度大孔径介孔分子筛SBA-15的合成

介孔材料因其高度有序的大孔径、较佳的催化吸附性能、良好的电磁性质及易于剪裁而引起人们极大的兴趣[1～9].人们已相继合成了介孔氧化硅薄膜[3,10]、球[12]、空心球[4,13]和纤维[12～15]等,并设法控制中孔材料晶体外貌[3～9,15～21].最近,我们报道了利用多相组装和无机晶体(如NaCl,LiCl)作大孔结构导向剂的方法[16],合成了人造"珊瑚"状介-大孔氧化硅膜[13].Lin等[17]用共表面活性剂法在丁醇存在下合成了多组有序结构的介孔氧化硅空心球; Shio等[21]在完全溶解的硅酸钠和阳离子表面活性剂溶液中,合成了细棒状介孔氧化硅粉末.本文报道一种控制介孔材料颗粒外貌和形状的新方法,即共溶剂法,并以此法合成了高有序度、大孔径、 "面包圈"状介孔氧化硅SBA-15.这种新材料有望在微加工、催化、生物分离、电子器件的矿化、色谱载体等方面得到应用[1～9].     

金复合介孔SBA-15吸附血红蛋白在H2O2电催化反应中的应用

以P123嵌段共聚物表面活性剂为模板剂制备介孔氧化硅SBA-15,并用沉积-沉淀(DP)法在SBA-15介孔表面负载纳米Au颗粒制备得到金复合介孔SBA-15材料(Au-SBA-15).再以Au-SBA-15材料制备玻碳修饰电极,将血红蛋白固定于修饰电极上用循环伏安法考察其对不同浓度H₂O₂溶液的电催化反应.在固定了血红蛋白的Hb/Au-SBA-15/GC修饰电极上,H₂O₂在+0.95 V处出现了氧化峰,且随着H₂O₂浓度的增大峰电流不断增加,说明金复合介孔氧化硅材料具有良好的生物兼容性,有利于血红蛋白的固定,其修饰电极对H₂O₂溶液具有一定的电催化作用.     

功能化有序介孔碳对重金属离子Cu(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅵ)的选择性吸附行为

以三嵌段共聚物F127为模板剂,酚醛树脂为碳源,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,三组分共组装合成介孔碳-氧化硅纳米复合物,再经HF去除氧化硅,得到有序介孔碳(OMC).X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、低温N2吸脱附(BET)等测试表明,所得样品具有高度有序的介孔结构,比表面积和孔容分别为1330m2·g-1和2.13cm3·g-1,平均孔径6.4nm.对其先氧化、后氯化、再胺化,得到不同胺基接枝量的胺化介孔碳(C-NH2(m),m为加入的乙二胺的质量(g)).傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱表征结果证实,胺基官能团成功接枝到有序介孔碳表面.TEM测试表明介孔碳的有序孔道结构得到了较好的保持.以有序介孔碳、胺化介孔碳作吸附剂对Cu(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅵ)进行选择性吸附研究.结果表明:功能化修饰前,样品对Cu(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅵ)饱和吸附量分别为213.33、241.55mg·g-1;修饰后饱和吸附量可分别达到495.05、68.21mg·g-1.功能化介孔碳表现了较强的选择性吸附Cu(Ⅱ)的能力.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.