铜电化学沉积在微孔金属化中的应用

以分布有微孔的印刷线路板(PCB)作为模板,按照PCB孔金属化工艺路线,研究乙醛酸化学镀铜和柠檬酸盐体系铜电沉积工艺在PCB微孔金属化中的应用.结果表明,乙醛酸化学镀铜和柠檬酸盐体系电沉积铜可以成功地应用于PCB微孔金属化加工工艺中.微孔化学镀铜金属化导电处理后,铜附着于微孔内壁,颗粒细小,但排列疏松且局部区域发生漏镀现象.微孔一经电镀铜加厚,镀层电阻显著下降;孔壁内外的铜沉积速率达到0.8:1.0;铜颗粒具有一定的侧向生长能力,能够完全覆盖化学镀铜时产生的微小漏镀区域;微孔内壁铜镀层连续、结构致密并紧密附着于内壁,大大增强了PCB上下层互连的导电性能.     

Na-W-Mn/SiO2催化剂中的金属-载体作用

研究了Na-W-Mn/SiO₂催化剂中不同活性组份对载体结构的影响.结果表明,Na的诱导作用使无定型氧化硅在焙烧过程中相变为α-方石英结构,同时伴有比表面积的大幅度下降;单独担载Na时,硅小球经焙烧后基本无微孔存在,担载W则能使硅小球焙烧后形成较为均一的微米孔道.SiO₂载体在Na和W作用下发生的结构变化对催化剂的选择性起重要作用.     

剪切场下两亲性棒状粒子对聚异丁烯/聚二甲基硅氧烷共混物相形态的影响

合成了具有两亲表面性质的棒状SiO₂粒子,借助共聚焦激光扫描显微镜研究了两亲性棒状SiO₂粒子在共混物中的选择性分布,并通过在线剪切-显微技术和流变技术研究了其对聚异丁烯/聚二甲基硅氧烷（PIB/PDMS）不相容共混物形态结构的影响.研究表明,两亲性棒状SiO₂粒子倾向于分布在两相界面处及PIB相中.分散相的剪切诱导凝聚行为强烈依赖于粒子的含量和共混物的组成比.少量两亲性SiO₂粒子会促进分散相的凝聚,而加入足够量的粒子则能抑制分散相凝聚.     

采用新型离子表面印迹材料在皮米尺度上对相邻稀土离子进行识别分离的研究

将丙烯腈接枝聚合于硅胶微粒表面, 然后将接枝的聚丙烯腈转化为聚偕胺肟(PAO), 制得了功能接枝微粒PAO/SiO₂. 采用本课题组建立的新型分子表面印迹技术, 以稀土钆离子为模板离子, 戊二醛为交联剂, 对接枝在硅胶表面的PAO大分子链进行了离子印迹(IIP), 制备了钆离子表面印迹材料IIP-PAO/SiO₂. 以与钆元素相邻的稀土元素铕及钐的离子为对比物, 采用静态与动态两种方法, 考察研究了表面印迹材料IIP-PAO/SiO₂对钆离子的结合性能与离子识别特性. 研究结果表明, 离子表面印迹材料IIP-PAO/SiO₂对钆离子具有特异的识别选择性与优良的结合亲和性. 相对于离子半径与其仅差1～3 pm的相邻稀土离子铕离子及钐离子, IIP-PAO/SiO₂对钆离子的识别选择性系数分别为7.49与7.93. 此外, 印迹材料IIP-PAO/SiO₂还具有良好的洗脱性能, 以稀盐酸溶液作为洗脱液, 29个床体积内解吸率可达99.54%.     

硅酸钠法合成高比表面多孔二氧化硅

以硅酸钠和盐酸为原料,用化学沉淀法制备高比表面多孔SiO₂,并对其性能进行了研究.结果表明,所合成的SiO₂比表面积可达1300m₂/g以上,具有蜂窝状的微孔,孔径均匀,而且性能稳定.     

基于离子交换和表面引发接枝聚合制备阴离子表面印迹材料及其识别特性研究

建立了一种新的离子表面印迹(IIP)方法. 使用偶联剂γ-氨丙基三甲氧基硅烷(AMPS)对微米级硅胶微粒进行表面改性, 制得表面含有氨基的改性硅胶AMPS-SiO₂. 凭借离子交换作用, 阳离子单体甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)结合在模板离子磷酸根周围; 改性硅胶AMPS-SiO₂表面的氨基与溶液中的过硫酸盐构成氧化还原引发体系, 使DMC及交联剂N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)在硅胶微粒表面发生接枝交联聚合, 从而实现了磷酸根离子的表面印迹, 制得了阴离子表面印迹材料IIP-PDMC/SiO₂. 采用静态与动态两种方法, 考察研究了IIP-PDMC/SiO₂对PO₄^3-离子的识别特性与结合性能. 研究结果表明, 离子表面印迹材料IIP-PDMC/SiO₂对PO₄^3-离子具有特异的识别选择性与优良的结合亲和性, 相对于对比离子高锰酸根离子, IIP-PDMC/SiO₂对PO₄^3-离子的识别选择性系数为9.58.     

金属助剂对Ni/SiO2催化剂苯甲醚加氢脱氧性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni/SiO₂及Ni与金属助剂M（M=Fe、Co、Cu、Zn及Ga）物质的量比为30的Ni基双金属催化剂（记作Ni₃₀M/SiO₂）,利用H₂-TPR、XRD、H₂化学吸附、NH₃-TPD以及N₂物理吸附-脱附等手段对催化剂进行了结构表征,研究了不同助剂对催化剂结构与苯甲醚加氢脱氧性能影响。结果发现,金属助剂影响了催化剂前驱体中镍物种的还原性能,表明金属助剂及镍之间存在一定相互作用。Ni₃₀M/SiO₂中Ni-M双金属晶粒粒径和Ni/SiO₂中金属Ni晶粒粒径相近。由于表面张力较低的金属会在双金属晶粒表面富集,Ni₃₀M/SiO₂的H₂化学吸附量不同程度地低于Ni/SiO₂。另外,Ni₃₀M/SiO₂催化剂的酸量（尤其较弱酸中心酸量）高于Ni/SiO₂。在300℃、常压、苯甲醚质量空速1.0 h^-1及H₂与苯甲醚物质的量比为25：1条件下考察了各催化剂苯甲醚的加氢脱氧性能。Ni₃₀M/SiO₂上苯甲醚转化率不同程度低于Ni/SiO₂,原因在于Ni₃₀M/SiO₂催化剂H₂化学吸附量较低。Ga及Zn改性催化剂上三苯（包括苯、甲苯及二甲苯）选择性分别为81.7%和76.8%,高于Ni/SiO₂（71.5%）,且Ni₃₀Ga/SiO₂及Ni₃₀Zn/SiO₂上三苯收率（分别为65.0%及63.8%）高于或接近于Ni/SiO₂（63.7%）。Ni/SiO₂及Ni₃₀M/SiO₂催化剂中,Ni₃₀Zn/SiO₂具有较高甲基转移能力及较低C-C键氢解活性。从提高碳收率、降低耗氢量角度而言,Ni₃₀Zn/SiO₂具有较佳的加氢脱氧性能,与Ni和Zn之间作用及Zn亲氧性高于Ni有关。     

共轭聚合物/C60复合体系及其在光伏打电池中的应用

共轭聚合物/C₆₀复合体系在有机太阳能电池中的应用引起了化学工作者的广泛兴趣.本文介绍了共轭聚合物/C₆₀复合体系的光诱导电子转移,以及近年来该体系在光伏打电池中的研究进展.     

CeO2基磨粒在化学机械抛光中的研究进展

CeO₂由于其适当的机械性能及高的化学活性,更重要的是其对Si₃N₄/SiO₂的高选择性去除,使其被广泛应用于浅槽隔离化学机械抛光工艺中。本文论述了CeO₂基抛光液的抛光机制的研究进展,从CeO₂磨料的形貌尺寸、晶体结构、力学性能方面分析了磨料性质对抛光性能的影响,并进一步讨论了CeO₂基研磨颗粒及相关辅助抛光技术在CMP应用上的研究进展。以此为CeO₂基磨料的可控制备及新型抛光技术的发展提供借鉴,并希望能够促进CeO₂基研磨颗粒在抛光工艺中作用机制的揭示,使CeO₂抛光液更广泛地应用于材料的平坦化处理中。     

双(2,4,6-苯三酚)方酸掺杂的SiO2凝胶薄片的制备及其光物理性能(英文)

方酸染料是一种重要的有机功能材料。本文用改进的溶胶-凝胶工艺,将它均匀地掺杂到无机的SiO₂凝胶薄片中,制成一种新型的有机/无机凝胶杂化物。并用吸收光谱、荧光光谱等技术研究了该方酸染料在乙醇溶液中和掺杂在SiO₂凝胶网络中的光物理性能。结果发现在固、液两种介质中,其光物理性能有很大差异。方酸染料在SiO₂凝胶网络中,吸收光谱和荧光发射光谱的最大峰位置比在乙醇介质中有了明显蓝移,并且吸收域值随掺杂浓度增加而增大,荧光发射强度比在乙醇介质中也有了很大增强。首次对这些现象进行了解释:认为是由于方酸染料分子被包封在SiO₂凝胶网络中形成分子簇集体,它的共轭π-电子和分子构型受到刚性纳米网络微孔的限域,产生了类似于无机半导体纳米粒子的量子尺寸效应。     

Solvent extraction separation of In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/ with sulphoxides

Solvent extraction studies have been made on some metals: In/III/-Tl/III/ and Hg/II/-Cd/II/-Co/II/, from ammonium thiocyanate solutions by dialkyl sulphoxides. Separation of these metals from one another can be achieved by suitable choice of the extracted conditions. The nature of the extractable metal species has been elucidated.     

Simultaneous propane dehydrogenation andco2hydrogenation overCrOx/SiO2catalyst

Summary Single reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) and dehydrogenation of propane with CO₂(DH-CO₂) reactions in the presence and absence of the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst have been studied between 673 and 873 K. It was found that the CrO_x/SiO₂ catalyst is active both in the dehydrogenation of propane and in the RWGS reactions. The obtained results suggest that the dehydrogenation of propane to propene in the presence of CO₂on CrO_x/SiO₂can be facilitated by the RWGS reaction.</o:p>     

Synthesis of chlorobis/β-diketonato/oxotechnetium/V/ and tris/β-diketonato/technetium/III/ complexes

Chlorobis/-diketonato/ oxotechnetium/V/ complexes [TcOCl/-dik/₂, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and dibenzoylmethane] were newly synthesized using macroamount of⁹⁹Tc. These complexes were further separated into geometrical isomers. Furthermore, an improvement of the yields for the syntheses of tris/-dike-tonato/technetium/III/ complexes [Tc/-dik/₃, -diketone=acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone] was examined using Tc/III/-thiourea complexes as a starting material.     

Direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate ?from CH3OH AND CO2 by H3PW12O40/CexTi1-xO2 catalyst

Summary Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ and H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method, and applied to the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from methanol and carbon dioxide. H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ showed a better catalytic performance than the corresponding Ce_xTi_1-xO₂, due to the bifunctional catalysis of Br?nsted acid sites (provided by H₃PW₁₂O₄₀) and base sites (provided by Ce_xTi_1-xO₂). H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_0.1Ti_0.9O₂ showed the highest catalytic performance among the H₃PW₁₂O₄₀/Ce_xTi_1-xO₂ catalysts.     

Crystal structure of Na3PO4 · 12H2O

The crystal structure of trisodium monophosphate hemihydrate was determined. The space group is $\text{C2}\text{c}$ and a unit cell contains eight formula units. The unit cell dimensions of $\text{Na}{}_3\text{PO}{}_4\text{·}\text{1}\text{2}\text{H}{}_2\text{O}$ are a = 9.631(3), b = 5.416(2), c = 16.938(8) Å, β = 102.60(5)°. The final R value is 0.027 for a set of 1430 independent reflections. This atomic arrangement is mainly a three-dimensional network of distorted NaO₆ octahedra. The hydrogen bonding scheme is given.     

LixNi0.8-yCo0.2ZnyOp的合成及电化学性能研究

A series of single-phase Li_xNi_0.8-yCo_0.2Zn_yO_p(0.96 ≤x≤ 1.10， 0 ≤y≤ 0.05， 2 ≤p≤ 2(1+y) ) (different in the y values) were synthesized by a two-step solid state reaction method， in which LiOH·H₂O， Zn-doped spherical Ni(OH)₂ and Co₂O₃ were used as the precursors. The ICP-AES analyses proved that the Zn-doped compounds synthesized had the nonstoichiometric form. The results of the XRD， SEM identified that the uniform particles of the as-prepared materials having a good layered structure were fine， narrowly distributed and well crystallized. The electrochemical performance test was carried out and the results showed that the as-prepared Zn-doped materials had not only a high capacity， but also a better cycling stability characterization than the un-doped one. The Li_1.06Ni_0.75Co_0.22Zn_0.03O_2.03 material has an initial reversible capacity as high as 160.5mAh·g^-1; and a first discharge efficiency 89.2%， and exhibits satisfactory cyclic stability with 90% retainable capacity after 50 cycles.     

Synthesis and characterization of Ti1−2xNbxNixO2−x/2 solid solutions

Doped-rutile has been traditionally used in ceramic pigments for its intense optical properties. In this paper, we compare the classical ceramic synthesis of Ti_1−2xNb_xNi_xO_2−x/2 system with the sol-gel methodology, which allows a reduction of the anatase-rutile transformation temperature. The composition was optimised in order to obtain a unique rutile phase with the minimum amount of pollutant Ni(II) and enhanced chromatic coordinates. Incorporation of the doping ions in the rutile structure was corroborated by XRD and Rietveld refinements. The species responsible for the colour mechanism were studied by different techniques. UV-VIS spectroscopy showed the characteristic features of Ni²⁺ ions, whose existence was corroborated by EPR and magnetic measurements. From these results, (Ni,Nb)doped-TiO₂ powder samples can be now shaped as thin films, monoliths, etc. by using sol-gel methodology without modifying their properties. This study introduces new possibilities of coloured TiO₂-based solid solutions in new combined advanced applications (colouring agent and photocatalyst, etc.).     

An investigation of the promotional effect of propylene or propane traces on the activity of sulfatedPt/g-Al2O3andPt-Sn/g-Al2O3inCH4combustion

Summary A strong promoting effect of the presence of C₃H₈or C₃H₆was determined for the combustion of CH₄in excess oxygen, over pre-sulfated 1%Pt/g-Al₂O₃and pre-sulfated 1%Pt-2%Sn/g-Al₂O₃catalysts.</o:p>     

LixZryOz三元化合物的制备及表征

采用高温固相法制备了4种高纯度晶相组成的LixZryOz三元化合物,研究了焙烧温度、时间、反应物的种类和初始反应物物质的量比对产物组成的影响,进一步用XRD、SEM及BET分析方法对产物的晶相结构、表面形貌及比表面积进行了表征.实验结果表明,Li2CO3与ZrO2在适当条件下可以合成得到单斜相Li3ZrO3;以LiOH替代Li2CO3,在适当条件下可以分别合成得到四方相Li2ZrO3和三斜/单斜相Li6Zr2O7;进一步以Zr(NO3)4·5H2O代替Zr02,可将单斜相Li6Zr2O7的制备时间由96 h缩短至24 h.SEM照片显示产物硬团聚明显,粒径分布在1～10μm间,BET分析表明样品比表面积处于1.0～9.0 m2·g-1间分布,反应过程中锂的过量以及长时间高温焙烧是引起产物粒径长大和产生硬团聚的主要原因.     

Visible light-sensitive yellow TiO2−xNx and Fe-N co-doped Ti1−yFeyO2−xNx anatase photocatalysts

Nitrogen substituted yellow colored anatase TiO_2−xN_x and Fe-N co-doped Ti_1−yFe_yO_2−xN_x have been easily synthesized by novel hydrazine method. White anatase TiO_2−δ and N/Fe-N-doped samples are semiconducting and the presence of ESR signals at g ∼1.994-2.0025 supports the oxygen vacancy and g∼4.3 indicates Fe³⁺ in the lattice. TiO_2−xN_x has higher conductivity than TiO_2−x and Fe/Fe-N-doped anatase and the UV absorption edge of white TiO_2−x extends in the visible region in N, Fe and Fe-N co-doped TiO₂, which show, respectively, two band gaps at ∼3.25/2.63, ∼3.31/2.44 and 2.8/2.44 eV. An activation energy of ∼1.8 eV is observed in Arrhenius log resistivity vs. 1/T plots for all samples. All TiO₂ and Fe-doped TiO₂ show low 2-propanol photodegradation activity but have significant NO photodestruction capability, both in UV and visible regions, while standard Degussa P-25 is incapable in destroying NO in the visible region The mid-gap levels that these N and Fe-N-doped TiO₂ consist may cause this discrepancy in their photocatalytic activities.