Zn粉作为催化剂前体催化对甲苯磺酰胺/二溴海因与烯烃的区域选择性和立体选择性氨溴加成反应

Zn粉作为催化剂前体, 在反应中可被原位氧化成高效Zn(Ⅱ)-催化剂. 在该催化剂催化下, 以对甲苯磺酰胺和1,3-二溴-5,5-二甲基乙内酰脲(二溴海因)为氮源/卤素源, 二氯甲烷作溶剂, 建立了烯键上的高度区域选择和立体选择性氨溴加成反应新体系. 该方法在室温下可高产率地制得邻位氨基溴的加成产物, 最高收率可达99%. 实验结果表明, 当与双键直接相连的苯环对位有强给电子基团(CH₃O)时, 反应收率高, 并可得到唯一的氨溴加成产物(α-溴-β-氨基); 当与双键直接相连的苯环对位有强拉电子基团(NO₂)或弱拉电子基团(如Br和F)时, 该反应的产率相对较低, 但也能制得另一个唯一的氨溴加成产物异构体(α-氨基-β-溴型). 本文考察了20种不同结构底物的氨溴加成反应情况, 产物结构经过¹H NMR、¹³C NMR和元素分析确证, 并探讨了该反应的机理.     

β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物与二溴海因高度区域选择性氨溴加成反应

以β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物为底物, 二溴海因为氮源/卤素源, 乙腈作溶剂, 建立了碳碳双键上高度区域选择性氨溴加成反应新体系. β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物与二溴海因在室温无水碳酸钠催化下反应, 可高收率获得邻位氨溴加成产物, 最高收率达97%; β-甲基-β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物在氢氧化钾催化下回流反应, 也可高收率得到邻位氨溴加成产物, 最高收率达95%. 实验结果表明, 对于硝基苯乙烯衍生物, 当苯环4-位具有强供电子基团如CH₃O时, 可以得到单一的α-氨基-β-溴加成产物, 但其收率相对较低; 当硝基苯乙烯衍生物的苯环4-位有强吸电子基团如NO₂时, 反应收率则很高. 这一实验结果证明β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物(缺电子烯烃)与二溴海因的氨溴加成反应具有亲核加成的特征. 本文共考察了20种不同结构的β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物的氨溴加成反应情况, 其产物结构经核磁共振波谱及质谱分析确证, 并提出了可能的反应机理.     

β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物与二溴海因高度区域选择性氨溴加成反应

以β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物为底物,二溴海因为氮源/卤素源,乙腈作溶剂,建立了碳碳双键上高度区域选择性氨溴加成反应新体系.β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物与二溴海因在室温无水碳酸钠催化下反应,可高收率获得邻位氨溴加成产物,最高收率达97%;β-甲基-β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物在氢氧化钾催化下回流反应,也可高收率得到邻位氨溴加成产物,最高收率达95%.实验结果表明,对于硝基苯乙烯衍生物,当苯环4-位具有强供电子基团如CH3O时,可以得到单一的α-氨基-β-溴加成产物,但其收率相对较低;当硝基苯乙烯衍生物的苯环4-位有强吸电子基团如NO2时,反应收率则很高.这一实验结果证明β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物(缺电子烯烃)与二溴海因的氨溴加成反应具有亲核加成的特征.本文共考察了20种不同结构的β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物的氨溴加成反应情况,其产物结构经核磁共振波谱及质谱分析确证,并提出了可能的反应机理.     

K_3PO_4-催化的β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物与乙酰胺、NBS的区域专一性氨溴加成反应研究

在无水磷酸钾催化下,以乙酰胺（CH3CONH2）和N-溴代丁二酰亚胺（NBS）为氮源和卤素源,丙酮作溶剂,建立了β-硝基苯乙烯双键上的区域专一性氨溴加成反应新体系.该法在室温下,无需惰性气体保护可高收率的获得邻位氨卤加成产物,最高收率可达79%.实验证明,当β-硝基苯乙烯中苯环4-位具有强供电子基团时（如CH3O）,该...     

铟(I)/手性磷酸催化简单烯烃与β,γ-不饱和α-酮酸酯的不对称[4+2]环加成反应

报道了In（I）Cl/手性磷酸1a双酸体系催化的简单烯烃和β,γ-不饱和α-酮酸酯的不对称[4+2]环加成反应,可高产率、高选择性（最高99：1dr,99%ee）生成相应的exo-[4+2]环加成产物.InCl和磷酸的协同作用是反应成功的关键,单独使用InCl和磷酸都不能催化反应进行.     

β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物与丙烯酰胺及N-溴代丁二酰亚胺的区域专一性氨溴加成反应

以β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物为底物,丙烯酰胺和N-溴代丁二酰亚胺(NBS)为氮源和卤素源,建立了碳-碳双键上的选择性氨溴加成反应新体系.以二氯甲烷为溶剂,在没有惰性气体保护及乙醇钠促进下,β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物与丙烯酰胺和NBS于室温反应即可高收率地获得α-氨基-β,β-二溴加成产物,最高收率达83%;以甲醇为溶剂,在无水碳酸钠作用下,β-甲基-β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物也可高收率地获得相应的邻位氨溴加成产物,最高收率达97%.共考察了25种不同结构β-硝基苯乙烯衍生物的氨溴加成反应,结果表明,该反应具有广泛的适应性.采用核磁共振波谱及质谱表征了产物的结构,并提出了可能的反应机理.     

功能化烯胺的合成(II):一锅法由缺电子烯烃合成相应的α-脱氢氨

建立了一锅法由缺电子烯烃合成相应α-脱氢氨的新方法.缺电子烯烃(包括α,β-不饱和酯和α,β-不饱和酮)与对甲基苯磺酰胺/NBS在二氯甲烷中,室温下铝粉催化,首先发生双键上的氨溴加成反应,得到邻位氨基溴化合物.氨溴加成产物不经分离,再在二氯甲烷/DMF(V∶V=1∶1)的混合溶剂中,在碳酸钾/硫脲的催化下,各种邻位氨基溴的酯和邻位氨基溴的酮均能被顺利地转化成相应的α-脱氢氨.共考察了27种缺电子烯烃的反应行为,最高收率可达97%,证明该方法具有广泛的适应性.对所有产物的结构分析证明(1H NMR),所得到的脱氢氨,其氨基均处在羰基的α-位,证明该反应具有区域专一性.     

中间体C60(CH3)-和产物C60(CH3)2的结构及产物

用INDO系列方法对C₆₀^2-与CH₃反应的中间体C₆₀(CH₃)^-进行理论研究,得到具有Cs对称性的构型。结果表明,CH₃加成到C₁₅上,将使与其相邻的双键碳(C₃₀)的电荷密度和自旋密度达极大值,故加成反应部位在C₃₀处;另外,C₁₅的对位C₁₂(或C₂₇)也较其它部位易于反应,且有两个反应场所,因而产物C₆₀(CH₃)₂可能为六元环上的1,2-加成和1,4-加成两种异构体的混合物。同时对两种加成产物的结构和电子光谱进行了理论研究,指认其电子跃迁,并讨论了其光谱红移的原因。     

碳-氟键断裂用于构建氟代异噁唑化合物

含氟异噁唑骨架是许多药物及农药分子中的重要结构单元,其中单氟代异噁唑类化合物的合成方法还比较有限.从易得的α-三氟甲基-β-羰基酯出发,发展了基于碱促进的碳氟键断裂策略的氟代异噁唑化合物合成方法,该反应条件温和,操作简便,官能团兼容性良好,可以中等到较好的收率得到一系列3-氟代异噁唑化合物,且所得产物可进一步转化为生物活性分子的类似物.     

毛细管气相色谱法分离2-苯基羧酸酯对映体

手性2-芳基羧酸酯是制备手性非甾体抗炎药物2-芳基羧酸的重要的中间体,为了建立可用于2-苯基羧酸酯对映体分离的手性毛细管气相色谱法(CGC),分别使用2,6-二-O-戊基-3-O-丁酰基-β-环糊精及2,6-二-O-苄基-3-O-庚酰基-β-环糊精作毛细管气相色谱手性固定相,研究了其对2-苯基丁酸甲酯、2-苯基丁酸乙酯、2-苯基丁酸异丙酯、2-苯基丙酸甲酯及2-苯基丙酸环戊酯等5种2-苯基羧酸酯对映体的分离能力。结果表明,用2,6-二-O-戊基-3-O-丁酰基-β-环糊精及2,6-二-O-苄基-3-O-庚酰基-β-环糊精作手性固定相的毛细管气相色谱法可以分离2-苯基丁酸甲酯、2-苯基丙酸甲酯和2-苯基丙酸环戊酯对映体。2,6-二-O-戊基-3-O-丁酰基-β-环糊精对3种2-苯基羧酸酯对映体的分离能力超过了2,6-二-O-苄基-3-O-庚酰基-β-环糊精。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Selective syntheses of 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones via temperature-dependent Rh(II)-carbenoid-mediated 2H-azirine-ring expansion

The Rh(II)-catalyzed reaction of 2-carbonyl-substituted 2H-azirines with ethyl 2-cyano-2-diazoacetate or 2-diazo-3,3,3-trifluoropropionate provides an easy access to 2H-1,3-oxazines and 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-ones. These compounds can be selectively prepared from the same starting material using temperature as the only varied parameter. The 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, a common precursor for both heterocyclic products, isomerizes into 2H-1,3-oxazine under kinetic control, while 1H-pyrrol-3(2H)-one is the sole product of the reaction at elevated temperatures. According to DFT-calculations a one-atom oxazine ring contraction involving ring-opening to a 2-azabuta-1,3-diene intermediate, followed by a 1,5- and 1,2-prototropic shift leads to the consecutive formation of imidoylketene and azomethine ylide, which then further undergo cyclization to the pyrrole derivative.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.