p型Na掺杂各向异性ZnO的电子性质与热电输运性质

采用密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算研究了p型Na掺杂各向异性ZnO的能带结构、光学性质、介电性质、总态密度和不同原子的分态密度,并系统分析了其热电输运性质。计算分析结果表明,p型Na掺杂ZnO为p型直接带隙半导体,其带隙增大到1.3eV,其对于光子的吸收限向低能量光子移动,体系费米能级附近的态密度大幅度提高,这主要是p态电子贡献的;在费米能级附近的导带和价带中都出现了新的能级,这些新的能级主要由Nas、Nap、Znp、Znd和Op电子形成,且他们之间存在着强耦合相互作用。Na掺杂ZnO的电输运性质具有各向异性;其价带和导带中的载流子有效质量均较大;载流子输运主要由Nas、Nap、Znp和Op电子完成。     

Sb,S共掺杂SnO2电子结构的第一性原理分析

基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论和平面波超软赝势法,采用广义梯度近似算法研究了Sb,S两种元素共掺杂SnO₂材料的电子结构与电学性质.电子结构表明：共掺杂后材料仍然为n型导电直接带隙半导体;电荷密度分布改变,S原子与Sn,Sb原子轨道电子重叠加剧.能带结构表明,Sb,S共掺SnO₂在能带中引入新的能级,能带带隙相比于单掺更加窄化,费米能级进入导带表现出类金属特性.电子态密度计算结果进一步证实了电子转移的正确性：在价带中部,S原子轨道与Sn,Sb轨道发生杂化,电子转移加剧,价带顶部被S 3p轨道占据,提供了更多的空穴载流子,价带顶上移;随着S掺杂浓度的增加,带隙宽度继续减小,导带逐渐变窄,导电性能呈现越来越好的趋势.     

过渡金属Fe或Ag掺杂K_2Ti_6O_(13)的电子结构和光学性质（英文）

本文利用基于密度泛函理论(DFT)的第一性原理计算研究了它们的电子结构和光学性质.光学性质的计算结果和实验相一致.结果表明,Fe或Ag掺杂后,K_2Ti_6O_(13)的带隙中出现了杂质带且其带隙值变小,因而使掺杂后的K_2Ti_6O_(13)的吸收边发生红移并实现了其对可见光吸收.其中杂质带主要由Fe 3d态或Ag 4d态与Ti 3d态和O 2p态杂化而成.对于Fe掺杂的K_2Ti_6O_(13),杂质带位于带隙中间,因此可以作为电子从价带跃迁到导带的桥梁.对于Ag掺杂的K2Ti6013,杂质带位于价带顶附近为受主能级,可以降低光生载流子的复合概率.实验和计算研究表明,通过Fe或Ag的掺杂可以实现了K_2Ti_6O_(13)对可见光的吸收,这对进一步研究K_2Ti_6O_(13)的光学性质具有重要意义.     

Ce掺杂6H-SiC电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法,对未掺杂及Ce掺杂6H-SiC的电子结构和光学性质进行理论计算.计算结果表明,未掺杂6H-SiC是间接带隙半导体,其禁带宽度为2.045 eV,掺杂Ce元素,带隙宽度下降为0.812 eV.未掺杂6H-SiC在价带的低能区,Si-3s、C-2s电子轨道对态密度的贡献较大,在价带的高能区,主要是由Si-3p、Si-3s、C-2p态组成.掺杂后Ce原子的4f轨道主要贡献在导带部分,掺杂后电导率提高.未掺杂时,只有一个介电峰,是价带电子跃迁到导带电子所致,掺杂后有两个介电峰,第一个介电峰是由于导带电子跃迁到Ce原子4f轨道上产生,第二个峰是价带电子向导带电子跃迁产生.未掺杂6H-SiC,在能量为10.31 eV处吸收系数达到最大值,掺杂后在能量为6.57 eV处,吸收系数达到最大值.     

Ce掺杂6H-SiC电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算方法,对未掺杂及Ce掺杂6H-SiC的电子结构和光学性质进行理论计算.计算结果表明,未掺杂6H-SiC是间接带隙半导体,其禁带宽度为2.045 eV,掺杂Ce元素,带隙宽度下降为0.812 eV.未掺杂6H-SiC在价带的低能区,Si-3s、C-2s电子轨道对态密度的贡献较大,在价带的高能区,主要是由Si-3p、Si-3s、C-2p态组成.掺杂后Ce原子的4f轨道主要贡献在导带部分,掺杂后电导率提高.未掺杂时,只有一个介电峰,是价带电子跃迁到导带电子所致,掺杂后有两个介电峰,第一个介电峰是由于导带电子跃迁到Ce原子4f轨道上产生,第二个峰是价带电子向导带电子跃迁产生.未掺杂6H-SiC,在能量为10.31 eV处吸收系数达到最大值,掺杂后在能量为6.57 eV处,吸收系数达到最大值.     

Al掺杂SnO2 材料电子结构和光学性质

采用基于第一性原理的线性缀加平面波方法(FP-LAPW),研究Al掺杂SnO₂材料Sn_1-xAl_xO₂ (x= 0,0.0625,0.125,0.1875,0.25)的电子结 构和光学性质,包括能带结构、电子态密度、介电函数和其他一些光学性质.计算结果表明,掺杂Al之后价带上部分折叠态增加,价带宽度发生收缩,对导带底起作用的Sn 5s态减少,使得带隙增宽,且态密度整体向高能方向发生移动.随着Al掺杂量的增加带隙越来越宽,Al杂质能级在导带部分与Sn 5p态电子相互作用逐渐增强,虚部谱中的第一介电峰的强度随掺杂Al浓度增大而减弱.同时,吸收谱及其他光学谱线与介电函数虚部谱线相对应,各谱线均发生蓝移现象,对应带隙增宽,从理论上指出了光学性质与电子结构之间的内在关系. 关键词： 能带结构 态密度 光学性质 介电函数     

Ga掺杂ZnO的电子结构与电性能的研究

采用密度泛函理论广义梯度近似第一性原理计算的方法研究了n型Ga掺杂的纤锌矿结构氧化物ZnO的晶格结构、能带结构和态密度,在此基础上分析了其电性能.计算结果表明,掺杂ZnO氧化物晶格a,b轴增大,c轴略有减小;Ga掺杂ZnO氧化物两能带之间具有0.6eV的直接带隙,需要载流子(电子)跃迁的能隙宽度较未掺杂的ZnO氧化物减小;掺杂体系费米能级附近的态密度大大提高,其能带主要由Gas态、Zns态和Os态电子构成,且他们之间存在着强相互作用,其中Gas态电子对导带贡献最大.电输运性能分析结果表明,Ga掺杂ZnO氧化物导电机构由Znp-Op电子在价带与导带的跃迁转变为Gas-Znd-Os电子在价带与导带的跃迁,这也表明Gas态电子在导电过程中的重要作用;掺杂体系费米能级附近的载流子有效质量较未掺杂体系增大,且价带中的载流子有效质量较大,导带中的载流子有效质量较小.     

Hf、N以不同比例掺杂ZnO的第一性原理计算

基于第一性原理密度泛函理论,计算分析了Hf、N以不同掺杂比例掺杂ZnO(Zn_(16)O_(16))形成Zn_(15)O_(16-x_HfN_x(x=1,2,3,4)体系的结构参数、电子结构、Mulliken电荷布居和光学方面的性质.计算结果表明,掺杂体系晶胞体积不同程度增大;x=1时体系的费米能级上移进入导带使其呈现n型半导体特征,吸收峰和反射峰红移较小,尤其是反射峰,主要表现为强度的变化;但x=2,3,4体系的费米能级均在价带顶附近,且随掺杂比例的增大,掺杂体系的费米能级进入价带的深度逐渐增大,N 2p态的贡献作用也越来越显著,使掺杂体系呈现p型半导体特征,吸收峰和反射峰均有较大的红移,这将有利于ZnO体系在可见光领域的应用.     

Co-Cr共掺杂金红石型TiO_2电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

基于密度泛函理论,采用第一性原理赝势平面波方法计算了Co、Cr单掺杂以及Co-Cr共掺杂金红石型TiO2的能带结构、态密度和光学性质.计算结果表明:纯金红石的禁带宽度为3.0eV,Co掺杂金红石型TiO2的带隙为1.21eV,导带顶和价带底都位于G点处,仍为直接带隙,在价带与导带之间出现了由Co 3d和Ti 3d轨道杂化形成的杂质能级;Cr掺杂金红石型TiO2的直接带隙为0.85eV,在价带与导带之间的杂质能级由Cr 3d和Ti 3d轨道杂化轨道构成,导带和价带都向低能级方向移动;Co-Cr共掺杂,由于电子的强烈杂化,使O-2p态和Ti-3d态向Co-3d和Cr-3d态移动,使价带顶能级向高能级移动而导带底能级向低能方向移动,极大地减小了禁带的宽度,也是共掺杂改性的离子选择依据.掺杂金红石型TiO2的介电峰、折射率和吸收系数峰都向低能方向移动;在E2.029eV的范围内,纯金红石的ε2、k和吸收系数为零,掺杂后的跃迁强度都大于未掺杂时的跃迁强度,Co-Cr共掺杂的跃迁强度大于Co掺杂及Cr掺杂,说明Co、Cr共掺杂更能增强电子在低能端的光学跃迁,具有更佳的可见光催化性能.     

B、N单掺杂3C-SiC电子结构和光学性质的第一性原理研究

采用第一性原理的密度泛函理论赝势平面波方法,计算了未掺杂与B、N单掺杂3C-SiC的电子结构和光学性质.结果表明:掺杂改变了3C-SiC费米面附近的电子结构;B掺杂使得禁带宽度减小,价带顶上移,费米能级进入价带,形成p型半导体;N掺杂使得禁带宽度减小,导带底下移,费米能级进入导带,形成n型半导体.B、N掺杂均提高了3C-SiC在低能区的折射率、消光系数和吸收系数,增强了对红外光谱的吸收.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.