丙酮分子的共振增强多光子电离解离过程的实验研究

报道了在280—286.5nm区域内，通过共振增强多光子电离-飞行时间质谱和质量选择光电离激发谱对丙酮分子的光电离和光解离通道进行了研究，并对部分碎片离子的分质量激发谱进行了归属和标识.实验结果表明，在280—286.5nm紫外光波段内，丙酮分子以母体分子的电离通道为主，即首先电离生成母体离子然后母体离子再吸收光子解离生成碎片离子. 关键词： 丙酮 共振增强多光子电离 飞行时间质谱     

甲胺分子的紫外光解离动力学实验研究

在280—287.5 nm区域内,通过实验测定共振增强多光子电离-时间飞行质谱、碎片离子的分质量激发谱以及光强指数等对甲胺分子的光解离通道进行了研究.实验结果证实甲胺分子在单光子能量范围内存在一个电子排斥态,主要的光解离过程为甲胺分子共振吸收1个光子到达该电子排斥态后解离成中性碎片,然后是中性碎片经多光子共振电离形成碎片离子和碎片离子的进一步解离.     

CCl_3F红外多光子解离及反应通道的分析

用TEA CO_2激光对CCl_3F进行红外多光子解离.用染料激光诱发荧光和最终产物的红外光谱分析方法探测了解离中间产物Cl和CClF.解离的最终产物为CCl_4、CCl_2F_2及C_2Cl_2F_2的三个同分异构体.对解离过程和形成最终产物的可能反应通道进行了分析.     

264～280 nm波段萘的共振增强多光子电离研究

在我们自己研制的具有恒温加热进样系统的激光质谱仪上实验获得了气相萘分子的共振增强多光子电离/飞行时间质谱(REMPI-TOFMS),以及萘母体离子C10H8 和一些主要碎片离子C8H6 、C6H6 、C5H3 、C4H3 、C3H3 在264~280 nm的分质量光谱.结合在266 nm激发波长下实验得到的这些离子的光强指数及不同激光能量下的分支比,对母体离子及主要碎片离子的生成机理进行了探讨:在该波段范围内,萘母体分子首先吸收一个光子从基态跃迁至激发态,激发态分子再吸收一个光子而电离产生母体离子C10H8 ;碎片离子C8H6 、C6H6 、C5H3 、C4H3 、C3H3 则是由母体离子进一步吸收光子解离形成的,并给出了可能的解离通道.     

二甲基硫分子的共振增强多光子电离解离过程的实验研究

本文报道了在280~286.5 nm区域内,通过共振增强多光子电离-时间飞行质谱和质量选择光电离激发谱对二甲基硫分子的光电离和光解离通道进行了研究.实验结果表明,在280~286.5 nm区域内,二甲基硫分子以母体分子的电离通道为主,即首先电离生成母体离子然后母体离子再解离生成碎片离子.     

264～280 nm波段萘的共振增强多光子电离研究

在我们自己研制的具有恒温加热进样系统的激光质谱仪上实验获得了气相萘分子的共振增强多光子电离/飞行时间质谱(REMPI-TOFMS),以及萘母体离子C10H+8和一些主要碎片离子C8H+6、C6H+6、C5H+3、C4H+3、C3H+3在264～280 nm的分质量光谱.结合在266 nm激发波长下实验得到的这些离子的光强指数及不同激光能量下的分支比,对母体离子及主要碎片离子的生成机理进行了探讨:在该波段范围内,萘母体分子首先吸收一个光子从基态跃迁至激发态,激发态分子再吸收一个光子而电离产生母体离子C10H+8;碎片离子C8H+6、C6H+6、C5H+3、C4H+3、C3H+3则是由母体离子进一步吸收光子解离形成的,并给出了可能的解离通道.     

240-250 nm波段氯苯的共振增强多光子电离研究

首次报道了在超声分子束条件下,氯苯分子(C6H5Cl)在240-250 nm紫外激发波段的共振增强多光子电离/飞行时间质谱(REMPI-TOFMS).实验获得母体离子(112C6H5Cl )和一些主要碎片离子的分质量光谱,以及它们在240.5nm和248.6nm两种激发波长下的光强指数.文中对母体离子及主要碎片离子的生成机理进行了探讨,研究表明:该波段范围内,氯苯分子首先吸收一个光子从基态1A1(S0)跃迁至激发态1B2(S1),激发态分子再吸收一个光子而电离,产生母体离子112C6H5Cl ;母体离子直接解离而生成碎片离子77C6H6 .质量更小的碎片离子51C4H3 和27C2H3 则是母体离子进一步吸收光子,然后通过快速的内转换而形成.在该波段范围内,氯苯的最佳检测波长为248.6nm.在该激发波长下,氯苯的探测限能达到到ppb量级.     

264～280nm波段萘的共振增强多光子电离研究

在我们自己研制的具有恒温加热进样系统的激光质谱仪上实验获得了气相萘分子的共振增强多光子电离广色行时问质谱（REMPI—TOFMS），以及萘母体离子C10Hg8^＋和一些主要碎片离子C8Hg6^＋、C6Hg6^＋、C5H3^＋、C4Hg3^＋、C3Hg3^＋在264～280nm、的分质量光谱，结合在266nm 激发波长下实验得到的这些离子的光强指数及不同激光能量下的分支比，对母体离子及主要碎片离子的生成机理进行了探讨：在试波段范围内，萘母体分子首先吸收一个光子从基态跃迁至激发态，激发态分子再吸收一个光子而电高产生母体离子C10Hg8^＋时；碎片离子C8Hg6^＋、C6Hg6^＋、C5Hg3^＋、C4Hg3^＋、C3Hg3^＋则是由母体离子进一步吸收光子解离形成的，并给出了可能的解离通道。     

氟利昂F114B2分子在飞秒紫外辐射下的解离动力学

含氟利昂在内的卤代烷烃在太阳光辐射下解离生成破坏臭氧的游离态卤素原子,是破坏大气臭氧层的主要元凶.利用飞秒激光技术结合飞行时间质谱以及离子速度成像探测技术研究了氟利昂F114B2(四氟二溴乙烷)分子在267 nm飞秒激光辐射作用下的多光子电离解离动力学.利用飞行时间质谱技术,得到了四氟二溴乙烷在267 nm飞秒激光脉冲作用下发生多光子解离产生的质谱,发现三个主要碎片离子C_2F_4Br~+,C_2F_4~+,和CF_2Br~+,分别对应了三种主要的解离机理:1)单个C—Br键断裂C_2F4_Br_2~+→C_2F_4Br~++Br;2)两个C—Br键断裂C_2F_4Br_2~+→C_2F_4~++2Br;3)C—C键断裂C_2F_4Br_2~+→CF_2Br~++CF_2Br.实验采用离子速度成像技术对最主要的碎片离子C_2F_4Br~+进行成像,发现该碎片离子的动能分布可由三个高斯分布曲线拟合,说明单个C—Br键断裂机理对应于三种解离通道.通过影像进一步分析还得到了三个通道的平动能和角分布各向异性参数等详尽的动力学信息.通过密度泛函理论计算对解离动力学进行了进一步的分析和讨论.     

CS2+多光子光解产生CS+的动力学研究

在射流气束条件下 ,利用第一束 4 83.2nm的电离激光使中性CS2 分子通过 (3+1)共振增强多光子电离 (REMPI)制备出纯净的CS2 + 分子离子 ;用第二束解离激光在 385～ 4 35nm扫描 ,由获得的光解离碎片激发(PHOFEX)谱研究了光解CS2 + 产生CS+ 的两种动力学途径 .当第一束电离激光和第二束解离激光在时间上有约6 0ns的延迟 (远大于激光脉宽约 5ns)时 ,光解CS2 + 母体离子产生CS+ 碎片离子有明显的阈值效应 ,由PHOFEX谱确定了CS+ 的绝热出现势 (5 .85 2± 0 .0 0 5 )eV (从CS2 + 的 X 2 Πg ,3 / 2 (0 ,0 ,0 )能级位置算起 ) ,测量了 4 72 0 0～5 0 4 0 0cm-1双光子能量范围内碎片离子的分支比CS+ /S+ (从 0逐渐增加到略大于 1) .提出了这种情况下CS2 +产生CS+ 碎片离子的 [1+1]共振增强多光子解离机理 :通过单光子激发产生CS2 + ( X 2 Πg)→CS2 + ( 2 Πu)跃迁、 和 X高振动能级耦合使得可以产生到CS2 + ( B2 Σ+ u)的单光子跃迁 ,再经由 B态与4Σ-和2 Σ-排斥态耦合使CS2 + 解离为CS+ (X2 Σ+ )和S(3 P) .但是 ,当电离激光和解离激光时间上重合时 ,不再能分辨出CS+ 的出现阈值 .这表明 ,除了存在着上述的产生CS+ 的 [1+1]共振增强多光子解离机理外 ,在激光波长长于 4 2 3.8nm时还存在着 [1+1+1’]、[1+1     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.