晶格均匀体形变对闪锌矿结构CaC和 SrC半金属性和磁性的影响

采用基于第一性原理的全势能线性缀加平面波方法计算闪锌矿结构CaC和SrC的电子结构.计算结果表明,锌矿结构CaC和SrC是自旋向上电子为非金属性的半金属,其半金属隙分别为0.83 eV和0.81 eV.磁性的计算分析表明,CaC和SrC的晶胞总磁矩都为2.00μ_B,C的原子磁矩较强,Ca和Sr的原子磁矩较弱.使晶格均匀体形变△a/a₀限于±15%,在此范围内计算CaC和SrC的电子结构.计算研究表明,当闪锌矿结构CaC和SrC的晶格常数分别为0.490 nm—0.661 nm和0.539 nm—0.707 nm时,它们的半金属性不变,晶胞总磁矩仍然为2.00μ_B.     

第一性原理研究half-Heusler合金CoVTe和FeVTe半金属性及磁性的稳定性

本文构建了half-Heusler合金CoVTe和FeVTe.运用基于第一性原理的全势能线性缀加平面波方法,计算half-Heusler合金CoVTe和FeVTe的电子结构.电子结构的自旋极化计算结果表明,合金CoVTe和FeVTe具有半金属性,它们的半金属隙分别为0.21 eV和0.20 eV.磁性计算结果显示,合金CoVTe和FeVTe的晶胞总磁矩分别为2.00μ_B和1.00μ_B;合金晶胞中过渡金属V具有较强的原子磁矩,Te的原子磁矩较弱,而且为负值.使合金晶格均匀形变△a/a_0在±7%的范围内变化,分别计算CoVTe和FeVTe的电子结构.计算结果表明,晶格均匀形变△a/a_0分别为-7%—+7%和-4.8%—+7%时,合金CoVTe和FeVTe仍然保持半金属性,并且晶胞总磁矩分别稳定于2.00μ_B和1.00μ_B.     

分子基磁体Cr[N(CN)2]2电子结构和半金属性的第一性原理研究

基于第一性原理方法结合广义梯度近似,研究了分子基磁体Cr[N(CN)₂]₂的电子结构和半金属性. 对总能量,自旋极化的能带结构,态密度以及自旋磁矩的计算表明该分子磁体为半金属铁磁体．每个分子的总磁矩为2.00μB,其中Cr²⁺对分子磁矩的贡献较大,而配位体上的碳原子和氮原子的贡献相对较小．讨论了当晶格常数发生小幅变化时材料半金属性的变化.     

Heusler合金Co2CrGa(1 0 0)的表面结构、磁性和自旋极化

基于第一性原理计算,我们系统地呈现了三元合金Co2CrGa (100)表面的原子弛豫、磁性、电子结构以及表面原子极化行为。结果显示,由于Co-Ga和Co-Cr成键的差异,表面的Co和Cr原子分别向内层收缩和向外部真空层伸展。与块体相比较,表面Co和Cr原子的自旋磁矩由于局域性的提升而明显增大。在研究的Co2CrGa(100)不同原子端面中,可以观察到块体中的半金属带隙在CoCo和GaGa原子端面被大量的表面态所破坏,仅仅在CrGa和CrCr原子覆盖的端面,检测到100%的理想极化,预测其在隧道结中可能具有较佳的应用潜力。     

(MgC)n (n=1~10)团簇结构稳定性及金属性第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理对同比例二元团簇(MgC)n (n=1~10)的结构稳定性和金属性进行比较系统的研究。结果显示：当原子总数N=2, 4, 6, 8, 12时,二元团簇的结构为平面形状,其余为对称性较低的三维构型,且Mg3C3为幻数结构。另外,在二元团簇的形成过程中,镁、碳原子并不是均匀分布于空间中,而是首先形成各自倾向的构型,再结合成团簇。同时,(MgC)n (n=1~10)二元团簇的基态结构在原子总数N=10时发生突变,由平面形向三维结构转变。此外,最高占据轨道和最低未占据轨道间的能隙值除N=8外呈逐渐降低的趋势,说明在同比例二元团簇随尺寸增加的演化中出现半导体性与金属性间的相互转变行为。     

(MgC)n (n=1~10)团簇结构稳定性及金属性第一性原理研究

采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理对同比例二元团簇(MgC)n (n=1~10)的结构稳定性和金属性进行比较系统的研究。结果显示：当原子总数N=2, 4, 6, 8, 12时,二元团簇的结构为平面形状,其余为对称性较低的三维构型,且Mg3C3为幻数结构。另外,在二元团簇的形成过程中,镁、碳原子并不是均匀分布于空间中,而是首先形成各自倾向的构型,再结合成团簇。同时,(MgC)n (n=1~10)二元团簇的基态结构在原子总数N=10时发生突变,由平面形向三维结构转变。此外,最高占据轨道和最低未占据轨道间的能隙值除N=8外呈逐渐降低的趋势,说明在同比例二元团簇随尺寸增加的演化中出现半导体性与金属性间的相互转变行为。     

Al(111)/Al_3Li(111)的界面性质

运用基于第一性原理的平面波贋势法,计算研究了Al (111)/Al_3Li (111)的界面性质.结果表明:Al (111)/Al_3Li (111)的界面具有三种原子配位关系结构,其中界面处仍保持与基体Al一致的三明治堆垛构型的界面稳定性最好.计算表明,该结构界面最薄弱层,位于Al_3Li (111)内,其分离功最小(约1.53 J/m~2),强度最弱,而基体Al和Al_3Li内部的强度随着到界面距离的增大而逐渐增强.     

Inverse-Heusler合金Ti_2Co_(1-x)Ni_xGa的磁性和半金属性

利用第一性原理计算了Inverse-Heusler合金Ti_2Co_(1-x)Ni_xGa的半金属性、磁性和电子性质.计算结果表明Ti_2Co_(1-x)Ni_xGa的原胞总磁矩和晶格常数随着x的增加而增加.由于过渡金属原子之间的直接杂化和sp电子的调节,原胞总磁矩和晶格常数随掺杂浓度x的改变而改变,并与Slater Pauling规则形成一定的差异.当Ni的掺杂浓度x=0.5时,Ti_2Co_(1-x)Ni_xGa合金的费米面在自旋向下带隙的中间位置,因而可以判定Ti2Co0.5Ni0.5Ga将具有最佳的半金属稳定性.     

反Heusler合金Ti_2Ru_(1-x)Fe_xSn半金属磁性的第一性原理研究

本文基于第一性原理,通过对反Heusler合金Ti_2RuSn的Y位进行Fe元素掺杂,来探究其掺杂前后的相关特性及掺杂机理,以便寻求半金属性更稳定的Heusler合金材料,为后续相关理论研究及实验提供一定参考.在掺杂过程中随着Fe元素掺杂浓度的增加,反Heusler合金Ti_2RuSn的半金属性并未受到破坏,其带隙反而随掺杂浓度逐渐变宽,从未掺前的0.451 eV展宽到了全掺杂的0.711 eV.为分析掺杂体系的稳定性,我们计算了它们相对于理想反Heusler合金Ti_2RuSn块体的形成能,结果表明,对反Heusler合金Ti_2RuSn的Y位进行Fe元素掺杂可以展宽其带隙,并且掺杂浓度越低,体系相对较容易形成.     

第一性原理研究闪锌矿结构MnSb和MnBi半金属性和磁性的稳定性

采用基于第一性原理的全势能线性缀加平面波方法对闪锌矿结构MnSb和MnBi的电子结构进行自旋极化计算.闪锌矿结构MnSb和MnBi处于晶格平衡时都是半金属性的,并且它们自旋向下电子能带带隙分别是1.32 eV和1.27 eV.闪锌矿结构MnSb和MnBi的自旋总磁矩都为4.00μB/formula,总磁矩主要来源于Mn的原子磁矩,Sb和Bi的原子磁矩对总磁矩的贡献很小而且为负值,它们具有明显的铁磁性特征.使晶体晶格在±10％的范围内发生各向同性形变,对闪锌矿结构MnSb和MnBi的电子结构进行计算.计算结果表明,当晶格各向同性形变分别为-1％～10％和-4％～10％时,闪锌矿结构MnSb和MnBi仍然保持半金属铁磁性,并且总磁矩都稳定于4.00μs/formula.     

Robust half-metallicity at the zincblende CrTe(0 0 1) surfaces and its interface with ZnTe(0 0 1)

All electron full potential calculations based on spin density functional theory are performed to study cubic zincblende (ZB) and hexagonal NiAs structures of bulk CrTe, free (0 0 1) surfaces of ZB CrTe, and interface of ZB CrTe with ZnTe(0 0 1). The ferromagnetic NiAs structure is reported to be about 0.26 eV more stable than the ferromagnetic ZB phase while ZB CrTe is found to be a half-metallic ferromagnet with a half-metallic gap of about 2.90 eV. Thermodynamic stability of CrTe(0 0 1) surfaces are studied in the framework of ab-initio thermodynamic. The obtained phase diagram evidences more stability of the Te terminated surface compared with the Cr termination. We discuss that both Te and Cr ideal terminations of CrTe(0 0 1) retain bulk-like half-metallic property but with a reduced half-metallic gap compared with bulk value. The structural, electronic, magnetic, and band alignment properties of the ZB CrTe/ZnTe(0 0 1) interface are computed and a rather large minority valence band offset of about 1.09 eV is observed in this heterojunction.     

Half-metallic ferromagnetism in rocksalt and zinc-blende MS (M=Li, Na and K): A first-principles study

First-principles full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method is used to investigate the electronic structure and magnetic properties of hypothetical zinc-blende and rocksalt LiS, NaS and KS. We find that all the compounds except rocksalt LiS exhibit half-metallic ferromagnetism with an integer magnetic moment of 1.00 μ_B per formula unit. The ferromagnetism results from the spin-polarization of p states of anion S. Total energies calculations indicate the rocksalt phase is lower in energy than the zinc-blende one. The total energy differences are about 0.38, 0.36 and 0.32 eV per formula unit for LiS, NaS and KS, respectively. Meanwhile, it is shown that rocksalt NaS and KS have the half-metallic gaps of 0.22 and 0.41 eV, respectively, and the half-metallic gaps are 0.03, 0.46 and 0.65 eV for zinc-blende LiS, NaS and KS, respectively. We also find the half-metallicity is robust against the lattice contraction up to 7% and 13% for rocksalt NaS and KS, respectively. Although rocksalt LiS is nonmagnetic and metallic at the equilibrium lattice constant, it shows half-metallic ferromagnetism when the lattice constant is larger than 5.40 Å.     

硅烯双层纳米管自旋劈裂及半金属特性研究

在低维材料体系中寻找半金属,对实现纳米自旋电子器件具有重要的研究意义.基于第一性原理密度泛函理论计算方法,研究了AB堆栈的双层硅烯结构及其自旋极化的电子结构间的映射关系,发现其导带底和价带顶都具有负的变形势.基于此,我们预测硅烯双层在弯曲应力作用下,原本简并的空间自旋分布对称性打破,其自旋简并的电子态会出现自旋劈裂,因此双层硅烯纳米管会出现我们预期的半金属性.计算结果表明,AB堆栈结构的硅烯双层纳米管(55, 0)出现了半金属态,并且具有较好的磁稳定性.该结果对低维材料体系实现半金属性提供理论借鉴.     

First-principles study of CaTiO3 oxygen-vacancies (0 0 1) surface

The structural and electronic properties of fully relaxed CaTiO₃ oxygen-vacancies (0 0 1) surface with CaO and TiO₂ terminations are investigated by first-principles plane waves ultrasoft pseudopotential method based on local density approximation. The present results show that the direction and the magnitudes of the atomic relaxations for oxygen-vacancies surface are different from that of the perfect surface. Compared with the TiO₂-terminated oxygen-vacancy surface, the CaO-terminated oxygen-vacancy surface are likely to be observed in oxygen environment conditions. Much different from the perfect surface, the oxygen-vacancy surface becomes metallic caused by some states in the conduction band are lowered and pulled down in the band-gap region.     

Structural properties of oxygen on InN(0 0 0 1) surface

First-principles calculations are performed to study the various structures of oxygen (O) adsorbed on InN(0 0 0 1) surfaces. It is found that the formation energy of O on InN(0 0 0 1) decreases with decreasing oxygen coverage. Of all the adsorbate induced surface structures examined, the structure of InN(0 0 0 1)-(2 × 2) as caused by O adsorption at the H₃ sites with 0.25 monolayers coverage is most energetically favorable. Meanwhile, nitrogen (N) vacancy can form spontaneously. Oxygen atoms may also substitute N atoms, or accumulate at the voids inside InN film or simply stay on the surface during growth. The oxygen impurity then acts as a potential source for the n-type conductivity of InN as well as the large energy band gap measured.     

First-principles study on the half-metallicity of zinc-blende CrP(1 1 0) surface

We have investigated the half-metallicity and magnetism at the (1 1 0) surface of CrP by using the all-electron full-potential linearized augmented plane wave (FLAPW) method within the generalized gradient approximation (GGA). From the calculated local density of states (LDOS), we found that the (1 1 0) surface of CrP preserves the half-metallicity, but the band gaps (∼1.1 eV) of the minority states for the surface Cr and P atoms are much reduced from the bulk value (∼1.9 eV). The magnetic moment of the P is coupled antiferromagnetically to that of the Cr. The magnetic moment of surface Cr atom is calculated to be 3.31μ_B which is increased by 10% compared to the bulk value, 3.00μ_B.     

First-principles study for the atomic structures and electronic properties of PbTiO3 oxygen-vacancies (0 0 1) surface

The structural and electronic properties of fully-relaxed PbTiO₃ (0 0 1) oxygen-vacancy surface with PbO and TiO₂ terminations are investigated by first-principles calculations. In contrast to the perfect surface, the smaller surface rumples and interlayer distances have been found. The largest relaxation occurs on the second layer atoms not on the surface layer ones, and some in-gap Ti 3d states at about −1.1 eV below the Fermi-level are observed in the TiO₂-terminated surface caused by oxygen-vacancies. For the PbO-terminated surface, some in-gap Ti 3d states and Pb 6p states also move into the bulk midgap region to become partially occupied, and two different chemical states of the Pb 6s states were found. One is attributed to the bulk perovskite Pb atoms and another one is caused by the relaxation of surface Pb atoms. These theoretical results would give a good reference for the future experimental studies.     

Surface lattice dynamics and inelastic He scattering in Cu(111)

Summary We present a calculation of the Cu(111) surface dynamics in the framework of the multipole model. The electronic degrees of freedom include dipole and quadrupole deformabilities of the conduction electron density, the multipole expansion points being located at the midpoints between nearest-neighbour ions. The model accounts for the anomalous longitudinal resonance by an increase of dipolar deformability at the surface. Moreover the model explains in a straight-forward way the intense He scattering from the longitudinal resonance via the dipolar and quadrupolar modulations of the surface electron density. The surface dipolar contribution also explains the intense electron scattering from the optical surface resonance localized on the second layer.