姜黄素对重离子辐射损伤小鼠睾丸组织的防护作用研究

探讨姜黄素(Curcumin,简称Cur)对重离子辐射损伤小鼠睾丸组织的防护作用。小鼠灌胃不同剂量的Cur后给予4 Gy剂量~(12)C~(6+)离子束全身单次照射。24 h后对小鼠睾丸组织形态学变化进行观察,并测定丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。结果显示:中、高浓度Cur预处理组对小鼠睾丸组织的形态具有较好的保护作用;低、中浓度Cur预处理组MDA含量显著降低(P0.05);与单纯照射组相比,低浓度Cur预处理组SOD活性水平和中浓度Cur预处理组CA了活性水平显著提高(P0.05)。结果表明:Cur对重离子全身辐射小鼠的抗氧化系统有一定的激活效应,对辐射损伤有一定的防护作用,其机制可能与Cur清除自由基,保护脂质和蛋白质有关。     

He-Ne激光对增强UV-B辐射拟南芥抗氧化系统的损伤修复

以培养6周左右的拟南芥为材料,采用UV-B辐射（剂量1 KJ/m2/d）和He-Ne激光器（波长632.8 nm,输出功率5 mW·mm2,辐照时间60 s）对材料进行处理,分成CK（没有经过UV-B或激光辐照）组、B(UV-B辐射)组、BL（UV-B和激光复合处理）组和L（激光辐照）组4个不同处理组.结果表明:增强的UV-B辐射拟南芥幼苗导致MDA(Malondialdehyde)、超氧阴离子含量升高,GSH(Glutathione)含量降低,PAL(phenylalanine ammomia-lyase)、CAT(catalase)和APX(ascorbate peroxidase)活性升高,SOD(supemxide dismutas)活性降低.单独He-Ne激光处理使MDA、超氧阴离子含量降低,GSH的含量升高,SOD、APX、CAT的活性升高,PAL的活性降低.UV-B辐射后再用He-Ne激光进行后处理,发现与单独UV-B辐照处理相比,MDA、超氧阴离子含量降低,GSH含量升高,SOD、APX、CAT的活性升高了,PAL的活性降低了.因此激光在一定程度上提高了拟南芥叶片抗氧化能力,在此基础上讨论了其可能的形成机理.     

全氟辛酸致小鼠肝脏氧化损伤的实验

研究了低（1mg/kg/d）、中（5mg/kg/d）、高（25mg/kg/d）三个剂量组全氟辛酸（Perfluorooctanoic acid,PFOA）致小鼠肝脏脂质过氧化损伤的作用.结果发现,PFOA能抑制小鼠体重的增长,对肝组织造成一定的脂质过氧化损伤.各组小鼠出现不同程度的体重增长缓慢甚至减轻,中、高剂量组出现明显的减轻（P＜0.01）;低、中、高剂量组肝脏系数,均明显高于对照组（P＜0.01）;与对照组相比,各剂量组的肝组织中MDA、NO及LDH含量明显增高,SOD、SDH及GSH-Px活性均明显降低（P＜0.05）.     

紫外可见光谱及成像方法研究二妙丸药物对高尿酸血症疗效的影响

采用黄嘌呤及氧嗪酸钾联合腹腔注射的方法建立符合人体高尿酸血症发病机制的稳定动物模型,比较二妙丸水提物苍术和黄柏比例分别为1∶1,1∶2和2∶1的水提物(含生药360 mg·mL-1)及二妙丸 (360 mg·mL-1) 分别连续灌胃给予大鼠两周后,评价药物对高尿酸血症的治疗和保护作用。利用紫外可见分光光度法检测了血清及肝脏中黄嘌呤氧化酶(XOD)的活性变化。在570 nm处进行测定,结果显示,模型组与各组相比,血清中XOD活性显著升高(p<0.01),肝脏中XOD活性无显著差异(p>0.05),但各给药组与模型组相比血清和肝脏中XOD活性均显著降低(p<0.01),其中苍术和黄柏比例为1∶2的组方疗效最为显著。对肾脏石蜡切片应用苏木精-伊红染色法(HE染色)及马松三色染色法(Masson染色)进行染色,光镜下观察模型组及各给药组肾小球的形态变化及肾小管间质的纤维化程度。结果表明,模型组肾小球萎缩、血管袢分辨不清、出现一定程度的炎细胞浸润、肾间质纤维化等现象。各给药组与模型组比较,肾小球萎缩、炎细胞浸润、纤维组织生成等均有所改善。纤维化面积结果显示,模型组与各组相比纤维化程度显著升高(p<0.01或p<0.05),但与二妙丸组的差异性低于其类方给药组(p<0.05),其中苍术和黄柏比例为1∶2的组方疗效最显著。本实验以肾损伤和黄嘌呤氧化酶活性两个方面为考察指标,对高尿酸血症的治疗和保护作用进行评价,为后续二妙丸类方药物的开发提供科学依据。     

GANRA类药物的抗辐射效应研究

以昆明小鼠为实验模型, 连续进行GANRA类药物灌胃3 d后, 使用8 Gy 100 kVp的X射线进行辐照处理, 然后对血象、 脏器指数、 小鼠存活率、 肝脏中丙二醛(MDA)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性等参数进行了统计分析。 结果表明: (1) 药物灌胃对小鼠存活率没有影响。 辐照后, 小鼠存活率显著下降, 存活率下降至50%所需时间分别为: 照射对照组20 d、 DMSO组9 d、 1#药物组29 d、 5#药物组24 d; (2) 药物灌胃对小鼠脏器指数没有明显影响, 辐照后的对照组和DMSO组小鼠的肝脏指数、 脾脏指数升高, 药物组的脏器指数低于照射对照组和DMSO组; (3) 辐照导致各实验组的MDA水平升高、 SOD活性下降, 但是5#药物的SOD活性高于DMSO组、 MDA水平低于DMSO组; (4) 药物灌胃对小鼠血象没有产生明显毒性效应;辐照后各实验组小鼠的白细胞等都显著下降。 从上述实验结果可以看出, GANRA类1#和5#药物具有抗辐射作用, 其机制可能与GANRA类药物的自由基清除能力有关。 After three days of medicine administrated, Kunming mice were exposured to 8 Gy of 100 kVp X rays. Hemogram, viscere, survival, MDA yields and SOD activity were examined. Results showes that, (1) Survival of medicine administrated mice were similar to the control group. After irradiation, survival dropped significantly. It took 20 days for the control group to reach to 50% survival, while 9 days for DMSO group 29 days for 1# drug group, and 24 days for 5# drug group. (2) The medicine per se had no obvious impacts on visceral indexes. Liver index and spleen index of the control group and DMSO group were elevated after irradiated, while those of medicine administrated group did not change much. (3) The groups treated by DMSO and 1# drug had high yield of MDA, but low activity of SOD. Compared with DMSO group, 5# drug had high SOD activity while low MDA level. Irradiation increased MDA level but decreased SOD activity of every group, However, 5# drug still showed higher SOD activity and lower MDA level than DMSO group. (4) The medicine did not show distinctive contributions to variation of hemogram. In summary, our results demonstrated that GANRA like 1# and 5# medicine had radioprotective effects and their mechanisms might be related to the scavenging ability of free radicals.     

增强的UV-B辐射对高粱幼苗光合和抗氧化系统的影响

由于臭氧层逐渐变薄,到达地球表面UV-B辐射不断增加,因UV-B辐射改变的太阳光谱将会对陆地植物造成不同程度的伤害。本试验以高粱龙杂5为材料,对二叶一心高粱进行四种剂量UV-B处理,恢复2 d采用光合仪测定光合参数,并取样测定抗氧化酶活性。随着UV-B剂量的升高,高粱叶片褐化损伤加重,植株矮化,鲜重和干重显著降低;花青素含量显著升高,叶绿素和类胡萝卜素含量显著减少,净光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数显著下降。同时,随UV-B剂量升高,高粱幼苗气孔导度、胞间CO₂浓度和蒸腾速率表现为“降-升-降”变化;POD和CAT活性呈现“降-升-降”变化;SOD和GR活性呈现“降-升”变化,APX和GPX呈现“升-降-升”变化。在供试的四种剂量中,UV-B处理6 h(相当2.4 J·m-2)的高粱幼苗净光合急剧下降,其他光合指标以及抗氧化酶活性也表现出明显转折。结果表明,增强的UV-B辐射直接导致高粱光合色素、净光合速率和叶绿素荧光参数的改变;高粱抗氧化系统对高、低剂量UV-B响应机制不同, 其中 ASA-GSH循环对低剂量UV-B反应更敏感,高剂量UV-B辐射不仅破坏高粱光合作用,而且启动植物酶促和非酶抗氧化系统,导致叶片褐化坏死,植株生物量累积减少、株高矮化,甚至死亡。     

低密度稀土氧化物基气凝胶靶的研制

低密度的高原子序数元素氧化物气凝胶由于前驱体形成端基双键而易于收缩和开裂。通过调控配位环境结合无机分散溶胶凝胶法,制备了稀土氧化物气凝胶。氧化镧基气凝胶和氧化钇基气凝胶块体的成型性好,最低密度分别为0.05g·cm-3和0.06g·cm-3。其成分分别为六方相的La(OH)3和六方相的Y(OH)3,而聚丙烯酸中的羧基与稀土离子之间以桥接的方式进行配位。两种气凝胶均存在明显的多级结构,氧化镧基和氧化钇基气凝胶的初级粒子分别为纤维状和片/球混合形貌,而其二级粒子均为球形。两种气凝胶的比表面积分别为229.1m2·g-1和229.6m2·g-1。该方法制备的稀土氧化物气凝胶具有低的密度和纳米尺度的均匀性,在背光源中有潜在的应用。     

镧碲酸盐玻璃的振动模式和结构的拉曼散射

利用拉曼光谱研究xLa₂O₃-(1-x)的TeO₂(x=0、0.05、0.10、0.15、0.20和0.25)镧碲酸盐玻璃,并对镧碲酸盐玻璃形成过程中氧化镧变化引起的结构变化进行了分析. 强度测量表明,在高频的伸缩振动区域,组合物被诱导发生结构变化. 通过混合TeO₄三角双锥和TeO₃三角金字塔单元形成网络结构的镧碲酸盐玻璃. 改变氧化镧的含量导致TeO₄单元向含有不同数目的非桥氧原子的TeO₃单元转换.通过不同的氧桥三角双锥和三角金字塔碲酸盐结构单元的振动拉曼谱带轮廓分析计算出发生结构变化的组合物的相对量. 另外,通过拉曼强度和与碲酸盐网络结构有关的结构估算出末端氧原子的比例. 对改性剂含量高达25％的镧碲酸盐玻璃的模拟结果表明,短程有序的单元足以构建整个玻璃.     

HR-ICP-MS对黄河甘宁蒙段过滤水和悬浮物中稀土元素含量测定与分馏作用研究

采用高分辨电感耦合等离子质谱(HR-ICP-MS)对黄河甘肃、宁夏、内蒙古段12个采样点过滤水和悬浮物中稀土元素含量进行了测定,并对悬浮物中稀土元素的分馏作用进行了研究。结果表明：过滤水中稀土元素含量较低,含量最高的元素镧(La)浓度仅为32.0 ng·L-1,稀土元素总量平均值为47.5 ng·L-1,以包头磴口(S1)和三湖河口(S2)最高,分别为130.0和100.0 ng·L-1,可能是由外源稀土进入水体所致;悬浮物中稀土元素总量平均值为167.8 mg·kg-1,与中国土壤背景值相近,其中,甘肃什川桥采样点(S11)重稀土元素含量明显高于其他采样点,表明该采样点受到外源重稀土的影响。悬浮物中稀土元素球粒陨石标准化结果与中国土壤分布模式相同,表现为轻稀土元素富集,铕(Eu)中度亏损,铈(Ce)呈现弱的亏损,表明悬浮物中稀土元素主要来源于土壤风化作用。     

可见分光光度法测定碱胁迫中合欢幼苗的生理指标

为检测合欢幼苗的抗碱胁迫能力,文章试验利用可见分光光度法测定了碱胁迫下合欢幼苗体内的丙二醛、可溶性糖、脯氨酸含量及POD、SOD活性,分析这些生理指标在不同处理浓度、不同处理时间下的变化规律,探求碱胁迫下合欢幼苗的抗逆生理机制。随着Na₂CO₃处理浓度的增加,幼苗叶片中MDA和可溶性糖含量,均呈递增趋势,当处理浓度低于75 mmol·L-1,两者含量变化较平缓,而浓度高于75 mmol·L-1时,则含量急剧增加,各处理间差异显著;脯氨酸含量也呈递增趋势,当处理浓度低于100 mmol·L-1,变化较平缓,浓度高于100 mmol·L-1时,含量则急剧增加,各处理间差异显著;SOD和POD活性变化趋势一致,都呈单峰曲线变化,但两者活性最大值所对应的处理浓度不同,分别为50和75 mmol·L-1。此外,随着胁迫时间的延长,同一浓度处理的丙二醛含量逐步增加,而脯氨酸、可溶性糖含量、SOD、POD活性变化较复杂,无明显规律性。     

He-Ne激光辐照铁棍山药贮藏保鲜的研究

用工作波长632.8 nm、功率为2.5 mW的He-Ne激光器辐照铁棍山药,30 min后,其芦头芽萌发受抑,山药茎含水量、可溶性总糖和可溶性蛋白含量分别从70.203 9%下降到66.615 4 4%、从72.213 25 mg·g-1下降到25.878 88 mg·g-1、从508.539 4 μg·g-1下降到258.423 1 μg·g-1,丙二醛(MDA)和超氧阴离子含量分别从0.62 mmol·g-1变为8.033 122 mmol·g-1、从32.997 13 μg·g-1变为35.536 42 μg·g-1,贮藏前期的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性从494.864 U·g-1变为1 105.85 U·g-1,贮藏后期的SOD活性从1 105.85 U·g-1变为959.167 U·g-1.     

CO2激光预处理对UV-B辐射引起的小麦幼苗脂质过氧化伤害的防护作用

用20 mW·mm－2CO2激光对小麦萌发的种子分别照射1 min、3 min、5 min、7 min,待其长至幼苗期,在光背景（PAR）90 μmol·m－2·s－1条件下,用3.10 kJ·m－2 UV-B照射7 h·d－1,然后对其丙二醛（MDA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、过氧化物酶（POD）以及抗坏血酸（AsA）等含量进行测定.结果发现,CO2激光预处理可提高小麦GSH和AsA含量以及SOD、CAT、POD酶活性,降低MDA含量,从而抑制了由UV-B辐射引起小麦的脂质过氧化作用,以处理5 min为最适时间.     

Element analysis in femur of diabetic osteoporosis model by SRXRF microprobe

Diabetes mellitus affects bone metabolism and leads to osteopenia and osteoporosis, but its pathogenic mechanism remains unknown. To address this problem, mineral element of bone was analyzed in experimental diabetic osteoporosis model. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic group (n=5) and control group (n=5). The experiment lasted 68 days and at the end of the experiment, femoral bone mineral density (BMD) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and element content in femur of animals was determined by synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence (SRXRF) microprobe analysis technique. Results showed that femoral BMD in diabetic group was significantly lower than that in control (P<0.01). Relative mineral content of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and zinc (Zn) in diabetic femurs decreased significantly compared to controls. And strontium (Sr) in diabetics reduced 11% (P=0.09). Relative content of sulfur (S) in average was statistically higher (P<0.01) in diabetics than that in controls. But no obvious difference was observed in relative content of chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and lead (Pb) between the two groups. Statistical analysis revealed that Ca correlated positively with P (R=0.85 and P<0.001), with Sr (R=0.38 and P<0.05) and with Zn (R=0.37 and P<0.05). Whereas, Zn correlated negatively with S (R=-0.40 and P<0.05). Our results reveal that loss of minerals accounts for the BMD reduction in diabetics.     

Effects of ultrasound pretreatment on the quality,nutrients and volatile compounds of dry-cured yak meat

The objective of the present study was to assess the effects of ultrasound pretreatment on the quality of dry-cured yak meat. The ultrasonic power with 0, 200, 300 and 400 W (ultrasonic frequency of 20 kHz) were used to assist processing of dry-cured yak meat. The meat quality, nutrient substances, sensory quality, electronic nose, electronic tongue and volatile compounds of dry-cured yak meat were determined. The results indicated that the moisture content and hardness value of ultrasonic treatment group was significantly lower compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Ultrasonic treatment increased the value of b*, and decreased the value of L*, a*, pH, chewiness, melting temperature and enthalpy. Springiness value significantly increased from control group to 300 W of ultrasonic power group. Shear force significantly decreased with the increase of ultrasonic power (P < 0.05). Ultrasonic treatment had no effect on the TVB-N content, but it could increase the TBARS content. Ultrasonic treatment could significantly increase the essential FAA (EFAA) and total FAA (P < 0.05). In addition, the saturated fatty acid (SFA) content significantly increased with the increase of ultrasonic power (P < 0.05). Ultrasound treatment negatively affected the meat’s color, smell, and taste but increased its tenderness and the overall acceptability. It also significantly increased alcohols and aldehydes contents (P < 0.05), which were consistent with the measurement of electronic nose and electronic tongue. The results demonstrated that the the appropriate ultrasonic power assisted in the processing improves quality of dry-cured yak meat, particularly for the power of 300 W.     

高压处理种子对西瓜生长发育的影响

以8个汴梁西瓜品种(京引21、花皮88、圳板、郭牟、金玫黑、金小兰、日本瓜和蜜玫绿)为实验材料,采用样本率的显著性检验t、检验及单因素方差分析方法,研究了26~28 MPa的高氮气压及50~150 MPa的高静水压处理种子对西瓜出苗率、叶绿素含量、过氧化物酶活性、单瓜重、含糖量等生长特性的影响。结果表明:高压处理会显著(P0.05)或极显著(P0.01)地降低西瓜的出苗率和幼苗期叶片的类胡萝卜素含量,提高幼苗期叶片的叶绿素a含量和过氧化物酶的活性。高压处理种子对于含糖量和单瓜重这两个农艺性状的影响,品种间存在较大差异。其中,在50~150 MPa高压下处理种子20 min主要影响日本瓜(P0.001)和金小兰(P0.092)的单瓜重以及郭牟的含糖量(P0.064)。     

Antidiabetic activity of Armillaria mellea polysaccharides: Joint ultrasonic and enzyme assisted extraction

Armillaria mellea polysaccharides (AMPs) were obtained by ultrasonic assisted extraction (U), enzyme assisted extraction (E) and ultrasonic-enzyme assisted extraction (UE), respectively. The yield of UE-AMPs (6.32 ± 0.14%) was 1.64 times higher than that of U-AMPs (3.86 ± 0.11%) and 1.21 times higher than that of E-AMPs (5.21 ± 0.09%); meanwhile, the highest total sugar content and the lowest protein content were found in UE-AMPs. AMPs obtained from the three extraction methods had the same monosaccharide composition but in different proportions, allowing UE-AMPs to have the most potent antioxidant activity. The antidiabetic activity of UE-AMPs was investigated in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. UE-AMPs, when given by gavage, greatly prevented weight loss, increased water intake, and considerably decreased blood glucose levels in diabetic mice, which were dose-dependent (P < 0.05). In addition, UE-AMPs also had a positive effect on the reduction of lipid levels in the blood, oxidative damage and liver function impairment. The pathological observation by hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) revealed that UE-AMPs protected the organs of mice from diabetic complications (liver disease and nephropathy). Hence, our findings demonstrate that UE-AMPs are a suitable choice for improving diabetes and its complications and have great application prospects in the fields of natural medicine and functional food.