碱溶酸沉-微波辅助萃取艾叶中总黄酮的工艺研究

结合碱溶酸沉法对艾叶进行微波处理,以艾叶中总黄酮的提取量为指标,考察微波功率、微波作用时间、溶剂用量、水浸泡时间等因素的影响。结果表明艾叶中总黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件为:用石灰水调pH值至8—9,加入3%的硼砂,溶剂用量为料液比1∶8(mL/g)、浸泡时间20min、微波功率640W、提取时间7min,然后在提取液中加入稀盐酸,调pH值至2—3进行沉降。     

鱼腥草中总黄酮的微波辅助萃取研究

对鱼腥草进行微波处理,考察微波对鱼腥草中总黄酮提取的影响.以鱼腥草中总黄酮的提取量为指标,考察微波功率、微波作用时间、溶剂用量、鱼腥草粒度、水浸泡时间等因素的影响.鱼腥草中总黄酮提取的最佳工艺条件:鱼腥草用微波功率640W、间歇作用时间5min、固液比1∶40、粒度为细粉、浸泡时间为60min.     

分光光度法测定银杏叶中的总黄酮

分别以甲醇、乙醇、四氢呋喃为溶剂,采用水浴回流的方法提取银杏叶中总黄酮,并通过正交试验对提取温度、溶剂用量、提取时间进行探讨.结果表明:以甲醇为溶剂,当温度为50℃,溶剂用量为13.33mL · g-1,提取时间为2h时,黄酮提取率可达14.8％.     

植物油中苯并芘的提取工艺

采用正交试验比较提取溶剂、料液比、提取温度、超声时间对植物油中苯并芘提取率的影响.结果对植物油中苯并芘提取率的影响程度依次为:提取溶剂＞料液比＞超声时间＞提取温度.最佳提取工艺为:提取溶剂为乙腈,料液比为1∶125,提取温度为50℃,超声时间为2.5h.     

微波萃取-分光光度法研究关黄柏中小檗碱的提取

微波萃取是利用微波能来提高萃取率的-种新技术,用正交法优化微波萃取条件,与传统的酸碱法浸提小檗碱进行了对比研究,确定了微波萃取技术用于中药关黄柏中提取小檗碱的工艺条件.结果表明,使用微波萃取的优化条件为:80℃萃取温度,固液比为1:15,时间1.5min,传统溶剂法:萃取温度70℃,固液比为1:20,时间24h,与稀硫酸浸泡提取法相比,微波萃取工艺提取时间大大缩短,产量可提高30%,工艺操作简便、省时、节能,易于控制.     

正交试验优选老鹳草中没食子酸的提取工艺

以没食子酸含量和出膏率的综合评分为指标,以溶剂用量、提取时间和提取次数为考察因素,采用正交试验优选老鹳草中没食子酸的提取工艺。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为8倍量水、回流提取3次,每次60m in。该工艺稳定可行,可作为老鹳草中没食子酸的提取方法。     

超声波法提取石榴皮多酚的最佳工艺

以石榴皮为原料,采用超声波辅助提取法对石榴皮多酚的提取工艺进行了研究.通过对提取溶剂的筛选,确定乙醇为提取溶剂,考察液固比、超声处理功率、超声处理温度和处理时间等因素对石榴皮多酚得率的影响,在单因素试验的基础上,进行L9(34)正交试验.结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为:超声波功率为180W,提取温度为70℃,液固比为15∶1(mg/mL),提取时间为40min,在此条件下石榴皮多酚得率为12.71％.     

马占相思树叶中总多酚的溶剂回流提取工艺

研究了溶剂回流法提取马占相思树叶中总多酚的工艺条件.在单因素试验的基础上,用正交试验法对马占相思树叶中总多酚的溶剂回流法提取工艺进行优选,选用L9(34)进行正交试验,以总多酚的提取量为参考指标,考察乙醇体积分数、料液比、提取时间、提取温度对马占相思树叶中总多酚提取量的影响.得到马占相思树叶中总多酚较佳提取工艺条件为:提取溶剂60%乙醇、提取温度80℃,料液比1:9、提取时间60min,提取次数5次,在此条件下,每克马占相思树叶中可提取总多酚25.71mg,提取物以多酚计的清除DPPH的IC50值为32.573g DPPH/g总多酚.     

正交优化-微波辅助提取银杏叶黄酮

采用微波萃取银杏叶黄酮类化合物,与传统溶剂萃取黄酮类化合物方法相比较,微波萃取法具有萃取时间短、溶剂用量少、耗能低、萃取效率高等优点。通过单因素实验和正交试验结果,确定提取的最佳条件为：温度55℃,功率800W,液固质量比70∶1,处理时间6min,提取率可达3.578%。在相同温度下,微波法与索氏提取法相比,微波法所需时间是索氏提取的1/80;溶剂下降30%,而且提取率增大。微波提取技术用于银杏叶中黄酮的提取具有省时、高效、节能等特点。     

广藿香挥发油提取工艺的优化选择

采用正交试验探讨了不同提取温度、提取剂用量、提取时间以及提取次数对广藿香中挥发油提取率的影响,最终确定了广藿香挥发油的最佳提取工艺,即采用5倍量的石油醚在40℃下浸提4次,提取时间为24h.     

紫草的提取工艺

对紫草提取工艺中各参数进行了优化,为紫草工业化提取提供一定的参考;以左旋紫草素含量的测定为工艺指标,通过正交设计试验,对乙醇浓度,乙醇体积,浸泡时间,及渗漉时间各因素进行了考察;紫草最佳提取工艺为：5倍量80%乙醇浸泡16h,再加10倍量80%的乙醇渗漉4h;适宜工艺为：5倍量80%乙醇浸泡12h,再加10倍量80%的乙醇渗漉4h;本工艺设计合理,工艺稳定,左旋紫草素提取率高,质量可控,适宜于工业化生产。     

正交设计-紫外分光光度法测定青蒿中的青蒿素

以干青蒿叶为原料,考察石油醚萃取青蒿素的工艺条件,如温度、时间、溶剂量及超声功率等因素,正交法确定了最佳萃取工艺条件为温度40℃,超声功率90W,时间20min（两次）,液固比120∶1（mL.g-1）。紫外分光光度法直接测定不同产地青蒿中青蒿素的含量,结果表明：用超声波强化石油醚萃取青蒿素与常规浸泡法石油醚萃取比较,用超声波可以大大缩短萃取时间,提高了萃取率。     

大豆渣中异黄酮的提取及抑菌活性

研究大豆豆渣中异黄酮提取的工艺条件及其抑菌活性。在单因素试验和L25(54)正交试验的基础上,确定正己烷料液比1∶8(g/mL)、乙醇混合提取大豆异黄酮的最佳工艺条件:乙醇浓度70%、料液比(g/mL)1∶12、提取温度65℃和提取时间2.5h。对大豆异黄酮的抑菌活性进行了研究,结果表明:大豆异黄酮对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、短小芽孢杆菌和红曲霉的生长均有明显的抑制作用,抑菌作用符合三次回归方程,对大肠杆菌和短乳杆菌没有显著影响。     

Intensification of extraction of curcumin from Curcuma amada using ultrasound assisted approach: Effect of different operating parameters

Curcumin, a dietary phytochemical, has been extracted from rhizomes of Curcuma amada using ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) and the results compared with the conventional extraction approach to establish the process intensification benefits. The effect of operating parameters such as type of solvent, extraction time, extraction temperature, solid to solvent ratio, particle size and ultrasonic power on the extraction yield have been investigated in details for the approach UAE. The maximum extraction yield as 72% was obtained in 1 h under optimized conditions of 35 °C temperature, solid to solvent ratio of 1:25, particle size of 0.09 mm, ultrasonic power of 250 W and ultrasound frequency of 22 kHz with ethanol as the solvent. The obtained yield was significantly higher as compared to the batch extraction where only about 62% yield was achieved in 8 h of treatment. Peleg’s model was used to describe the kinetics of UAE and the model showed a good agreement with the experimental results. Overall, ultrasound has been established to be a green process for extraction of curcumin with benefits of reduction in time as compared to batch extraction and the operating temperature as compared to Soxhlet extraction.     

微波辅助萃取水蒸气蒸馏技术在中药有效成分分析中的应用研究

采用微波辅助萃取-水蒸气蒸馏方法提取中药制剂的有效成分,结合紫外分光光度法测定其含量。以提取六味地黄丸中有效成分丹皮酚为试验对象,探讨了微波辅助萃取的实验条件,优化的实验条件是:以乙醇+水(V/V,1∶2)为萃取溶剂,样品与溶剂比1∶50(W/V),微波功率380W,辐射时间2min。结果表明采用微波辅助水蒸气蒸馏对中药制剂进行预处理,可以明显加快丹皮酚的溶出速率,缩短水蒸气蒸馏的时间,将方法应用于牡丹皮及4种中药制剂中丹皮酚的测定,结果满意。     

Ultrasound-assisted extraction of hesperidin from Penggan (Citrus reticulata) peel

Hesperidin, an abundant and inexpensive bioflavonoid in Penggan (Citrus reticulata) peel, has been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological properties. Ultrasonic extraction is an effective technique for the isolation of bioactive compounds from vegetable materials. In this study, the application of ultrasonic method was shown to be more efficient in extracting hesperidin from Penggan (C. reticulata) peel than the classical method. The effects of main ultrasonic-assisted extraction conditions on extraction yields of hesperidin from Penggan (C. reticulata) peel were evaluated, including extraction solvents, solvent volume, temperature, extraction time, ultrasonic power, ultrasonic frequency. Results showed that solvent, frequency and processing temperature were the most important factors for improving the extracting yields of hesperidin. When performed at the same temperature under the same time using three frequencies, methanol as the solvent improved the extraction yield evidently compared with ethanol or isopropanol; by comparison of the frequency influence, the yield of hesperidin was higher at 60 kHz than at 20 kHz and 100 kHz. The optimum ultrasonic conditions were determined as: methanol, frequency of 60 kHz, extraction time of 60 min, and temperature of 40 degrees C. In addition, the ultrasonic power had a weak effect on the yields of hesperidin within the experimental range. Extending ultrasonic treatment times did not result in degradation of hesperidin; the rotary beaker for materials can increase the yields of hesperidin.     

The use of ultrasound in the extraction of Ilex paraguariensis leaves: a comparison with maceration

The objective of this work is to discuss the main parameters that influence the sonication extraction of Ilex paraguariensis leaves. For this purpose, the extraction time, solvent polarity, solvent volume, sample mass and particle size were evaluated. Results showed that the main variable affecting the extraction process was the solvent polarity. Though in a less extent, temperature and extraction time also demonstrated to be important parameters, while the other variables did not present a significant influence on the extraction yield. The extracts at the optimized condition were compared with those obtained by maceration, in terms of mass yield and chemical composition. The major compounds identified in the extracts were caffeine and palmitic acid. Some saturated hydrocarbons such as fatty acids, fatty acid methyl esters, phytosterols, and theobromine were also identified in the fractions.