色谱法分离谷氨酸和葡萄糖

制备了一系列大孔丙烯酸甲酯阴离子交换树脂后,装填分析柱,采用KNAUER色谱系统和示差检测器,分离谷氨酸和葡萄糖.考察了树脂的交换容量、柱温、流速以及发酵液的pH值对谷氨酸和葡萄塘分离度的影响.     

电磁轨道炮C型固体电枢坡膛段的装填方式研究

 为了满足电磁轨道炮对电枢和轨道间初始接触压力的要求,以小口径电磁轨道炮C型固体电枢的坡膛段装填过程为研究对象,在力学分析的基础上,采用有限元计算方法,对匀速装填、冲击装填以及组合装填3种方式进行了计算,并对电枢臂头部、中间和尾端单元的径向变形、应力和剪切应力随时间的变化进行了对比分析。分析结果表明,在同等条件下,采用组合装填方式可以明显地降低固体电枢在装填过程中受剪切破坏的程度,并有效地提高初始接触压力。研究结果表明,组合装填方式有利于提高电磁轨道炮的发射效率。     

三塔级联水精馏系统分离含氚轻水中试实验研究

针对大体量含氚水分离净化的需求,自主设计建设了三塔级联水精馏系统,内部装填有自研高性能填料。在中试实验过程中,以5～10 kg/h的处理量,完成了吨量级含氚轻水的分离处理,实现了贫化倍数高于2 000倍、富集倍数高于20倍的分离效果。测得规整填料等板高度为14 cm,散堆填料等板高度为4 cm,运行过程各关键参数稳定,全系统已稳定运行超过900 h,可满足规模化工程放大的要求。     

加压毛细管电色谱硅胶整体柱的制备及性能评价

研究了毛细管硅胶整体柱的有机改性溶胶-凝胶制备技术,并对整体柱微观结构及其性能进行表征。实验表明,随着PEG反应物配比的增加,硅胶整体柱的区域尺寸减小;整体柱电渗流线速度随着流动相pH值、外加电压的增加而增强。在正相加压毛细管电色谱条件下,应用于中性化合物的分离,甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、甲酰胺和硫脲4个物质实现了基线分离,最高柱效达到120000塔板数/m。     

半制备高效液相色谱分离纯化芦荟素和异芦荟素

通过硅胶柱层析与半制备高效液相色谱从芦荟汁中分离纯化出芦荟素(98.79%)和异芦荟素(97.66%),UV、IR、MS、1H NMR鉴定化学结构.该方法分离条件简单,分离效果好,目标产物纯度与收率较高.     

二醇基硅胶毛细管整体柱的制备与应用

综合应用溶胶-凝胶、分子修饰和环氧基在柱水解技术,制备了二醇基硅胶毛细管整体柱。考察了乙腈流动相对环氧基和二醇基整体柱保留行为的影响,评价了二醇基硅胶整体柱的色谱性能。结果表明,水解前的环氧基整体柱主要表现为疏水作用机理,水解后生成的二醇基硅胶整体柱固定相表面亲水性增强,表现为典型的亲水作用机理,多环芳烃非极性化合物保留因子的对数值降低,甲苯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、硫脲在6min内实现基线分离,柱效分别为90000,94000,99000塔板数/m,7种极性麻醉镇痛药得到较好分离。     

三正辛胺棉富集分离原子吸收光谱法测定金

论述了三正辛胺棉的制备及吸附金的条件和解脱方法。采用火焰原子吸收法进行测定。方法的测定范围为0.2-40g/t，相对标准偏差为2.3%，将该法用于制定黄铜矿中的金，其结果与传统的泡沫塑料富集-硫脲解脱原子吸收法测定结果一致，而本法分离效果好，测定速度快，操作简便。     

氢氧化铝/环氧树脂复合材料的电荷衰减特性北大核心CSCD

环氧树脂电气绝缘性能优良,但是其在脉冲功率设备中充当绝缘子时,表面容易带电且不易衰减,当表面电荷集聚到一定的程度会造成局部放电甚至发展为沿面闪络。为了提高环氧树脂的沿面闪络性能,用中心粒径为1μm的氢氧化铝(ATH)无机填料来改善环氧树脂复合材料的表面性能。分别制备了ATH填料质量分数为0%(纯环氧),20%,40%,60%,80%和100%的ATH/环氧树脂复合材料试样。用电声脉冲法研究了ATH填料对环氧树脂复合材料电荷衰减性能的影响,对比了试样直流极化场强为10kV/mm和30kV/mm的试验结果。结果表明:ATH/环氧树脂复合材料电荷的衰减常数不仅与填料的质量分数有关,而且与试样的带电量有关。     

氢氧化铝/环氧树脂复合材料的电荷衰减特性

环氧树脂电气绝缘性能优良, 但是其在脉冲功率设备中充当绝缘子时, 表面容易带电且不易衰减, 当表面电荷集聚到一定的程度会造成局部放电甚至发展为沿面闪络。为了提高环氧树脂的沿面闪络性能, 用中心粒径为1 m的氢氧化铝(ATH)无机填料来改善环氧树脂复合材料的表面性能。分别制备了ATH填料质量分数为0%(纯环氧) , 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%和100%的ATH/环氧树脂复合材料试样。用电声脉冲法研究了ATH填料对环氧树脂复合材料电荷衰减性能的影响, 对比了试样直流极化场强为10 kV/mm和30 kV/mm的试验结果。结果表明：ATH/环氧树脂复合材料电荷的衰减常数不仅与填料的质量分数有关, 而且与试样的带电量有关。     

微流控制备单分散微米级SiO2微球

采用软模板法制备出了聚二甲基硅氧烷微流控装置。利用该装置讨论了正硅酸乙酯和氨水的用量分别对反应体系凝胶化时间的影响,确定了制备SiO2微球的优化反应体系,即二甲基乙酰胺、正硅酸乙酯和氨水的体积比为8∶4∶1,实验所需的反应温度为60 ℃。实验发现：在微流体通道中,分散相的流速越大,粒径越大;连续相流速越大,粒径越小。因此,通过控制微流控装置中分散相和连续相的流速制备了粒径40~220 m的单分散SiO2微球,并对其形貌进行表征。光学显微镜和粒径分析均表明所制备的SiO2微球球形度高,单分散性好。

     

Experimental characterization of novel SiC foam corrugated structured packing with varied pore size and corrugation angle

In our study, SiC foam material has been applied to produce corrugated structured packing in distillation. Three kinds of novel packing with different pore size and corrugation angle have been developed and tested in pilot scale, respectively, to investigate the influence of structural parameters on the performance of SiC foam corrugated structured packing. Hydraulic parameters including pressure drop for dry and wet packing and flooding velocity are determined in an organic glass tower of 600 mm internal diameter, using gas–water. Mass transfer efficiency (HETP) is measured by total reflux experiments in a column with a 310 mm diameter at atmospheric pressure, using a mixture of n-heptane and cyclohexane. The experimental results indicate that SFP-500YD3 with a smaller pore size has higher dry and wet pressure drop, lower flooding velocity and higher mass transfer efficiency compared with SFP-500Y-D5. SFP-500X-D3 with a 30° corrugation angle exhibits lowest pressure drop and highest separation efficiency among all three packings. This study reveals the influence of structural characteristics of SiC foam corrugated structured packing on its performance.     

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通过离散元法初步模拟了微球在重力作用下的堆积行为,并分析了氚增殖区Li4SiO4球床的局部堆积结构.研究结果表明,摩擦系数和恢复系数对球床最终堆积结构有很大的影响.当摩擦系数较小时,摩擦系数对球床堆积结构的影响起主要作用;当摩擦系数较大时,恢复系数对球床堆积结构的影响起主要作用.球形颗粒从靠近壁面处的规则分布逐渐过渡到内部区域的均匀随机分布.球床局部堆积因子表现出了明显的壁面效应,其分布随着微球到壁面距离的增加而呈现出振幅逐渐减小的振荡趋势.所得到的球床堆积结构信息可用于研究球床传热特性和提氚气体流动特性的随机堆积球床模型的建立.     

固态氚增殖包层中球床堆积性能研究

基于球床堆积实验和离散元数值模拟对包层中球床的堆积性能做了初步研究。圆柱形一元(单尺寸颗粒)球床的堆积性能的结果显示随着球床直径与颗粒直径比的增大,球床的平均堆积因子逐渐增高,实验与模拟结果一致;采用二元颗粒(双尺寸颗粒)、提高颗粒粒度比可以显著提高球床的堆积因子,二元球床的堆积因子随着大颗粒体积分数的增加先增加后减小,在大颗粒体积分数约为60%~80%时达到最大。优化了二元球床的填充工艺,最终二元球床的堆积因子基本达到0.8,但球床的均匀性欠佳。     

DEM simulation of small particles clogging in the packing of large beads

The percolation of small particles through a periodic random loose packing of large beads is studied numerically with the Distinct Element Method. The representativity of periodic mono-sized sphere packing of varying system size was first studied by comparing their pore size distributions and tortuosities with those of a larger system, considered as an infinite medium. The results show that a periodic packing of size as low as 4-grain diameters gives a reasonable representation of the porous medium and allows reducing considerably the number of particles that has to be used in the simulations. The flow and clogging of small particles of varying concentrations and friction coefficients flowing through the former packing are then studied numerically. Results show that a steady state is rapidly reached where the mean velocity and mean vertical velocity of small particles are both constant. These mean velocities decrease with an increase in friction coefficient and in small particle concentration. The influence of the friction coefficient μ is much less marked for values of μ larger than or equal to 0.5. The distribution of small particles throughout the crossed packing becomes rapidly heterogeneous. Small particles concentrate in some pores where their velocity vanishes and where the density can reach values larger than the density of the random loose packing. The proportion of particles blocked in these pores varies linearly with concentration. Finally, the narrow throats of the porous medium responsible for blocking are identified and characterized for different values of the friction coefficient.     

Excluded volumes of clusters in tetrahedral particle packing

We investigate the excluded volumes of clusters in tetrahedral particle packing using an ideal tetrahedron model and Monte Carlo simulation. Both the influences of the size and topology of clusters on the excluded volume are studied. We find that the excluded volumes of the dimer composed of two tetrahedra and the wagon wheel composed of five tetrahedra are relatively lower than other cluster forms. For large clusters, the excluded volume decreases when the topology of a cluster approaches the wagon-wheel geometry. The results give an explanation to the cluster distribution which demonstrates that the dimer and wagon wheel are the dominative cluster forms in the packing structure of tetrahedra.     

Theoretical and experimental comparison of the Soret coefficient for water-methanol and water-ethanol binary mixtures

The role played by the history of packing in the behaviour of a granular material confined in a column is studied experimentally. The mean pressure applied by the granular assembly to the base is measured as a function of the height of material poured in the column. We obtain reproducible mean vertical normal stress measurements without using a particular procedure to mobilise the wall friction. We focus on the influence of the filling method on the mean vertical normal stress. Filling the column via the edges induces a higher apparent mass of grain than filling it via the centre. Particular attention is devoted to the measurement of the effect of the force sensor stiffness. We show that the lower the base stiffness, the lower the mean pressure on the base. We also vary the packing fraction. We obtain an increasing relation between the apparent mass and the mean packing fraction, and show that this relation depends on the filling method.Received: 4 April 2004, Published online: 20 July 2004PACS: 45.70.Cc Static sandpiles; granular compaction - 81.05.Rm Porous materials; granular materials - 83.80.Fg Granular solidsM. Tixier: Mireille.Tixier@meca.uvsq.fr     

疏水纳米颗粒对仿生膜流动性的影响: 尺寸效应

金属纳米颗粒与仿生膜的组装材料具有广阔的应用前景, 但纳米颗粒载入对仿生膜的物理性质的影响却存在争议. 在本文中, 我们合成了大于与小于膜厚度的疏水金纳米颗粒 (LPNs与SNPs), 系统地研究了粒子载入对膜流动性的影响. 通过荧光漂白恢复实验发现, LPNs与SNPs分别降低与提高磷脂的侧向扩散率. 基于荧光光谱实验与理论分析, 得到LPNs与SNPs分别通过空间位阻、改变磷脂有序度两种机制影响磷脂的侧向运动. 研究结果对构建功能性纳米颗粒磷脂组装体, 通过纳米材料调控仿生膜功能方面提供了参考.     

Effects of crystalline grain size and packing ratio of self-forming core/shell nanoparticles on magnetic properties at up to GHz bands

Self-forming core/shell nanoparticles of magnetic metal/oxide with crystalline grain size of less than 40 nm were synthesized. The nanoparticles were highly concentrated in an insulating matrix to fabricate a nanocomposite, whose magnetic properties were investigated. The crystalline grain size of the nanoparticles strongly influenced the magnetic anisotropy field, magnetic coercivity, relative permeability, and loss factor (tan δ=μ″/μ′) at high frequency. The packing ratio of the magnetic metallic phase in the nanocomposite also influenced those properties. High permeability with low tan δ of less than 1.5% at up to 1 GHz was obtained in the case of the nanoparticles with crystalline grain size of around 15 nm with large packing ratio of the nanoparticles.     

1-Butene separation processes with heat pump assisted distillation

Distillation processes with relative volatility near to one require huge amounts of energy and extremely high columns. In order to reduce the costs, several energy conserving methods can be utilized. In the case of separating 1-butene from the C4 fractions, two columns are needed, which makes it possible to consider their heat integration. Due to the small temperature differences between the column tops and bottoms, the heat pump processes are also promising. As the result of an exhaustive computer-aided analysis a combination of heat integration and vapour recompression proves to be the most economical scheme for separating 1-butene.     

Validity of the Janssen law in narrow granular columns

We have performed experiments on narrow granular columns to test the validity of the Janssen law under such conditions. The weight at the bottom of the cylinder and the compression and movement of the packing have been measured. The apparent mass dependence on height is not in good agreement with the Janssen law using a one-parameter fit. A two-parameter fit yielded good results for the apparent mass during upward and downward movement at constant velocity of the granular column inside the enclosing cylinder. The dependence of the apparent mass on the diameter of the column does not follow the Janssen law. Rather, it depends strongly on details of the packing. A slow force relaxation was observed when stopping the translational stage after upward motion.