分散液液微萃取与超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用测定环境水样中的三苯基乙酸锡

将分散液液微萃取(DLLME)与超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术(UPLC-MS/MS)相结合,建立了环境水样中三苯基乙酸锡的测定方法.通过对萃取条件的优化,得到最佳条件:在5.0mL水样中加入30.0μL氯苯(萃取剂)和1.0mL丙酮(分散剂)的混合溶液,萃取1min,以4000r/min离心5min后吸出萃取剂氯苯直接进样分析.在优化条件下,三苯基乙酸锡的富集倍数为165倍,检出限为0.01μg/L(S/N=3),线性范围为0.05-5.0μg/L,线性相关系数为0.9991.本法应用于河水、湖水和井水样的分析,加标回收率在81.2％-106％之间,相对标准偏差在4.5％-7.8％之间(n=6).     

DLLME-HPLC测定锡金微孔草内源激素脱落酸的含量

建立分散液液微萃取-高效液相色谱法测定锡金微孔草内源激素脱落酸含量的分析方法.分散液液微萃取条件为:100μL萃取剂(氯仿),1.0mL分散剂(乙酸乙酯),pH 3.0;方法的线性范围:0.0285-1.14μg/mL,r=0.9995,检出限0.0008μg/mL (S/N=3);锡金微孔草中脱落酸的加标回收率为90.99％-93.12％,RSD为0.99％-1.57％ (n=3).本方法具有检出限低、操作简便、环境友好等优点,适于检测微孔草中痕量的脱落酸.     

分散液液微萃取-分光光度法测定环境水样中孔雀石绿

建立了简便、快速、有效的分散液液微萃取-分光光度法测定环境水样中孔雀石绿的分析方法。对萃取剂、分散剂的种类和体积、萃取时间、离心时间、盐浓度等影响萃取效率的因素进行了优化。在优化的萃取条件下,方法的线性范围为8—1000μg/L（r=0.9992）,相对标准偏差（RSD）为4.1%（C=100μg/L,n=6）,检出限为4.20μg/L。对3种实际水样中的孔雀石绿进行测定,加标回收率在74.7%—108.2%之间（n=5）。方法适用于环境水样中的痕量孔雀石绿的检测。     

高效液相色谱-质谱法检测蜂蜜中的大环内酯类药物残留

建立了蜂蜜中10种大环内酯类抗生素的高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱检测方法.比较了多种提取方法,最终采用缓冲溶液进行提取,用固相填料进行分散固相萃取净化.采用电喷雾离子源ESI,正离子扫描模式,选择M+H为监测离子,流动相为甲醇-0.1％甲酸水溶液梯度系统.在5.0-200.0μg/L范围内,10种大环内酯类抗生素的线性相关系数均大于0.99.通过阴性样品的加标回收实验,方法的定量限LOQ(S/N=10)为5.0μg/kg,检出限LOD (S/N=3)为1.0μg/kg,3个添加水平中,蜂蜜的加标回收率在60％-120％之间,日内相对标准偏差(RSD)在1.11％-9.26％之间.该法简单、灵敏、特异性强,适用于蜂蜜中大环内酯类药物残留的分析确证.     

分散液液微萃取-气质联用检测葡萄酒中的有机氯农药残留

建立了分散液液微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法(DLLME-GC-MS)的同步检测红葡萄酒样品中α-BHC、β-BHC、δ-BHC、林丹(γ-BHC)、p,p'-DDE、p,p'-DDT、p,p'-DDD和o,p'-DDT 8种有机氯农药(OCPs)残留的快速、高效和经济的新方法.在样品中添加1mg/L浓度的农药,分别以氯苯、二硫化碳、二氯甲烷和四氯化碳为萃取剂,以丙酮、乙腈、甲醇为分散剂,进行农药提取,平行3次,取平均值,考察农药加标回收率和富集倍数.结果表明,以80μL二硫化碳和四氯化碳(3∶1,V/V)为提取剂、1mL丙酮为分散剂时,提取效果最佳,在0.10-20.0μg/mL线性范围内,回收率在85％-110％之间,方法对所有待测农药的检测灵敏度均低于0.01mg/L,最低可至0.1μg/L.     

中空纤维液相微萃取技术及其应用进展

中空纤维液相微萃取(HF-LPME)是一种新近发展起来的样品预处理技术,具有使用溶剂少,可集采样、萃取、浓缩于一体等优点,是一种环境友好的样品预处理技术。综述了中空纤维液相微萃取的操作模式、影响因素及其应用进展。     

轻质萃取剂的分散液液微萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定生活用水中痕量Pb与Cd

以轻质溶剂辛醇为萃取剂,建立了分散液液微萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱分析法(LDS-DLLME-GFAAS),并应用于生活用水中痕量Pb及Cd的测定。在分散液液微萃取(DLLME)中,以二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸盐(DDTC)为螯合剂,用微量注射器将辛醇和甲醇的混合溶液快速注入到样品溶液中发生雾化分散现象,Pb2+和Cd2+与DDTC的络合物被萃取到辛醇微滴中。离心分离后,以GFAAS测定萃取至上层辛醇相中的分析物。实验考察了萃取剂种类和体积、分散剂种类和体积、pH、DDTC浓度、萃取时间等影响萃取效率的实验参数。在最优实验条件下,Pb和Cd的检出限分别为0.15和0.03 μg·L-1,富集倍数分别为87和48,具有良好的线性和精密度。该分析方法优势在于操作简便,快速,低成本,高富集倍数,萃取剂用量少,已成功应用于自来水、饮用水和南湖水中痕量Pb和Cd的检测。     

高效液相色谱法测定工业废水中5-磺基水杨酸

建立了工业废水中5-磺基水杨酸的高效液相色谱分析方法。采用Kromasil-C18(150mm×4.6mm,5μm)色谱柱,流速1mL/min,柱温30℃,进样体积10μL。流动相为V(甲醇):V(0.01mol/L四丁基溴化铵溶液)=50:50,测定波长235nm。结果线性范围为:0.1—100mg/L,平均加标回收率为103.7%,相对标准偏差为1.3%。     

基质固相分散高效液相色谱法检测河豚毒素

建立了河豚鱼肉中河豚毒素的基质固相分散萃取的提取方法,并采用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器进行测定。通过样品前处理的优化,确立选取0.5g样品与2.0g阳离子交换(SCX)吸附剂混合研磨,并采用10mL 5%氨水:甲醇溶液(5:95,V/V)作为洗脱剂。经HPLC-PDA检测,结果表明,河豚毒素在1—100mg/L浓度范围内呈现良好的线性关系(R2=0.9990),检出限为3.8ng,定量下限为12.7ng;加标回收率为77.9%—108.1%,RSD为2.23%—5.45%。该方法操作简单、耗时少,符合河豚毒素分析检测的要求。     

顶空固相微萃取法用于饮用水源水中苦味酸的间接测定

建立了间接测定饮用水源水中苦味酸的前处理方法——顶空固相微萃取法(HS-SPME)。用带65μm聚二甲基硅氧烷-二乙烯基苯(PDMS-DVB)涂层的固相微萃取柱顶空萃取水中苦味酸与次氯酸钠的反应产物——氯化苦(硝基三氯甲烷),氯化苦用气质联用仪检测,采用质谱的选择离子模式和内标法进行定量。实验优化了萃取条件,如萃取柱涂层、水样与次氯酸钠体积比例、样品体积、预反应时间、盐度、样品pH、反应和萃取的温度、萃取时间等。使用优化后的条件,获得方法检出限和校准曲线r分别为0.8μg/L和0.9950。线性范围2.0—20.0μg/L;饮用水源水加标回收率均值和相对标准偏差分别为106.5%和9.0%(n=6)。方法适用于饮用水源水中苦味酸的间接测定。     

Ultrasonic energy enhanced the efficiency of advance extraction methodology for enrichment of trace level of copper in serum samples of patients having neurological disorders

An innovative dual dispersive ionic liquid based on ultrasound assisted microextraction (UDIL-μE), for the enrichment of trace levels of copper ion (Cu²⁺), in serum (blood) of patients suffering from different neurological disorders. The enriched metal ions were subjected to flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). In the UDIL-μE method, the extraction solvent, ionic liquid, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [C₄mim][PF₆], was dispersed into the aqueous samples using an ultrasonic bath. The(PAN) 1-(2-pyridylazo)-2-naphthol was used as ligand for the complexation of Cu ion in IL (as extracting solvent). The various variables such as sonication time, pH, concentration of complexing agent, time and rate of centrifugation, IL volume that affect the extraction process were optimized. The enhancement factor (EF) and detection limit (LOD) was found under favorable condition was 31 and 0.36 μg L⁻¹, respectively. Reliability of the proposed method was checked by relative standard deviation (%RSD), which was found to be <5%. The accuracy of developed procedure was assured by using certified reference material (CRM) of blood serum. The developed procedure was applied successfully to the analysis of concentration of Cu ion in blood serum of different neurological disorders subjects and referents of same age group. It was observed that the levels of Cu ion was two folds higher in serum samples of neurological disorders patients as related to normal referents of same age group.     

Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop for separation and preconcentration of malachite green before its determination by flow injection spectrophotometry

ABSTRACT

A simple and fast dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop has been developed for the separation and preconcentration of malachite green in water samples prior to its determination by flow injection spectrophotometry. Sodium lauryl sulfate, an anionic surfactant, was used for the ion-pair formation with malachite green. The factors affecting the ion-pair formation and extraction were optimized. Under the optimized conditions (volume of 1-undecanol as the extraction solvent, 40 μL; the volume of ethanol as the disperser solvent, 100 μL; sodium lauryl sulfate concentration, 7.5 × 10^?7 mol L^?1, and the pH of the sample, ～3.0), the calibration graph was linear over the range of 0.8–25 µg L^?1 with the detection limit of 0.3 µg L^?1 and the preconcentration factor of 750. The relative standard deviation at 7 µg L^?1 (n = 6) was found to be 2.1%. The developed method was successfully applied to the determination of malachite green in river water and fish farming water samples.     

中空纤维膜液相微萃取-GC-MS测定水果和蔬菜中三唑类杀菌剂残留量

研究了一种直接快速测定水果和蔬菜等固体样品中5种三唑类杀菌剂残留量的新方法,以气相色谱-质谱联用技术为基础,利用中空纤维膜液相微萃取提取固体样品中目标物。通过实验确定最佳萃取条件为：萃取剂为环己烷,固体样品与水的比例为1：3（总质量为10g）,超声震荡5min后以500r/min的搅拌速率在40℃下萃取20min。萃取后取1μL有机溶剂直接进样进行气相色谱质谱分离检测。在此条件下,水果和蔬菜中的三唑酮和多效唑的线性范围为0.5—25mg/kg,腈菌唑、烯唑醇和丙环唑的线性范围为1—25mg/kg;5种目标物的检出限均低于0.210mg/kg;相对标准偏差在4.7%—8.1%之间。该方法可以用于水果和蔬菜等固体样品中三唑类杀菌剂的快速测定。     

Ten years of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and derived techniques

Novel solvent microextraction techniques are presently receiving a great deal of interest from analytical chemists, as confirmed by the constantly increasing number of published papers on the topic. The present overview offers a comprehensive collection of publications devoted to dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and dispersive liquid-phase microextraction as well as their modalities. We cover the articles that were available online up to April 30, 2016. The applications of these techniques are summarized in the tables.     

Determination of carboxylic acids in non-alcoholic beer samples by an ultrasonic-assisted dispersive micro-solid phase extraction based on Ni/Cu-Al layered double hydroxide nanocomposites followed by gas chromatography

Magnetically separable layered double hydroxide Ni/CuAl-LDH nanocomposites were synthesized and employed as ultrasonic-assisted dispersive micro-solid phase extraction (UA-D-μSPE) sorbent to extract several carboxylic acids (namely propionic, butyric, pentanoic, hexanoic, heptanoic, octanoic, and decanoic) from non-alcoholic beer samples. Ni/CuAl-LDH sorbent was characterized by Fourier transform-infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Effective variables such as amount of sorbent (mg), pH and ionic strength of sample solution, volume of eluent solvent (μL), vortex, and ultrasonic times (min) were investigated via fractional factorial design (FFD). The significant variables were optimized by a Box–Behnken design and combined by a desirability function (DF). Under optimized conditions, the calibration graphs of analytes were linear in a concentration range of 0.05–100 μg/mL and had correlation coefficients more than 0.997. The limits of detection and quantification were in the ranges of 16–40 μg/L and 53–133 μg/L, respectively. This procedure was successfully employed in the determination of target analytes in spiked beer samples, and the relative mean recoveries ranged from 87 to 110%.     

Determination of pesticides in honey by ultrasonic solvent extraction and thin-layer chromatography

A rapid method for quantitative determination of atrazine and simazine in honey samples was investigated. The procedure was based on the extraction of pesticides by sonication with benzene:water = 1:1 (v/v) mixture, thin-layer chromatographic separation and quantification by CAMAG Video Documentation system in conjunction with the Reprostar 3. The extraction procedure was optimized with regard to the amount of solvent, duration of sonication and the number of extraction steps. The apparent recovery of pesticides from honey was 92.3 ± 2.4 for atrazine and 94.2 ± 2.8 for simazine, when they were extracted in three steps for 20 min using 20 ml of solvent. Ultrasonic solvent extraction was compared with traditional shake-flask extraction method.