一类菁染料的SERS光谱研究

本文报导了一类菁染料在银溶胶中和吸附在硝酸刻蚀的银和铜箔上的SERS 光谱以及两种方式的比较。对硝酸刻蚀粗化银和铜箔表面的最佳条件进行了讨论,区别于银溶胶,用粗化银和铜箔测得了共振 SERS 光谱。提出了菁染料分子在铜、银表面吸附的可能方式。     

超亲水乳突对冷凝传热的影响

为强化冷凝传热,促使冷凝液快速脱离是重要途径。以微米级电解铜粉为材料,烧结制备了超亲水乳突结构,测试了超亲水乳突在不同角度下的吸液性能,并通过蒸汽冷凝实验,研究了超亲水乳突对冷凝传热的影响。实验结果表明,超亲水乳突表面的针状凸起增大了乳突的粗糙度,进而增大了超亲水乳突内的毛细吸力,吸液性能优越。因此应用超亲水乳突后,促进了冷凝表面冷凝液的脱离,从而强化了蒸汽冷凝传热。其中,应用超亲水乳突的超疏水表面表现出最高的传热系数。当过冷度ΔT=2.5 K时,传热系数是亲水铜表面的5.6倍。     

封装有相变材料的金属泡沫复合散热器实验研究

相变材料的固液相变具有较高的相变潜热且相变体积变化小,在间歇性工作的电子器件的温控中得到广泛的应用。本文采用将铜泡沫嵌入相变材料中的方法来强化固液相变的传热性能的方法,提出一种封装有金属泡沫和相变材料的复合式散热器结构,实验研究了该散热器的加热表面的温度与时间的变化关系,分析铜泡沫孔隙率、孔密度以及石蜡物性等各个参数对该复合式热沉散热效果的影响。     

刻蚀AlN缓冲层对硅衬底N极性n-GaN表面粗化的影响

研究了等离子体刻蚀AlN缓冲层对硅衬底N极性n-GaN表面粗化行为的影响. 实验结果表明, 表面AlN缓冲层的状态对N极性n-GaN的粗化行为影响很大, 采用等离子体刻蚀去除一部分表面AlN缓冲层即可以有效提高N极性n-GaN在KOH溶液中的粗化效果, AlN缓冲层未经任何刻蚀处理的样品粗化速度过慢, 被刻蚀完全去除AlN缓冲层的样品容易出现粗化过头的现象. 经X射线光电子能谱分析可知, 等离子体刻蚀能够提高样品表面AlN缓冲层Al 2p的电子结合能, 使得样品表面费米能级向导带底靠近, 原子含量测试表明样品表面产生了大量的N空位, N空位提供电子, 使得材料表面费米能级升高, 这降低了KOH溶液和样品表面之间的肖特基势垒, 从而有利于表面粗化的进行. 通过等离子体刻蚀掉表面部分AlN缓冲层, 改善了N极性n-GaN在KOH溶液中的粗化效果, 明显提升了对应发光二级管器件的出光功率.     

科赫分形基底上受限固-固模型动力学标度行为的数值研究

为分析基底结构对离散生长模型动力学性质的影响, 本文在随机游走指数十分接近而分形维数和谱维数均不相同的科赫格子和科赫曲线分形基底上对受限固-固(restricted solid-on-solid)模型的生长过程进行数值模拟研究. 通过分析表面宽度和饱和表面极值高度的统计行为发现: 随机游走的动力学指数能够对饱和粗化表面的动力学行为起主要贡献. 尽管分形基底具有不同的分形维数和谱维数, 但是在两种分形基底上得到了在误差范围内相同的粗造度指数. 两种分形基底上饱和表面相对生长高度极大(小)值分布分别可以很好的塌缩在一起, 且很好的满足Asym2Sig函数分布.     

塑料脱模剂一组分的光谱分析

柱层析色谱分离性能优良的新型塑料脱模剂，纯化后得一主要未知组分。用元素分析、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱研究其结构特征，对其盐酸酸化前后红外光谱吸收峰及核磁带进行了归属分析并确定结构。结果表明，该组分为一表面活性剂N，N-二羟乙基十二烷基胺。这为新型脱模剂的产品开发提供了依据。     

金属表面硅烷试剂膜结构及性能表征方法

综述了用硅烷试剂处理金属表面而形成的保护膜性能及结构的表面分析方法。详述了X射线光电子能谱、红外光谱、次级离子质谱、椭圆光谱、电化学阻抗谱等方法在硅烷处理金属表面过程中的应用 ,通过对膜形成的机制、膜的键合方式、膜结构、膜厚度以及膜的耐蚀性等方面的研究分析 ,探讨了它们对膜性能的影响 ,并用各种不同的参数表征了金属基材上硅烷膜的特性。同时指出了所述各种表面分析方法用于金属表面硅烷膜分析和检测的优点和不足之处 ,讨论了将各种表面分析技术联用起来以期得到更多有用的化学信息 ,以此可以指导硅烷化金属表面处理工艺过程。此外还提到了其他可用于金属表面硅烷膜性能的表征的分析技术 ,展望了金属表面硅烷膜分析的研究。     

Auger电子谱和离子散射谱分析非晶态和晶态CuTi合金系的表面成分

本文用Auger电子能谱(AES)和低能离子散射谱(ISS)第一次研究了非晶态CuTi合金系以及合全试样经加热而部分晶化后的表面成分,发现:铜是表面择优濺射元素,而钛是表面聚集元素。设想在该合金系中元素的濺射率比纯元素时的大大改变了,就可以解释这些实验结果。本文还发现:在合金状态由非晶转变为晶态后,表面成分变化不大。对其可能的原因进行了讨论。     

空腔铜靶的化学镀制研究

 介绍了在预处理芯轴(聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯)表面采用化学镀的方法制备铜空腔的技术,研究了镀液中硫酸铜含量、甲醛含量,镀液pH值、温度等对化学镀铜沉积速率和溶液稳定性的影响。根据实验确定了适宜的化学镀铜工艺规范：硫酸铜质量浓度10~20 g/L,TART·K·Na质量浓度10~30 g/L,EDTA·2Na质量浓度10~28 g/L,甲醛体积浓度10~25 mL/L,添加剂质量浓度10 mg/L,pH值12~13,温度35~65 ℃。通过该工艺制备出的镀层厚度达到10～25 μm,均匀性达到95%,表面无砂眼、裂纹等缺陷,刻蚀芯轴后空腔能自持。该方法为ICF研究制备金属或合金材料靶提供了新的途径。     

表面活性剂对合成碘化亚铜晶体微观结构的影响

利用液相沉淀法,以粗碘为碘源合成了碘化亚铜晶体。采用XRD和SEM分析技术考察了表面活性剂种类对合成碘化亚铜产品晶相组成和微观形貌的影响。结果表明,表面活性剂对合成碘化亚铜产品晶相组成影响较小,但对晶体微观形貌具有较大的影响。分别以柠檬酸、十二烷基磺酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、聚乙二醇-6000为表面活性剂制得碘化亚铜晶体尺寸较大、易团聚。以聚乙二醇-6000和1%水合肼为表面活性剂可制备出尺寸均匀(50—100nm),分散较好的纳米球形γ-CuI晶体。     

添加剂对LiBr溶液吸收蒸汽过程中的强化机理

利用吊板法测量了加有正辛醇和异辛醇这两种添加剂的溴化锂溶液的表面张力 ,利用激光照相的可视化方法研究了在静池吸收过程中添加剂对溴化锂溶液吸收水蒸汽的强化影响 .实验结果显示液体添加剂和蒸汽添加剂都能显著地降低溴化锂溶液的表面张力 ;蒸汽添加剂不仅和液体添加剂一样可以在吸收表面引起马拉戈尼对流 ,而且对吸收具有更好的强化效果 .根据对实验现象的分析 ,得出了添加剂对吸收的强化机理 :由于溶液表面层对液体添加剂或蒸汽添加剂的表面吸附作用 ,造成吸收界面处表面张力分布不均匀 ,从而在吸收界面引起马拉戈尼对流现象 ,强化了吸收过程中的传热、传质性能     

液体变焦技术的发展与展望

介绍一种非移动式变焦技术一液体变焦技术。对国内外液体变焦技术的科研成果进行了归纳和总结,介绍了液体变焦透镜的基本原理及实现形式,分析了液体透镜的优异性能及其对光学领域的影响。根据液体变焦技术的发展现状和工程应用情况,指出液体变焦技术目前的研究重点主要应放在如何克服温度场和重力场对液体透镜性能的影响等机理研究,液体透镜的离轴系统和非对称系统的设计以及加速液体透镜的产品化等工作上。     

Stabilization and scalable block preconditioning for the Navier–Stokes equations

This study compares several block-oriented preconditioners for the stabilized finite element discretization of the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. This includes standard additive Schwarz domain decomposition methods, aggressive coarsening multigrid, and three preconditioners based on an approximate block LU factorization, specifically SIMPLEC, LSC, and PCD. Robustness is considered with a particular focus on the impact that different stabilization methods have on preconditioner performance. Additionally, parallel scaling studies are undertaken. The numerical results indicate that aggressive coarsening multigrid, LSC and PCD all have good algorithmic scalability. Coupling this with the fact that block methods can be applied to systems arising from stable mixed discretizations implies that these techniques are a promising direction for developing scalable methods for Navier–Stokes.     

The influence of Si on the microstructure and sintering behavior of ultrafine WC

The microstructure of sintered nanoscale tungsten carbide powders with 1?wt % Si addition was found to be populated by an abnormally large number of elongated grains. Interrupted sintering experiments were conducted to clarify the origins of the excessive abnormal grain growth seen in the microstructure. It was observed that rapid coarsening occurred at high temperatures owing to the formation of a liquid phase. However, the grain shape evolution during this coarsening period was found to be a consequence of excessive stacking faults and micro twins on the basal planes probably generated by reaction of WC with Si. Analyses of the microstructures and the isothermal and non isothermal coarsening behaviors suggested that the platelet morphology evolved by defect-assisted nucleation and growth on faceted grains. Based on experimental evidence from samples interrupted at low temperatures and crystal growth theories, we discuss the possible mechanisms that eventually led to the rampant platelet-type morphology. Further, the influence of such rapid grain growth on the shrinkage rate during sintering is also discussed. In comparison with the cyclic coarsening-densification process of sintering in pure nanoscale WC, the addition of Si leads to only two distinct sintering stages: either densification dominated or coarsening dominated. Concurrent densification and coarsening cannot be sustained particularly in the presence of a liquid phase that significantly enhances coarsening.     

A new approach to the continuum modeling of epitaxial growth: slope selection,coarsening, and the role of the uphill current

We develop a new approach to the macroscopic modeling of epitaxial growth, focusing on the slope selection and coarsening observed in spiral-mode growth. Our model distinguishes between the surface height and the surface adatom density. These quantities evolve by a coupled pair of partial differential equations: a Hamilton–Jacobi equation for the height, coupled to a nonlinear diffusion equation for the adatom density. The influence of the Ehrlich–Schwoebel barrier is included through an “uphill current” in the equation for adatom density. Our model predicts slope selection and coarsening—thus it offers a possible mechanism for these effects. The model predicts, in particular, that the coarsening rate depends mainly on the strength of the Ehrlich–Schwoebel barrier.     

Dynamics of coarsening foams: accelerated and self-limiting drainage

The evolution of a foam is determined by drainage flow of the continuous (liquid) phase and coarsening (aging) of the dispersed phase (gas bubbles). Free-drainage experiments with slow- and fast-coarsening gases show markedly different dynamics and elucidate the importance of the coupling of the two effects. Strong coarsening leads to drainage times that are shorter (accelerated drainage) and independent of the initial liquid content (self-limiting drainage). A model incorporating the physics of both drainage and diffusive coarsening shows quantitative agreement with experiment.     

Microstructure and properties of a copper electrocontact material with a nanodispersed titanium dioxide additive

The influence of TiO₂ nanopowder additive on the microstructure, physicomechanical properties, and performance characteristics of a copper-based composite is studied. The properties of the composites are compared with those of pure copper compacts. The microstructure and state of the composite’s working surface after performance tests are examined. It is shown that, when the amount of TiO₂ grows, the hardness of the material rises and the arc quenching effect is enhanced.     

离子液体存在下铜的电沉积及其表面增强拉曼散射效应研究

离子液体作为一种绿色介质,在电化学领域中的研究正在兴起,引起了研究者的浓厚兴趣。文章运用循环伏安法研究了离子液体(1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐,[bmim]BF4)存在时,酸性硫酸铜溶液中铜在铜电极上的电化学沉积行为。研究表明,[bmim]BF4的加入使铜的沉积峰电位负移,沉积电流增加。采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对铜镀层的形貌及结构进行表征,结果显示离子液体的存在可使铜镀层的层状晶粒尺寸减小,镀层出现(220)高择优取向。以甲基橙(MO)为探针分子,研究了所得铜镀层的表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)效应,发现离子液体存在下得到的铜镀层是较好的SERS基底,具有良好的增强效果及稳定性。对MO分子的增强因子可达4.7×105,而且保存了60天后,其检测灵敏度没有显著的降低。     

Steering liquid Pt-Si nanodroplets on Si(100) by interactions with surface steps

Liquid eutectic Pt-Si droplets, migrating across a Si(100) surface due to an applied temperature gradient, interact measurably with surface steps. An analysis of the interaction yields a critical size of hundreds of nanometers below which droplets are constrained to move parallel to monolayer steps. Bunches of closely spaced steps are capable of guiding larger, micron-sized droplets. This steering by steps or step bunches may be used for the controlled manipulation of liquid droplets on patterned surfaces, and affects fundamental surface processes such as coarsening.     

Adsorption characteristics of parent and copper-sputtered RD silica gels

Surface modification of type RD silica gel was achieved by depositing layers of thin-film copper on the parent silica gel surfaces so as to improve their performances, circumventing the poor thermal conductivity of the adsorbent. Porous properties (surface area, pore size and volume) were determined using nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherm measurements, which were performed on adsorbents for both parent and Cu-sputtered silica gels in liquid nitrogen at a temperature of 77.4?K. The copper sputtering experiments were conducted in a chamber of inert argon gas where the chamber was bombarded with a radio frequency (RF) of 13.56?MHz. The comparative performance of the parent and Cu-sputtered silica gels was determined via various key measurements such the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), the Horvath and Kawazoe (HK) and the hot-disc sensor methods.