Ghost imaging with electromagnetic stochastic beams

The dependence of ghost images on polarization properties of illumination is revealed. We derive the general formulas pertaining to ghost imaging by means of electromagnetic stochastic beams and, in particular, study the case when the illumination beam belongs to the class of electromagnetic Gaussian Schell-model beams and is incident onto a soft two-dimensional aperture. We find under which conditions that source polarization may reduce/enhance the ghost image and its visibility.     

Performance of third-order ghost imaging with second-order intensity correlation

The third-order ghost imaging with the second-order intensity correlation is theoretically and experimentally demonstrated.The resolution and visibility of the reconstructed image are discussed,and the relationship between resolution and visibility is analyzed.The theoretical results show that a tradeoff exists between the visibility and resolution of the reconstructed image;the better the image resolution,the worse the image visibility.Numerical simulations are carried out to verify this theory,and a ghost...     

光的偏振对热光关联成像的影响

根据完全偏振光的不同偏振态和部分偏振光的不同偏振度对二阶关联函数的影响,利用统计光学理论研究了光的不同偏振性质对关联成像的可见度和信噪比的影响.研究表明,光的偏振对热光关联成像的影响体现在部分偏振光的不同偏振度上,关联成像的可见度是偏振度的二次函数,由二阶关联函数方法得到的信噪比随着偏振度增大而提高,而利用减去背景项的二阶关联函数以及二阶相干度方法得到的信噪比均与偏振度无关. 关键词： 关联成像 偏振 可见度 信噪比     

The impact of light polarization on imaging visibility of Nth-order intensity correlation with thermal light

The relationship between the imaging visibility of arbitrary Nth-order intensity correlation with thermal light and light’s degree of polarization is investigated. It is shown that for the same order correlation, the value of visibility with partially polarized light is greater than that with natural light but smaller than that with completely polarized light, and the visibility in all three cases is remarkably enhanced as N increases.     

基于互结构正则约束的红外偏振图像增强算法

为有效改善红外偏振图像视觉效应,提高红外偏振成像质量,提出了基于互结构正则约束的红外偏振图像增强算法。根据红外偏振特性描述,对Stokes参数Q分量与U分量进行加权邻域梯度融合,获得起偏特征图像,捕获目标边缘、轮廓的偏振特性;提出互结构正则约束模型,以梯度幅值相似算子联合正则约束融合结果与起偏特征图像的边缘结构相似性,及与辐射强度图像的灰度一致性,优化得到增强后的高质量红外偏振图像。实验结果表明,基于互结构正则约束的红外偏振图像增强算法,能有效提高红外偏振图像对比度与清晰度,同时提升复杂背景下人造目标边缘轮廓的偏振显著性,算法快速,工程实时性高.     

Metrology of degree of coherence of circularly polarized optical waves

The use of the method of field polarization modulation for defining the degree of coherence of circularly polarized waves is offered. The role of the reference circularly polarized wave in transforming the spatial distribution of polarization into the depth of visibility modulation of the resulting distribution, which can be metrologically estimated and analyzed, is demonstrated.     

多尺度奇异值分解的偏振图像融合去雾算法与实验

针对现有偏振去雾算法鲁棒性不强和图像增强效果有限的问题,提出一种基于多尺度奇异值分解的图像融合去雾算法.首先,利用偏振测量信息的冗余特性,采用最小二乘法,提高了传统偏振图像去雾算法中偏振信息的准确度;然后,从传统偏振图像去雾算法的局限性出发,定性分析了偏振图像融合去雾的可行性,并提出了一种基于多尺度奇异值分解的偏振图像...     

强度涨落在热光鬼成像中的作用

热光鬼成像的图像质量在实际应用中具有重要作用. 通过理论分析和数值模拟, 发现光场的强度涨落程度会影响热光鬼成像的对比度, 基于此, 提出可以通过调节热光场的平均强度和强度波动的方差来提高成像对比度, 并且研究了这一方法对成像信噪比的影响. 将这种方法与另一种提高成像对比度的方法——高阶鬼成像进行了对比, 所得结果将有助于提高对热光鬼成像的理解. 关键词： 鬼成像 强度涨落 对比度 信噪比     

Iterative filtered ghost imaging

It is generally believed that, in ghost imaging, there has to be a compromise between resolution and visibility. Here we propose and demonstrate an iterative filtered ghost imaging scheme whereby a super-resolution image of a grayscale object is achieved, while at the same time the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and visibility are greatly improved, without adding complexity. The dependence of the SNR, visibility, and resolution on the number of iterations is also investigated and discussed. Moreover, with the use of compressed sensing the sampling number can be reduced to less than 1% of the Nyquist limit, while maintaining image quality with a resolution that can exceed the Rayleigh diffraction bound by more than a factor of 10.     

基于最大和最小光强图像的偏振去雾方法

相对于传统光学探测技术,偏振探测在目标探测、识别方面有着独特的优势。针对雾、霾等天气下图像退化的问题,提出一种利用偏振信息的图像去雾方法,通过获取3个角度下目标的偏振图像,求解出场景目标的斯托克斯矢量,从斯托克斯矢量与穆勒矩阵的关系出发,分析偏振图像光强随着偏振角度的变化规律,获取最大和最小光强下的正交偏振图像,利用偏振滤波和亮通道先验方法分别估算大气光偏振度和其无穷远处大气光强值,最终重构出无雾图像。实验结果表明,在雾霾天气下,利用获取的正交偏振图像能够重构出清晰的图像,且重构图像的平均梯度和边缘强度均提升了约3倍,灰度标准差提升了约88%。     

Polarization-based range-gated imaging in birefringent medium:Effect of size parameter

We have investigated the effect of size parameter of the scatterer on the image quality obtained with polarization-based range-gated imaging in birefringent turbid medium. Both linearly and circularly polarized light were utilized for imaging.The simulated results indicate that the improvement of visibility is more pronounced using circularly polarized light for the birefringent medium composed of smaller-sized scatterers at lower values of optical thickness and the birefringent medium comprising larger-sized scatterers. In contrast, linearly polarized light provides better image quality for the birefringent medium composed of smaller-sized scatterers at larger values of optical thickness. The evolution of the polarization characteristics of backscattered light and target light under the conditions mentioned above was measured to account for these numerical results.     

Enhancement of fringe visibility in a fibre interferometer

A simple method for increasing fringe visibility of an interference pattern in a Mach-Zehnder type fibre interferometer is presented. In order to obtain high visibility, two elliptically polarized waves emitted from fibres with birefringence are transformed into two linearly polarized waves of equal amplitude and with parallel planes of polarization by using ordinary optical components. Instability of fringe patterns due to temperature fluctuation of the air surrounding the fibres is also discussed.     

基于反射型物体的高阶非相干热光源关联成像性能研究

现有基于热光源的关联成像主要是针对透射型物体,这样可简化关联成像分析过程。然而对于成像的实际应用,比如遥感技术,反射型物体将具有更大的实用价值。基于非相干均亮的热光源,对反射型物体的高阶关联成像进行了研究,推导出其高阶反射关联成像的关联函数、可见度及信噪比的解析式;对比二阶反射关联成像,讨论阶数对关联成像性能的影响。研究结果表明,对于反射型物体的关联成像,随着阶数的增加,成像的可见度得到提高,但信噪比下降,同时能够通过增加测量次数增加成像的信噪比。     

基于光场一阶关联的时域成像

与通常利用二阶强度关联测量实现时域鬼成像不同,本文利用时域热光源借助干涉仪通过一阶关联实现时域成像.基于空域光束的近轴衍射和时域窄带脉冲在色散介质中色散之间的空间-时间二象性,在时域脉冲响应函数的基础上得到了表征一阶关联时域成像的强度表达式,分析研究了光源脉冲宽度和相干时间对成像可见度和分辨率的影响.结果一方面表明基于热光场一阶关联的时域成像在不需要额外色散补偿或消除条件下可以实现时域物体信号的再现,另一方面表明当光源脉冲宽度一定时,成像可见度随光源脉冲相干时间的增加而增加,但是成像分辨率逐渐降低,其中当光源脉冲宽度约为100 ps,相干时间约为0.5 ps时,间隔为20 ps,宽度为8 ps的时域矩形波型物体的成像质量(兼顾可见度和分辨率)较好.该结果对于基于热光一阶关联的时域成像在时序信号测量中的应用具有重要意义.     

High-order ghost imaging with N-colour thermal light

High-order ghost imaging with thermal light consisting of N different frequencies is investigated. The high-order intensity correlation and intrinsic correlation functions are derived for such N-colour light. It is found that they are similar in form to those for the monochromatic case, thus most of the conclusions we obtained previously for monochromatic Nth-order ghost imaging are still applicable. However, we find that the visibility of the N-colour ghost image depends strongly on the wavelength used to illuminate the object, and increases as this wavelength increases when the test arm is fixed. On the contrary, changes of wavelength in the reference arms do not lead to any change of the visibility.     

多角度探测的不同材质表面偏振特性实验分析

相比于强度探测,使用偏振探测的方法能有效增强地物目标(如伪装目标)识别的准确性。设计并搭建偏振特性测试系统,对铁板、玻璃板、绿漆涂层铁板、绿漆涂层玻璃板、草皮这5种目标进行多角度偏振成像实验。首先,通过旋转偏振片将入射光源设置为完全线偏振光。其次,在偏振相机镜头前加滤光片,来获取同一中心波段下5种材质在各个探测天顶角、探测方位角下的图像。最后,将获得的偏振图像进行偏振度计算。结果表明,不同材质的保偏特性不同,且物体偏振度只与材质表面涂层有关,与内部组成成分无关;在镜面反射方向,目标的偏振度最大。这说明偏振光探测能作为材料分类的依据,可应用于遥感探测、物证搜寻等方面,还对反偏振侦察的特殊伪装材料制作有一定指导意义。     

Polarization singularities in partially coherent combined beams

Vector singularities are predicted and discovered experimentally in partially polarized combined fields formed by incoherent superposition of orthogonally polarized beams. Such singularities are U contours with zero degree of polarization and isolated P points with unit degree of polarization centered at vortices of the orthogonally polarized component of the combined beam. Crossing a U contour switches the polarization state to the orthogonal one. The above-mentioned singularities are adequately described in terms of the complex degree of polarization in the Stokes-space representation. It is shown that the field elements corresponding to the extrema of the complex degree of polarization form the vector skeleton of a partially coherent nonuniformly polarized field.     

Estimation precision of the degree of polarization from a single speckle intensity image

We address the problem of the estimation of the degree of polarization from a single intensity image. For that purpose, one considers the case of coherent active imagery that leads to speckle fluctuations and assumes that the measured intensity image corresponds to a fully developed speckle for each polarized component of the electric field. In particular, we determine the Cramer-Rao bound of the degree of polarization estimation and propose to illustrate this result by analyzing the variance of different simple estimators.     

基于偏振信息的遥感图像大气散射校正

大气散射严重影响了航空遥感图像的质量。为了提高航空遥感图像的识别能力,提出一种基于偏振信息的航空遥感图像大气散射校正方法。大气散射具有显著的偏振特性,而对于垂直探测的地物辐射信号偏振度非常低,该方法正是利用大气散射偏振特性与地物目标偏振特性的差别,从图像中提取地物目标辐射信息,从而提高遥感图像的质量。通过机载多波段偏振CCD相机获取航空偏振遥感图像数据,并采用一组443 nm波段的航空偏振图像数据进行图像大气散射校正实验,实验结果表明该方法能有效地进行航空遥感图像的大气散射校正,从而提高了航空遥感图像的识别能力。     

A method to improve the visibility of ghost images obtained by thermal light

A method, which is based on the correlation measurement of intensity fluctuations in time-space-average domain, is invented to improve the visibility of ghost images obtained by thermal light. We demonstrate that the visibility of ghost images can be significantly enhanced using this method. A corresponding evaluation standard of the visibility of images and effects influencing the visibility of ghost images, such as the weight factor γ and speckle frame numbers, are also discussed.