Water Sorption Properties and Antimicrobial Action of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles-Loaded Cellulose Acetate Films

In this work, ZnO nanoparticles loaded cellulose acetate (ZOLCA) films have been prepared and characterized by XRD, SPR and SEM analysis. The moisture permeation properties of the films have been investigated. The GAB isotherm model has been found to fit well on the moisture uptake data obtained at different temperatures. The monolayer sorption capacity χ_m was found to decrease from 0.059 to 0.0079 g water/g dry film with increase in temperature from 20 to 37°C. The isosteric heat of sorption, when studied in the lower water activity range of 0.04 to 0.10, was evaluated to be 46.55 to 87.29 kJ/mol. The water vapor permeability across the ZOLCA films was found to increase with temperature and activation energy of moisture sorption process was found to be 48.57 kJ/mol. These films have shown excellent antibacterial action against model bacteria E-Coli when investigated by qualitative and quantitative methods. Films exhibit great potential to be used as edible films to protect food stuff against microbial infections.     

Preparation of Arabinoxylan and its Sorption on Bacterial Cellulose During Cultivation

The sorption of arabinoxylan (AX) on bacterial cellulose was investigated by adding AX to the culture medium of Gluconacetobacter xylinus. The starting AX material was produced by alkaline extraction of oat spelts. To investigate the impact of varying AX quality, the residual lignin was reduced by ClO₂ bleaching. Furthermore, bleached and unbleached xylans were subjected to xylanase hydrolysis in order to produce fractions of varying molar mass. Of all samples only the water soluble fractions were used for sorption experiments. A reduced molar mass resulted in a lower sorption of AX to the cellulose, while the lignin content increased the sorption of AX on bacterial cellulose. The sorption of AX resulted in a reduction of bacterial cellulose crystallinity and cellulose Iα content. In combined treatments of AX with xyloglucan and β-glucan no synergistic effect of those polysaccharides on the AX sorption was found.     

Alteration of Bacterial Cellulose Properties by Diacetylglycerol

Bacterial cellulose (BC) was altered by means of 0.5-2.5% w/v diacetylglycerol in acetone-water through impregnation process provided DGBC composites. Results from the scanning electron microscope images, revealed that diacetylglycerol filled the pores of BC, leads to the significant enhanced in hydrophilicity and caused a smoother BC morphology. The addition of diacetylglycerol into BC caused a slightly changed in crystallinity indexes and bring about the reduction in tensile strength and Young's modulus but increased in elongation at break and toughness. The significant reduction of tensile strength and Young's modulus was achieved for DGBC 2.5% as well as for elongation at break and hydrophylicity improvement. Through the impregnation method, diacetylglycerol serves as biodegrada–ble and safe plasticizer, resulted in less rigid and higher ductility DGBC composites.     

纤维素/壳聚糖共混透明膜的制备及阻隔抗菌性能研究

利用壳聚糖溶液包覆法制备了具有高气体阻隔性及抗菌性的透明纤维素膜,其扫描电镜照片证明壳聚糖厚度在1.31 ～4.07 μm之间.通过红外光谱、紫外光谱、热重分析仪、电子万能试验机和接触角测试仪对纤维素/壳聚糖共混膜的结构和性能进行了详细研究,结果表明由于壳聚糖和纤维素之间具有一定的氢键相互作用,使得纤维素/壳聚糖共混膜较好地保持了纯纤维素膜的机械强度,其拉伸强度都大于110 MPa.此外,壳聚糖的包覆对纤维素膜的透明性没有影响,它在600 ～ 800 nm处的透光率仍维持在80％左右,并且提高了纤维素膜的疏水性,其水接触角从纤维素膜的70°提高到了100°.利用气体渗透仪进一步研究了纤维素/壳聚糖共混膜的氧气阻隔性,结果表明该膜具有很好的氧气阻隔性,其氧气渗透系数甚至低于市场上理想的氧气阻隔材料乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVA).金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌测试表明,通过壳聚糖包覆法改性纤维素能够明显提高纤维素膜的抗菌性.     

Study of the Structure and Sorption Properties of Some Types of Cellulose

The pulsed NMR, isopiestic and pycnometric methods are applied to investigate the physicochemical properties of softwood [GOST (State Standard) 9571-89] and hardwood [GOST 28172-89] celluloses, as well as flax cellulose [GOST 10330-76, 9394-76], both in the initial state and subjected to chemical treatment. Possible changes occurring in the supramolecular structure of a polymer are analyzed. The structural and sorption characteristics of the investigated samples are calculated. Their water absorption capacities are determined.     

Structure and Transport Properties of Films of Mixed Cellulose Esters

Cellulose acetomyristates of varied composition were studied. The sample volume abnormally increases in high-temperature stretching and after swelling in benzene. Cellulose acetomyristates can be used as membranes for separating aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons.     

新型液晶材料细菌纤维素苯甲酸酯的合成与表征

以细菌纤维素（BC）为原料,通过酯化反应制备了细菌纤维素苯甲酸酯（BBC）．用红外（FT-IR）表征了产物结构,并且通过DSC、POM和WAXD研究了产物的热致液晶织构及其性能．从DSC和POM研究得知,细菌纤维素苯甲酸酯在281．7℃-356．3℃之间可以形成近晶型液晶相．     

Properties and Bioapplications of Blended Cellulose and Corn Protein Films

A series of blend films have been prepared from cellulose and corn protein in a NaOH/urea solution by a simple, low cost, and ‘green’ pathway. Their structure and properties are characterized by amino acid analysis, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, and tensile testing. The results reveal that a certain miscibility exists between cellulose and corn protein and their thermal stability and mechanical properties are improved significantly, compared with the protein materials, when the protein content is less than 18 wt.‐%. The protein, which contains tyrosine and histidine, could remain in the blend films after being washed for ten days, which indicates the strong hydrogen bonding between the hydroxy groups of cellulose and the hydroxyphenyl of tyrosine and imidazolyl of histidine in the protein. Furthermore, they exhibit good biocompatibility capable of supporting cell adhesion and proliferation.

     

Structural Features and Properties of Bacterial Cellulose Produced in Agitated Culture

The structure and some properties of bacterial cellulose produced in agitated culture were studied. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that there was almost no difference between reticulated structures of bacterial cellulose fibrils produced in agitated culture and in static culture. Nevertheless, bacterial cellulose produced in agitated culture exhibited microstuctural changes, namely, a low degree of polymerization and a low crystallinity index. A CP/MAS ¹³C NMR analysis revealed that the cellulose I content of the cellulose produced in agitated culture was lower than that of the cellulose produced in static culture. The bacterial cellulose produced in agitated culture had a lower Young's modulus of sheet, a higher water holding capacity and a higher suspension viscosity in the disintegrated form than that produced in static culture.     

纤维素/全硫化弹性纳米粒子复合膜的制备与性能

利用碱脲溶剂低温溶解纤维素,在该体系中掺杂一定比例的全硫化羧基丁苯弹性纳米粒子,制备了纤维素/全硫化弹性纳米粒子复合膜.通过透射电镜、扫描电镜、WAXD、固体核磁共振、热分析和力学性能测试等对该复合膜的结构和性能进行了表征.结果表明,全硫化羧基丁苯弹性纳米粒子(CSB ENP)均匀的分散在具有微纳孔洞结构的纤维素基体中.CSB ENP的引入对纤维素再生过程中的结晶性影响不大.纤维素/全硫化弹性纳米粒子复合膜具有良好的透光性,并且热稳定性也有所提高.加入少量的CSB ENP可以增韧纤维素膜,且能保持良好的力学性能.当CSB ENP的含量为5 wt%时复合膜的断裂拉伸强度和断裂伸长率同时得到了提高.     

Carboxymethylation of Bacterial Cellulose

The carboxymethylation of bacterial cellulose (BC) was studied under typical heterogeneous reaction conditions. It was found that the BC possesses a significantly lower reactivity compared to wood cellulose converted under comparable conditions. Moreover, water-solubility of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) obtained from BC appears at rather high degree of substitution of about 1.5 although a nearly statistical functionalization pattern was analyzed by HPLC. Obviously, the nano-structure of BC is important for the reactivity and the properties of the synthesized CMC like water-solubility.     

Physicochemical and Sorption Properties of Silica Gel with Immobilized Xylenol Orange Surface Groups

Organomineral sorbents were prepared by sorption immobilization of Xylenol Orange on the surface of two different samples of silica gel from aqueous solutions with pH 1.68 under static conditions. The diffusion coefficients of Xylenol Organe in the near-surface layer of silica gel and the equilibrium sorption constants were determined. Wash-out of the dye from the sorbent was studied. Sorption of Cu(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) on the sorbents from aqueous solutions with pH 5.8 was studied.__________Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Khimii, Vol. 78, No. 1, 2005, pp. 73–78.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Korneev, Kholin.     

Structure and Properties of Bacterial Cellulose Produced Using a Trickling Bed Reactor

Structure and properties of bacterial cellulose (BC) produced by trickling fermentation were studied. The following indexes, such as extrinsic shapes, microstructure, chemical structure, purity, water holding capacity, porosity, and thermogravimetric characteristics, are recommended for assessing the structure and properties of bacterial cellulose. With the comparison to bacterial cellulose produced by static fermentation and shaking fermentation, the results showed that for different BC cultivation methods, the extrinsic shapes, synthetic mode, and microstructure were different. The basic consistency of the infrared spectrogram from three kinds of bacterial cellulose reflected that the chemical structures were very similar. But the –OH associating degree of trickling fermentation BC was higher, and the polymerization degree, purity, water holding capacity, porosity, and thermal stability of trickling fermentation BC were also higher than those of static fermentation BC and shaking fermentation BC. But the crystallinity and crystal grain size of trickling fermentation BC were less than those of static fermentation BC and greater than those of shaking fermentation BC and plant fiber. These above structure and properties of trickling fermentation BC could reference bacterial cellulose’s application in food and material field.     

Kinetics of Antibiotic Sorption by Monocarboxyl Cellulose

Kinetics of the sorption of lincomycin and gentamicin from aqueous solutions of their salts and bases, as well as a cephalosporin group antibiotic cephalexin having the zwitterionic nature, by monocarboxyl cellulose is studied. It is disclosed that the sorption of the studied antibiotics is characterized by a combined diffusion type of kinetics. Effective diffusion coefficients (D _eff) are determined, and it is shown that they correspond to the times (t _1/2) of half-equilibrium establishment and increase with passing from lincomycin to gentamicin and, further, to cephalexin. The D _eff and t _1/2 values are found to depend on solution pH and the degree of cellulose sorbent swelling.     

阳离子化纳米纤维素晶体增强壳聚糖复合膜的制备及性能

利用水相连续法实现了纳米纤维素晶体(NCC)的高碘酸钠氧化及阳离子化,然后将阳离子化纳米纤维素晶体(CDAC)悬浮液与壳聚糖(CTS)醋酸溶液混合,并采用流延法制得壳聚糖-纳米纤维素(CTS-CDAC)复合膜。采用红外光谱(FT-IR)、透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、Zeta电位及粒径分析表征了改性前后NCC的结构与性能,并研究了制得的CDAC悬浮液与CTS醋酸溶液混合时的相容性及CTS-CDAC复合膜中CDAC质量分数对复合膜力学性能、水溶胀性的影响。结果表明:CDAC悬浮液与CTS醋酸溶液混合时相容性良好,CDAC在CTS基质中分散均匀,CTS-CDAC复合膜的力学性能较纯CTS膜明显提高。当复合膜中CDAC的质量分数为12%时,拉伸强度达到最高。另外,CTS-CDAC复合膜在水中的溶胀度较纯CTS膜明显降低,稳定性变好。     

Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of Benzoic and Thiosalicylic Acids Adsorbed on Fine Ag Particle-Impregnated Cellulose Gel Films

Cellulose acetate gel film impregnated with fine Ag particles has been prepared by a counter diffusion method. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of benzoic and thiosalicylic acids was observed using the impregnated films. It seems likely that these acids adsorb dissociatively on the surface of impregnated films. The impregnated film can be used as a highly sensitive substrate for Raman scattering.     

Analytical Investigations of Bacterial Cellulose

The cultivation of the bacterium Acetobacter xylinus AX 5 was carried out in the common Hestrin-Schramm medium containing D -glucose as C-source and citric acid as buffer component. HPLC studies proved to be convenient methods to investigate the stability and interactions of these constituents in the starting culture liquid. Within the initial sterilization step and limited by the citric acid, up to 6% of the D -glucose was partially isomerized to D-fructose and degraded to dark-yellow products. In static culture, A. xylinus AX 5 produces cellulose extracellularly on the surface of this medium. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy represents a suitable analytical method to characterize the supramolecular structure of the bacterial cellulose in never-dried, air-dried, and freeze-dried states. It could be demonstrated that the drying process reduces the degree of crystallinity in the range of about 12% without changes in the Iα/β ratio of these cellulose modifications.     

再生纤维素荧光膜

由纤维素铜氨溶液与钒磷酸钇：铕，铝酸钡镁；铕，硫化锌镉：铜和硅酸锌：锰荧光粉混合分别制备了４种再生纤维素荧光膜，研究了这些膜的荧光光谱，相对荧光强度，结晶度及力学性能变化。实验结果表明当添加５％荧光粉时，含钒磷酸钇：铕，铝酸钡镁：铕和硫化锌镉：铜的膜仍保持光粉的结晶峰，在紫外光照射下分别发出红，蓝，黄荧光，其相对荧光强度依次为８１％，７９％及７４％。当膜含５％硅酸锌：锰时，在紫外光照射下发射微弱的