Synthesis of bis(glycosylamino)alkanes and bis(glycosylamino)arenes

The condensation of D-mannose and D-galactose with aliphatic and aromatic diamines afforded a series of bis(glycosylamino)alkanes and-arenes. A possible mechanism was proposed for the formation of 1,2-bis(β-D-glycosylamino)benzenes. Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 12, pp. 2793–2801, December, 2005.     

Synthesis of new bis[p-(phenylethynyl)phenyl]hetarylenes and bis[p-(phenylglyoxalyl)phenyl]hetarylenes

A series of new bis[p-(phenylethynyi)phenyl]hetarylenes was obtained by cross-coupling between heteroaromatic dibromides and phenylacetylene catalyzed by phosphine complexes of palladium in the presence of Cul and an organic base. Bis[p-(phenylethynyl)phe-nyl]hetarylenes were oxidized to the corresponding bis[p-(phenylglyoxalyl)phenylihetarylenes using the I₂-DMSO system.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 9, pp. 2359–2361, September, 1996.     

Synthesis and characterization of sodium bis(trimethylstannyl) amide and bis(trimethylsilyl) bis(trimethylstannyl) -phospha-tetrazene

Sodium bis(trimethylstannyl)amide NaN(SnMe₃)₂, isolated by the reaction of trimethylstannyldiethylamine with sodium amide, reacts with tris(trimethylsilyl)hydrazino—dichloro-phosphine to form bis(trimethylsilyl)bis(trimethylstannyl)-2-phospha-2-tetrazene, (Me₃Si)₂N-N=P-N(SnMe₃)₂. Both the molecules have been isolated and characterized.     

Synthesis, spectrophotometry, and X-ray diffraction studies of a new salt: p-xylylenebis(tetrahydrothiophenium) bis(triiodide)

A new salt, p-xylylenebis(tetrahydrothiophenium) bis(triiodide) C₁₆H₂₄I₆S₂, was prepared. The molecular structure of the salt was studied by X-ray diffraction; the factors that form the crystal packing represented by...Ct...I₃...I₃...Ct... type chains (Ct is cation) were identified. The stability of p-xylylenebis(tetrahydrothiophenium) diiodochlorides and triiodides was estimated by spectrophotometry using the average iodine number function . Published in Russian in Izvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 7, pp. 1341–1344, July, 2007.     

(N-methyl-N-alkoxymethylaminomethyl)dialkoxysilanes and bis[N-methyl-N-(dialkoxysilylmethyl)amino]methanes

(N-methyl-N-alkoxymethylaminomethyl)-dialkoxysilanes and bis[N-methyl-N-(dialkoxymethyl)amino]methanes were first obtained by the interaction of (N-methylaminomethyl) dialkoxy-R-silanes with chloromethyl alkyl ethers in yields of 40–67% and 10–25 %, respectively.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 2, pp. 382–383, February, 1995.     

Synthesis of N-nitrooxazolidines and N-nitrotetrahydro-1,3-oxazines from N-(2-hydroxyalkyl)- and N-(3-hydroxyalkyl)sulfamates

A method was developed for the preparation of functionally substituted N-nitrooxazolidines and N-nitrotetrahydro-1,3-oxazines by nitration of the products obtained in the reactions of N-(2-hydroxyalkyl)- and N-(3-hydroxyalkyl)sulfamates with formaldehyde.     

Syntheis of amino-substituted 1,3-bis(tert-butyl-NNO-azoxy)benzenes

Oxidation of 4,6-dichloro-1,3-phenylenediamine with Caro's acid yields the corresponding dinitrosobenzene, which reacts withN,N-dibromo-tert-butylamine to give 1,5-bis(tert-butyl-NNO-azoxy)-2,4-dichlorobenzene. Treatment of the latter with ammonia yields 4-amino-and 4,6-diamino-1,3-bis(tert-butyl-NNO-azoxy)benzenes. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya. No. 7, pp. 1307–1310, July, 1999.     

三(邻甲基苄基)氯化锡和二(对甲基苄基)二氯化锡的合成和晶体结构

将邻甲基氯苄和对甲基氯苄在适当的溶剂中与锡粉反应，合成了三(邻甲基苄基)氯化锡1和二(对甲基苄基)二氯化锡2，用X射线衍射方法测定了化合物的晶体结构。化合物(1)的晶体属三方晶系，空间群为R3，晶体学参数：a=1.329 36(8) nm，b=1.329 36(8) nm，c=2.147 0(3) nm，α=β=90°，γ=120°，V=3.285 8(5) nm³，Z=6，D_c=1.424 g·cm^-3，μ(Mo Kα)=12.93 cm^-1，F(000)=1 428，R₁=0.037 1，wR=0.110 2。化合物2的晶体属单斜晶系，空间群为C2/c，晶体学参数：a=2.850 4(3) nm，b=0.491 23(5) nm，c=1.215 32(12) nm，β=112.517(2)°，V=1.571 9(3) nm³，Z=4，D_c=1.690 g·cm^-3，μ(Mo Kα)=19.49 cm^-1，F(000)=792，R₁=0.038 0，wR₂=0.109 4；中心锡原子为畸变四面体配位构型。     

二(o-溴苄基)锡双(二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸)酯和二(o-氯苄基)锡双(吡咯啶二硫代氨基甲酸)酯的合成、结构及体外抗癌活性研究

二（o-溴苄基）二溴化锡和二（o-氯苄基）二氯化锡分别与N,N-二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠和吡咯啶二硫代氨基甲酸钠反应,合成了二（o-溴苄基）锡双（二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸）酯（1）和二（o-氯苄基）锡双（吡咯啶二硫代氨基甲酸）酯（2）。用X-射线单晶衍射测定了两个化合物的晶体结构,测试结果表明：化合物1的晶体为单斜晶系,空间群P2₁/c,晶体学参数a=1.82736（4）nm,b=0.90060（2）nm,c=1.98841（5）nm,β=114.8780（10）°,V=2.96871（12）nm³,Z=4,D_c=1.690g·cm^-3,μ（MoKα）=38.50cm^-1,F（000）=1496,R₁=0.0516,wR₂=0.1546。化合物2的晶体为单斜晶系,空间群C2/c,晶体学参数a=2.24128（4）nm,b=0.81878（2）nm,c=1.54269（3）nm,β=106.7870（10）°,V=2.71037（10）nm³,Z=4,D_c=1.623g·cm^-3,μ（MoKα）=14.65cm^-1,F（000）=1336,R₁=0.0229,wR₂=0.0565。晶体中锡原子呈六配位畸变八面体构型。对其结构进行量子化学从头计算,探讨了配合物的稳定性、分子轨道能量以及部分前沿分子轨道的组成特征。测定了配合物的热稳定性和体外抗癌活性。     

Synthesis and properties of bis(heteroazulen-3-yl)methyl cations and bis(heteroazulen-3-yl)ketones

The synthesis and properties of a novel type of bis(heteroazulen-3-yl)methyl cations, bis(2-oxo-2H-cyclohepta[b]furan-3-yl)methyl cation salt and nitrogen analogues, (9a-c·PF₆⁻) and (9a-c·BF₄⁻), as well as bis(heteroazulen-3-yl)ketones (12a-d) are studied. The synthetic method was based on a TFA-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic substitution on the heteroazulenes (6a-d) with paraformaldehyde to afford the corresponding disubstituted methane derivatives 7a-d, followed by oxidative hydrogen abstraction with DDQ, and subsequent exchange of the counter-anion by using aq. HPF₆ or aq. HBF₄. In addition, the reaction of 7a-d with 2.2 equiv. amounts of DDQ afforded carbonyl compounds 12a-d. The delocalization of the positive charge of 9a-c was evaluated by the ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectral data. The thermodynamic stability of cations 9a-c was evaluated to be in the order 9a<9b<9c on the basis of their reduction potentials measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and pK_R+ values (2.6-10.3) obtained spectrophotometrically. The reduction waves of cations 9a-c were irreversible, suggesting the dimerization of the radical species generated by one-electron reduction. This was demonstrated by the reduction of 9a·BF₄⁻ with Zn powder to give dimerized product 14a. In addition, the quenching of 9a·BF₄⁻ with MeOH/NaHCO₃ gives ether derivative 15a, which is proposed for the precursor for synthesizing tris(heteroazulene)-substituted methyl cations bearing two different heteroazulene-units.     

Improved synthesis of bis[p-(phenylethynyl)phenyl]hetarylenes

Bis[p-(phenylethynyl)phenyl]hetarylenes were synthesized in high yields by an improved method using cross-coupling between phenylacetylene and 4,4′-dibromobenzil followed by condensation of the 4,4′-di(phenylethynyl)benzil obtained with eithero-phenylenediamine and 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid or with benzaldehyde andp-nitrobenzaldehyde in the presence of ammonium acetate. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 10, pp. 1889–1890, October, 1997.     

二(o-氟苄基)锡双(四氢吡咯二硫代氨基甲酸酯)和二(p-氯苄基)锡双(二甲基二硫代氨基甲酸酯)的合成、表征及晶体结构

Di(o-fluorbenzyl)tin bis(dithiotetrahydropyrrolcarbamate) (1) and di(p-chlorbenzyl)tin bis(dithiomethylcarbamate) (2) were synthesized. Their structure were characterized by elementary analysis, IR and ¹H NMR and the crystal structure were determined by X-ray single crystal diffraction. The crystal of complex 1 belongs to orthorhombic with space group Pccn, a=2.096 1(12) nm, b=1.018 5(6) nm, c=1.205 9(7) nm, Z=4, V=2.574(2) nm³, D_c=1.624 g·cm^-3, μ(MoKα)=1.348 mm^-1, F(000)=1 272，R₁=0.038 7, wR₂=0.088 5. The crystal of complex 2 belongs to monoclinic with space group C2/c, a=1.531 3(16), b=1.868 4(19), c=0.951 8(10) nm, β=112.602(14)°, Z=4, V=2.514(5) nm³, D_c=1.612 g·cm^-3, μ(MoKα)=1.572 mm^-1, R₁=0.025 4, wR₂=0.070 4. In the complexes 1 and 2, the structures consist of discrete molecules containing six-coordinate tin atom in a distorted octahedron configuration. In crystal of complex 1, molecules are packed in the unit cell in one-dimensional chain structure through a S…S interaction between adjacent molecule. CCDC: 225420, 1; 225421, 2.     

Synthesis and stereochemical nonrigidity of isomeric Zn(ii)bis-[N-isopropyloxy(mercapto)naphthaldiminates]

Kinetics and reaction mechanisms governing inversion of the tetrahedral configuration at the metal center in the series ofbis-chelate Zn(II) complexes of 3,2-, 1,2-, and 2,1-oxy(mercapto)naphthaldimines, respectively4–6, have been studied with the use of dynamic¹H NMR spectroscopy. A polytopal rearrangement of the diagonal twist type has been found to be an energetically preferable pathway of the inversion reaction for complexes4 and5 with a ZnN₂O₂ coordination site, whereas the inversion reaction for complexes with a ZnN₂S₂ coordination site occurs by an intramolecular dissociation-recombination pathway that involves cleavage of a Zn-N coordination bond. In the case of complexes6, the inversion reaction is governed mainly by intramolecular degenerate ligand exchange reactions.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11. pp. 2261–2265, November, 1995.This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project No. 93-03-18692) and the International Science Foundation (grant No. RNJ 000).     

The influence of hydrophobic amines on hydrolysis of bis(p-nitrophenyl) methylphosphonate in micellar solutions of cetylpyridinium bromide

The kinetics of hydrolysis of bis(p-nitrophenyl) methylphosphonate in the presence of primary aliphatic amines in aqueous micellar solutions of cetylpyridinium bromide was studied. The reaction proceedsvia two routes, alkaline hydrolysis and amine-catalyzed hydrolysis according to the general basic catalysis mechanism. The contributions of these routes and the catalytic effect of micelles depend on the hydrophobicity of the amines. The formation of different types of micelles was found, and their characteristic parameters were determined by tensiometry and high-resolution¹H NMR spectroscopy with a magnetic field pulse gradient. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya No. 2, pp. 267–272, February, 2000.     

Synthesis and thermal transformations of molecular complexes of bis[tris(trifluoromethyl)germyl]mercury(ii witho-quinones

Stable molecular complexes of bis[tris(trifluoromethyl)germyl]mercury(II) Hg[(CF₃)₃Ge]₂ (1) witho-quinones (3,6-di-tert-butylbenzoquinone-1,2 (2), 3,6-di-tert-butyl-4,5-dimethoxybenzoquinone-1,2 (3), and 1,4,5,7-tetra-tert-butyldibenzo[1,4]dioxin-2,3-dione (4)) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and IR and electronic absorption spectroscopies. Depending on the ratio between the starting reactants, the reactions ofo-quinones with1 gave complexes of the composition R₂Hg · Q (5,7,9) or R₂Hg · Q₂ (6,8,10), where Q=2 (5,6),3 (7,8),4 (9,10); R=Ge(CF₃)₃. According to the spectral data, the molecule ofo-quinone in R₂Hg · Q acts as a neutral ligand, whereas the second molecule ofo-quinone in R₂Hg · Q₂ is not coordinated to1. It has been found by ESR that thermolysis of polycrystalline samples of complexes6 and10 involves intermediate formation of radical pairs and finally yields paramagnetico-semiquinone complexes, SQGe(CF₃)₃, which are typical products of one-electron oxidation of Organometallic compounds byo-quinones.Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1568–1573, August, 1995.The authors wish to thank M. A. Lopatin for his help in recording the electronic absorption spectra.This work was carried out with financial support from the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (Project No. 93-03-18369).     

Syntheses, structures and photoluminescence of a series of coordination frameworks based on dicarboxylate anion and bis(imidazole) ligand

In this article, ten new coordination frameworks, namely, [Ni(H₂O)₆]·(L3) (1), [Zn(L3)(H₂O)₃] (2), [Cd(L3)(H₂O)₃]·5.25H₂O (3), [Ag(L1)(H₂O)]·0.5(L3) (4), [Ni(L3)(L1)] (5), [Zn(L3)(L1)_0.5]·H₂O (6), [Cd(L3)(L1)_0.5(H₂O)] (7), [CoCl(L3)_0.5(L1)_0.5] (8), [ZnCl(L3)_0.5(L2)_0.5] (9), and [CoCl(L3)_0.5(L2)_0.5] (10), where L1 = 1,1′-(1,4)-butanediyl)bis(imidazole), L2 = 1,1′-(1,4-butanediyl)bis(2-ethylbenzimidazole) and H₂L3 = 3,3′-(p-xylylenediamino)bis(benzoic acid), have been synthesized by varying the metal centers and nitrogen-containing secondary ligands. These structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, elemental analyses and IR spectra. In 1, the L3 anion is not coordinated to the Ni(II) center as a free ligand. The Ni(II) ion is coordinated by water molecules to form the cationic [Ni(H₂O)₆]²⁺ complex. The hydrogen bonds between L3 anions and [Ni(H₂O)₆]²⁺ cations result in a three-dimensional (3D) supramolecular structure of 1. In compounds 2 and 3, the metal centers are linked by the organic L3 anions to generate 1D infinite chain structures, respectively. The hydrogen bonds between carboxylate oxygen atoms and water molecules lead the structures of 2 and 3 to form 3D supramolecular structures. In 4, the L3 anion is not coordinated to the Ag(I) center, while the L1 ligands bridge adjacent Ag(I) centers to give 1D Ag-L1 chains. The hydrogen bonds among neighboring L3 anions form infinite 2D honeycomb-like layers, in the middle of which there exist large windows. Then, 1D Ag-L1 chains thread in the large windows of the 2D layer network, giving a 3D polythreaded structure. Considering the hydrogen bonds between the water molecules and L3 anions, the structure is further linked into a 3D supramolecular structure. Compounds 5 and 7 were synthesized through their parent compounds 1 and 3, respectively, while 6 and 9 were obtained by their parent compound 2. In 5, the L3 anions and L1 ligands connect the Ni(II) atoms to give a 3D 3-fold interpenetrating dimondoid topology. Compound 6 exhibits a 3D three-fold interpenetrating α-Po network structure formed by L1 ligands connecting Zn-L3 sheets, while compound 7 shows a 2D (4,4) network topology with the L1 ligands connecting the Cd-L3 double chains. In compound 8, the L1 ligands linked Co-L3 chains into a 2D layer structure. Two mutual 2D layers interpenetrated in an inclined mode to generate a unique 3D architecture of 8. Compounds 9 and 10 display the same 2D layer structures with (4,4) network topologies. The effects of the N-containing ligands and the metal ions on the structures of the complexes 1-10 were discussed. In addition, the luminescent properties of compounds 2-4, 6, 7 and 9 were also investigated.     

The thermal transition behavior of poly(bis(p-flourophenoxy)phosphazene)

The thermal transition behavior of poly(bis(p-fluorophenoxy)phosphazene) was studied as a representative aryloxy-substituted poly(organophosphazene) using X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis and density measurements. The crystal structure of-form contained in as-cast film had marked paracrystalline disorder. The crystal phase transformed into the mesophase atT(1) (110 140 °C). The structure of the-form observed in the mesophase was a representative hexagonal-packing of macromolecular chains which rotate around the chain axes. When the mesophase was cooled to room temperature, a more ordered crystal phase of the-form could appear. The most ordered crystal structure of the-form has a monoclinic unit cell with the following lattice parameters: a=18.9, b=13.2, c=4.90 Å, and=77°. The chain conformation is nearly planar cis-trans, which has been observed commonly in poly(organophosphazenes). The macroscopic deformation of the film sample was also examined, taking into account the microscopic deformation of the lamellar crystal due to the crystal-mesophase transition.     

Synthesis,spectral and electrochemical properties of mixed-ligand ruthenium(II) complexes of bis(pyrid-2-yl)- and bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)-dithioether ligands: Effect of an asymmetric diimine co-ligand

Two new mixed-ligand Ru(II) complexes [Ru(pdto)(dppt)](ClO₄)₂ (1) and [Ru(bbdo)(dppt)](ClO₄)₂ (2), where pdto = 1,8-bis(pyrid-2-yl)-3,6-dithiaoctane, bbdo = 1,8-bis(benzimidazol-2-yl)-3,6-dithiaoctane and dppt = 3-(pyridin-2-yl)-5,6-diphenyl-1,2,4-triazine, have been isolated and characterised by elemental analysis. NMR and electronic absorption and emission spectral and electrochemical techniques have been used to investigate the solution structures and electronic properties of the complexes. The ¹H and ¹³C spectra of the complexes in solution reveal that the N₂S₂ donor set of the pdto and bbdo ligands is “cis-α” coordinated and the dppt ligand is chelated to Ru(II) through both triazine N2 and pyridine nitrogen atoms. The proton chemical shifts of the phenyl rings of dppt are not affected much upon coordination, supporting the triazine N2 rather than N4 coordination. The anomalous upfield shifts of the H₆₁ and H₆₂ (1) and H₇₂ and H₈₁ (2) protons are caused by the shielding magnetic anisotropy due to the ring currents of the py and tra rings of dppt, which are forced to be coplanar by coordination. The py and bzim rings of pdto and bbdo are obliged to rotate away from dppt and the Ru–N_py and Ru–N_bzim bonds lengthen in order to minimise the steric clashes with dppt. The c.i.s values for 1 are less positive than those for 2 suggesting that the ligand bzim nitrogens of bbdo rather than the py nitrogens of pdto are involved in stronger σ-bonding with Ru(II). Both the complexes display a strong MLCT transition (1, 470; 2, 515 nm) along with intense intraligand transitions in the UV region, and when excited in the MLCT band an emission band (650 nm) is observed for both 1 and 2. In acetonitrile solution they show a quasi-reversible Ru(II)/Ru(III) redox couple (E_1/2, 1, 1.18; 2, 0.90 V). Two more redox processes (E_1/2, 1, −0.97, −1.09; 2, −1.06, −1.42 V) involving the coordinated dppt ligand are also observed. A plot of the difference between the metal oxidation and ligand reduction potentials of the complexes versus the absorption or emission maxima is linear, illustrating that the lowest π^∗ orbitals of dppt are involved in the redox, absorption and emission processes in the complexes. Electrochemical parameterisation of the Ru(II)/Ru(III) redox potentials of the present complexes has been carried out using Lever’s method and the calculated ligand reduction potential E_L(L) correlates well with the observed Ru(II)/Ru(III) redox potentials.     

Synthesis of amino-substituted 1,3-bis(tert-butyl-NNO-azoxy)benzenes 2.* 2-amino and 2,4-diamino derivatives

Oxidation of one of the amino groups of 2-bromo-4,6-dichloro-1,3-phenylenediamine to the nitroso group followed by its conversion into thetert-butyl-NNO-azoxy group afforded a derivative ofm-(tert-butyl-NNO-azoxy)aniline,viz., 2-bromo-3-(tert-butyl-NNO-azoxyl)-4,6-dichloroaniline. Analogously, the second amino group was converted into thetert-butyl-NNO-azoxy group to form a derivative of 1,3-bis(tert-butyl-NNO-azoxy)benzene,viz., 3-bromo-2,4-bis(tert-butyl-NNO-azoxyl)-1,5-dichlorobenzene The reaction of the latter with ammonia yielded 2-amino- and 2,4-diamino-substituted 1,3-bis-(tert-butyl-NNO-azoxyl)benzenes. For Part 1, see Ref. 1. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 11, pp. 2126–2130, November, 1999.