基于时滞动力学模型对钻石公主号邮轮疫情的分析

2019年末以来,新型冠状病毒肺炎迅速蔓延的疫情引发了全球关注.文献[5-6]提出了一类时滞动力学系统的新冠肺炎传播模型用以描述疫情的发展趋势.文献[7]在此基础上,结合CCDC统计数据,提出了一类基于CCDC统计数据的随机时滞动力学模型.本文将使用以上两类模型研究分析"钻石公主号"邮轮的疫情发展.基于日本厚生劳动省公布的数据,本文准确反演出模型参数,进而有效模拟当前疫情的发展,并预测疫情未来的趋势,发现在疫情爆发初期基本再生数R0(t)较大,而后随着防控措施加强而逐渐减小;约在2月下旬,累计确诊人数增长速度放缓,在3月上旬,累计确诊人数趋于稳定,即无新增确诊人数,疫情得到有效控制;最终累计确诊人数对隔离率变化敏感,隔离率升高,最终累计确诊人数将有显著下降.针对传染率较高、隔离率较低的问题,本文建议日本政府进一步加强防控措施,抑制疫情的大规模爆发.     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情数据挖掘与离散随机传播动力学模型分析

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情已经蔓延至全国各地,包括陕西省在内很多省份的早期疫情均以输入病例为主,后期的疫情在严格的防控措施下也已呈下降趋势.评价防控措施的有效性、分析人口流动对疫情的影响对于研究陕西省(或其他以输入病例为主的地区)疫情和未来应对突发性传染病有着重要的意义.根据陕西省卫生健康委员会(简称卫健...     

SIR类型新型冠状病毒肺炎多阶段最优控制模型

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情在全球范围传播,给人们的健康带来了严重的威胁。面对疫情发展预期数据,我们需要在有限医疗资源的情况下确定疫情传播参数,以指导主要防疫措施的实施力度。本文采用SIR类型的模型描述新冠肺炎疫情发展,并建立多阶段最优控制模型确定疫情传播参数。为了高效确定参数取值,我们建立多项式时间可计算的半定规划近似模型。基于世界卫生组织发布的数据,我们求解近似模型,得到描述给定时段内美国新冠肺炎疫情发展态势的疫情传播参数,并分析疫情防控策略。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情控制策略研究:效率评估及建议

基于传播动力学及普适SEIR (susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered/removed)模型和程序EpiSIX(模型总参数只有10个),实时跟踪国家及各地卫生健康委员会(简称卫健委)自2019年12月12日以来发布的确诊数据,对新型冠状病毒肺炎(简称新冠肺炎)疫情的流行趋势进行...     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下武汉及周边地区何时复工?数据驱动的网络模型分析

基于全国和湖北省新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情报告数据以及百度人口迁徙与分布大数据,本文构建武汉及周边15个疫情严重城市的COVID-19传播复杂网络模型,重点分析武汉及周边地区复工的可能时间节点和复工对二次暴发风险的影响.首先基于各个城市的累计病例数估计1月23日武汉的累计病例数,得到不同时期湖北省16个主...     

新型冠状病毒肺炎的斑块模型:围堵策略对重庆疫情控制的效果讨论

本文利用一个斑块模型研究新型冠状病毒肺炎的地域扩散及控制,通过分析无病平衡点和计算基本再生数,探讨了控制疾病异地和局部扩散的措施.重庆与湖北相邻,人口流动频繁,疫情前期有不少从湖北输入的病例.我们将两个斑块模型用来刻画新型冠状病毒肺炎由湖北向重庆的扩散,通过数值模拟和敏感分析,阐明将封城与其他围堵策略,包括提高病例发现...     

基于一类时滞动力学系统对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情的建模和预测

2019年12月,新型冠状病毒肺炎(novel coronavirus pneumonia,NCP)疫情从武汉开始暴发,几天内迅速传播到全国乃至海外.科学有效地掌控疫情发展对疫情防控至关重要.本文基于全国各级卫生健康委员会每日公布的累计确诊数和治愈数,提出一类基于时滞动力学系统的传染病动力学模型.在模型中引入时滞过程,...     

基于BS疲劳寿命分布的新型冠状病毒肺炎潜伏期的实证研究

本文通过国内的二组、韩国一组新型冠状病毒肺炎潜伏期数据,通过两种方法对这三组数据进行了拟合检验,认为都服从两参数BS疲劳寿命分布。针对多组两参数BS疲劳寿命分布,给出了参数相等的近似检验方法,就本文的三组潜伏期数据可以认为其参数是相同的,并得到了刻度参数β与形状参数α的点估计,进而求得了确诊病例在其暴露开始后的14天和21天内出现临床症状或检测试剂呈阳性的概率分别达到0.950213和0.993651,通过与已有文献相应结果的比较,发现两参数BS疲劳寿命分布来拟合潜伏期比Weibull分布与对数正态分布更合适、更具有优势,这与当前的防控策略比较吻合。     

基于健康码区块链的新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控与评估研究

新型冠状病毒潜伏期可以传染,以及存在着无症状感染者情况.这些都给流行病学调查带来巨大挑战.本文提出一个结合健康码和区块链、建立利用健康码区块链对新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情进行防控模型,对疫情防控难易程度和成效进行评估.结合模型和模拟有三个发现,一是发现疫情中封闭城市对经济社会发展会产生平方效应(平面叠加效应),甚至是立体叠加...     

不同隔离措施对中国武汉市早期阶段的新型冠状病毒传播影响的机理建模研究

2019年年底新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19,简称新冠肺炎)在中国湖北省武汉市暴发并迅速蔓延至全国各地及海外,成为人类历史上首次由冠状病毒引起的全球大流行疫情.截止2020年3月18日,在做出巨大努力和付出沉重代价的前提下,中国的疫情已基本受到控制.在世界其他地区,例如欧洲和中东正处于极端困难中.湖北武汉的经验对于...     

一类含有非线性传染率的传染病模型的全局稳定性

讨论了一类带有非线性传染率的SIRS型传染病模型,得到了无病平衡点和地方病平衡点存在的阈值条件,借助构造Dulac函数和Liapunov函数,找到了两类平衡点全局渐近稳定的充要条件.     

Global stability of a stage-structured epidemic model with a nonlinear incidence

In this paper, a stage-structured epidemic model with a nonlinear incidence with a factor S^p is investigated. By using limit theory of differential equations and Theorem of Busenberg and van den Driessche, global dynamics of the model is rigorously established. We prove that if the basic reproduction number R₀ is less than one, the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable and the disease dies out; if R₀ is greater than one, then the disease persists and the unique endemic equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable. Numerical simulations support our analytical results and illustrate the effect of p on the dynamic behavior of the model.     

Threshold analysis of the susceptible-infected-susceptible model on overlay networks

In this paper, we study epidemic spreading on overlay networks in which n multiple sets of links interconnect among the same nodes. By using the microscopic Markov-chain approximation (MMA) approach, we establish the conditions of epidemic outbreak for two kinds of spreading mechanisms in such an overlay network: the concatenation case and the switching case. When a uniform infection rate is set in all the subnetworks, we find the epidemic threshold for the switching case is just n times as large as that of concatenation case. We also find that the overlay network with a uniform infection rate can be considered as an equivalent (in the sense of epidemic dynamics and epidemic threshold) weighted network. To be specific, the concatenation case corresponds to the integer weighted network, while the switching case corresponds to the fractional weighted network. Interestingly, the time-varying unweighted network can be mapped into the static weighted network. Our analytic results exhibit good agreement with numerical simulations.     

An epidemiological approach to model the viral propagation of memes

An epidemiological approach is adopted to develop a model of viral meme propagation. The successful implementation in the modelling of meme spread as reflected in Internet search data shows that memes may be treated as infectious entities when modelling their propagation over time and across societies.     

Bifurcation Analysis of an SIRS Epidemic Model with Standard Incidence Rate and Saturated Treatment Function

An epidemic model with standard incidence rate and saturated treatment function of infectious individuals is proposed to understand the effect of the capacity for treatment of infective individuals on the disease spread. The treatment function in this paper is a continuous and differential function which exhibits the effect of delayed treatment when the rate of treatment is lower and the number of infected individuals is getting larger. It is proved that the existence and stability of the disease-free and endemic equilibria for the model are not only related to the basic reproduction number but also to the capacity for treatment of infective individuals. And a backward bifurcation is found when the capacity is not enough. By computing the first Lyapunov coefficient, we can determine the type of Hopf bifurcation, i.e., subcritical Hopf bifurcation or supercritical Hopf bifurcation. We also show that under some conditions the model undergoes Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation. Finally, numerical simulations are given to support some of the theoretical results.     

Modelling the spread of bacterial disease: effect of service providers from an environmentally degraded region

In this paper, an SIS model for bacterial infectious diseases, like tuberculosis, typhoid, etc., caused by direct contact of susceptibles with infectives as well as by bacteria is proposed and analyzed. Here the demography of the human population is constant immigration and the cumulative rate of the environmental discharges is a function of total human population. Further this model is extended to the model for socially structured population (rich and poor) where poor people work as service provider in the houses of rich people but do not settle in the habitat of rich people. It is assumed that bacteria population does not survive in the clean environment of rich people and only affects the population in the degraded environment of the poor class. The stability of the equilibria is studied by using the theory of differential equation and computer simulation. It is concluded that the spread of the infectious disease increases when the growth of bacteria caused by conducive environmental discharge due to human sources increases. Also the spread of the infectious disease in rich class increases due to the interaction with service providers, who are living in relatively poor environmental condition, suggesting the need to keep our environment clean all around.