相控阵超声阵列换能器中阵元参数对声场的影响研究

为探究相控阵超声阵列换能器中不同阵元参数对声场的影响,以相控阵超声波检测基本原理和声场辐射理论为支撑,应用MATLAB软件进行数值模拟分析,建立辐射声场模型,进行不同参数下的阵列换能器指向性和声场分析.分析了阵元各项参数变化时对波束质量、聚焦范围、成像效果的影响,结果表明:阵元中心频率过小会使成像分辨率过低,阵元中心频...     

光热辐射测量技术应用于材料物性和缺陷的无损检测

描述了光热辐射测量术的特点、原理和测量装置，并扼要介绍了材料热扩散率、材料表面伤痕和内部缺陷的无损检测。     

微小层片型缺陷的超声非线性区域检测技术*

针对微小层片型缺陷的超声检测效率低、检测能力弱、易受主客观因素干扰的问题,提出弹簧扁钢中微小层片型缺陷的非线性超声区域检测技术。首先,优化探头夹持装置并提出区域检测方法,提取稳定可靠的检测信号;其次,提出相对非线性系数均值及波动系数表征缺陷分布;最后,基于斯皮尔曼次序相关系数分析扁钢各类缺陷与非线性超声系数均值的相关性。研究结果显示:两种非线性超声特征参数中的波动系数具有更高的缺陷敏感度,可表征扁钢中缺陷分布;波动系数与扁钢中微小层片型缺陷的相关系数比与体积型缺陷的相关性系数大得多,特别适用于微小层片型缺陷的检测。     

车轮轮辋缺陷的超声相控阵检测系统研究*

针对火车车轮检测中常规超声波探伤存在的检测灵敏度低、声束灵活性差、信噪比低等问题,研究了超声相控阵在火车车轮轮辋检测中的应用。本文介绍了超声相控阵检测技术的原理,并从超声相控阵换能器、硬件系统和软件系统三个方面阐述了火车车轮轮辋缺陷的超声相控阵检测系统的研究过程。最后通过人工模拟缺陷的相控阵检测实验,测试了该检测系统的性能,验证了相控阵检测设备具有灵敏度高、声束可控性好和可靠性高等优点。     

悬臂方薄板振动的辐射声场及竖裂纹对其频谱的影响

在将悬臂板挠度表示为正交多项式之和的基础上，利用瑞利-里兹方法求解了悬臂板的前几阶振动模态频率及挠度．进而利用瑞利积分求解了其自由振动辐射声场的分布规律。用分区技术的瑞利-里兹方法求解了竖裂纹对悬臂板低阶模态频率的影响，并将计算结果与有限元结果作了对照。实验上用小球撞击法测定了含竖裂纹悬臂板辐射声场的频谱，谱成分与有限元结果基本符合。     

不同缺陷对周期螺旋波的影响

研究了不同单个圆形缺陷对周期螺旋波的影响。数值模拟发现,如果缺陷中心不变,那么,它对周期螺旋波的影响存在两个临界半径rd1和rd2。当缺陷半径rd=rd1时,波头的最终运动轨迹会发生远离缺陷的幅度较大的漂移;当rd=rd2时,波头在缺陷产生后经过一段时间的演化会消失。数值模拟同时发现,rd1和缺陷中心到波头中心的距离d一一对应;同样,rd2也和d一一对应,且都随d线性增大。     

焊缝结构中超声相控阵聚焦声场的数值模拟及分析*

针对焊缝内相控阵声场聚焦问题,建立焊缝结构中多高斯声束法的相控阵声场计算模型,分别用直接聚焦和底面反射聚焦两种方式对焊缝内部的相控阵声场进行数值模拟,分析不同方式下的相控阵聚焦声场特性,讨论不同区域适用的聚焦方式,分析了界面倾斜角度对聚焦效果的影响。结果表明,在相同焊缝结构条件下直接聚焦的方式更适合对厚壁焊缝的中下部进行聚焦扫描,在焊缝上表面附近,当声束偏转角大于80°时,直接聚焦方式无法有效聚焦;反射聚焦的方式更适合对焊缝上表面附近区域进行聚焦扫描,随着焦点深度增加,反射聚焦的声束偏转角增大,当声束偏转角大于55°时,反射聚焦无法形成明显焦点;两种聚焦扫描方式可形成有效的互补。当设置的焦点固定时,直接聚焦的实际焦点随界面倾斜角度增大向预设点远处偏移,而反射聚焦的效果基本不受倾斜角的影响,实际焦点始终在预设焦点附近。     

呼吸缺陷型酵母菌株的离子束辐射敏感性研究

选取一株由离子束辐照诱变获得的呼吸缺陷型酵母菌株，研究其在不同离子辐照剂量范围的辐射敏感性。结果发现，呼吸缺陷型酵母菌株因其线粒体及线粒体DNA发生突变，在离子束辐照时，在低剂量区域表现出较高辐射敏感性，在高剂量区则表现出对于辐射的抗性。     

井孔中多极源在分层介质的声场模拟方法*

水平分层地层是常见的地质模型,为了获得地下水平分层介质中声波测井的响应并了解声波在其中的传播规律,需要对该模型进行声场数值模拟,通常采用基于时域有限差分的数值模拟方法。然而对于地下数百米井段的声场模拟,如何最大化地减小数值模拟的计算区域,提高计算速度和节省内存,是必须考虑的策略问题。本文中,我们提出了动态计算区域的仿真策略,给出了计算区域选取的优化方案,并通过算例验证策略的有效性。假设发射器分布在阵列接收器下方,模拟结果表明,当声源距离下方最近的分层边界超过2米时,位于仪器下方的所有分层介质可以在计算中忽略不计。对于位于阵列接收器上方的分层边界,在选取计算区域时,也同样采用类似的策略。利用这样的策略,我们连续快速模拟了多层介质中单极子和偶极子声波测井响应,其中纵波和横波速度提取结果与输入的连续分层介质参数吻合。应用这种策略,可开发出数百米甚至数千米的井孔声场连续快速仿真的数值模拟软件。     

隔热板对近场辐射影响的研究

本文以关于两半无限大辐射热源间的并矢格林函数为基础利用传递矩阵法,在不考虑温度对介电常数影响的情况下以SiC材料为例,研究了隔热板对近场辐射传热的影响.研究结果表明,隔热板对近场辐射的影响完全不同于常规尺度辐射问题,近场下的净辐射热流不仅受隔热板的相对厚度的影响,而且受隔热板位置的影响.所得的结论对近场辐射传热的热设计具有一定的指导意义。     

奥氏体不锈钢焊缝中的声学仿真模型与全聚焦成像检测

声波在奥氏体不锈钢焊缝中传播时声束弯曲,为超声成像带来了困难。基于Ogilvy焊缝模型,建立了奥氏体不锈钢焊缝非均匀各向异性声场仿真模型,采用Dijkstra路径搜索算法对各向异性条件下的声传播路径和声传播时间进行了数值模拟和分析。在此基础上,采用Verasonics超声相控阵成像系统,进行了奥氏体不锈钢焊缝的全聚焦成像实验,采集全矩阵回波数据,并结合理论模型计算的声传播路径和相应的传播时间,进行了成像结果修正。结果表明,与均匀介质模型的全聚焦成像结果相比,基于该文模型的焊缝全聚焦成像检测结果具有更高的缺陷定位精度和分辨率,验证了该方法的可行性,为奥氏体不锈钢焊缝成像检测提供了新的思路。     

各向异性焊缝中超声相控阵瞬态声场仿真及缺陷定位方法

针对多层各向异性奥氏体不锈钢焊缝中超声相控阵瞬态声场的仿真问题,提出应用高斯声束等效点源模型计算宽带离散化的多个单频稳态声场,通过傅里叶变换将其拓展为瞬态声场,并分析了声场转换过程的主要影响参数。该方法可快速计算焊缝内部超声相控阵聚焦声场的瞬态能量分布和任意一点的时域波形信号。在此基础上针对多层奥氏体不锈钢焊缝内部缺陷的超声相控阵成像检测问题,提出利用上述时域高斯声束法对多通道缺陷散射信号进行时间反转计算,并根据时域声场焦点确定缺陷位置。最后通过实验,验证使用此方法检测实际奥氏体不锈钢焊缝试块内部缺陷的效果。结果表明,提出的方法能够确定缺陷位置,且计算速度快、运算量小,适合作为多层介质内部缺陷实时成像的声场仿真模型。     

Combined effect of the perpendicular magnetic field and dilute charged impurity on the electronic phase of bilayer AA-stacked hydrogenated graphene

We address the electronic phase engineering in the impurity-infected functionalized bilayer graphene with hydrogen atoms (H-BLG) subjected to a uniform Zeeman magnetic field, employing the tight-binding model, the Green's function technique, and the Born approximation. In particular, the key point of the present work is focused on the electronic density of states (DOS) in the vicinity of the Fermi energy. By exploiting the perturbative picture, we figure out that how the interaction and/or competition between host electrons, guest electrons, and the magnetic field potential can lead to the phase transition in H-BLG. Furthermore, different configurations of hydrogenation, namely reduced table-like and reduced chair-like, are also considered when impurities are the same and/or different. A comprehensive information on the various configurations provides the semimetallic and gapless semiconducting behaviors for unfunctionalized bilayer graphene and H-BLGs, respectively. Further numerical calculations propose a semimetal-to-metal and gapless semiconductor-to-semimetal phase transition, respectively, when only turning on the magnetic field. Interestingly, the results indicate that the impurity doping alone affects the systems as well, leading to semimetal-to-metal and no phase transition in the pristine system and hydrogenated ones, respectively. However, the combined effect of charged impurity and magnetic field shows that the pristine bilayer graphene is not influenced much as the functionalized ones and phase back transitions appear. Tuning of the electronic phase of H-BLG by using both types of electronic and magnetic perturbations play a decisive role in optical responses.     

Electronic and transport properties of zigzag-edge monolayer/bilayer phosphorene nanoribbon junctions under a perpendicular electric field

We study the electronic and transport properties of monolayer/bilayer/bilayer (ML/BL/BL) and monolayer/bilayer/monolayer (ML/BL/ML) zigzag-edge phosphorene nanoribbon (ZPNR) junctions modulated by a perpendicular electric field (PEF). Within the tight-binding model Hamiltonian and by adopting the nonequilibrium Green's function, it is demonstrated that some oscillating conductance plateaus appear for the junctions, and the conductances are suppressed by the applied PEF. Interestingly, the direction of the PEF has different influence on the conductance of both junctions. We further present separately the band structures of the left lead, the central region and right lead, to reveal the reason for different conductance behavior in detail. Our results show that the ML/BL/BL ZPNR junction may be more suitable for the usage of field effect transistor than the ML/BL/ML ZPNR one under a PEF. Moreover, a PEF can be applied to distinguish the bottom−bottom and bottom−up configurations for the ML/BL/ML ZPNR junction.     

Multiple mobility edges in a 1D Aubry chain with Hubbard interaction in presence of electric field: Controlled electron transport

Electronic behavior of a 1D Aubry chain with Hubbard interaction is critically analyzed in presence of electric field. Multiple energy bands are generated as a result of Hubbard correlation and Aubry potential, and, within these bands localized states are developed under the application of electric field. Within a tight-binding framework we compute electronic transmission probability and average density of states using Green's function approach where the interaction parameter is treated under Hartree–Fock mean field scheme. From our analysis we find that selective transmission can be obtained by tuning injecting electron energy, and thus, the present model can be utilized as a controlled switching device.     

A basic study on the sound field analysis of periodic structures by boundary integral equation method

This study deals with the development of the approximate method to analyze the sound field around equally spaced finite obstacles, using the periodic boundary condition. First, on the assumption that the equally spaced finite obstacles are the periodically arranged obstacles, the sound field is analyzed by boundary integral equation method with a Green’s function which satisfies the periodic boundary condition. Furthermore, by comparing these results and the exact solution by using the fundamental solution as Green’s function, the validity of the approximate method is also investigated. Next, in order to evaluate the applicability of the approximate method, the simple formula using some parameters, i.e., the frequency, the period, and the number of obstacles, etc., is proposed. The results of the sound field analysis applied the formula are presented.