Nonplanar Ion-Acoustic Solitons in Electron-Positron-Ion Quantum Plasmas

The propagation of nonplanar quantum ion-acoustic solitary waves in a dense, unmagnetized electron-positronion （e-p-i） plasma are studied by using the Korteweg-de Vries （KdV） model. The quantum hydrodynamic （QHD） equations are used taking into account the quantum diffraction and quantum statistics corrections. The analytical and numerical solutions of KdV equation reveal that the nonplanar ion-acoustic solitons arc modified significantly with quantum corrections and positron concentration, and behave differently in different geometries.     

Electrostatic solitons in unmagnetized hot electron-positron-ion plasmas

Linear and nonlinear electrostatic waves in unmagnetized electron-positron-ion (e-p-i) plasmas are studied. The electrons and positrons are assumed to be isothermal and dynamic while ions are considered to be stationary to neutralize the plasma background only. It is found that both upper (fast) and lower (slow) Langmuir waves can propagates in such a type of pair (e-p) plasma in the presence of ions. The small amplitude electrostatic Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) solitons are also obtained using reductive perturbation method. The electrostatic potential hump structures are found to exist when the temperature of the electrons is larger than the positrons, while the electrostatic potential dips are obtained in the reverse temperature conditions for electrons and positrons in e-p-i plasmas. The numerical results are also shown for illustration. The effects of different ion concentration and temperature ratios of electrons and positrons, on the formation of nonlinear electrostatic potential structures in e-p-i plasmas are also discussed.     

Quantum ion acoustic solitary waves in electron-ion plasmas: A Sagdeev potential approach

Linear and nonlinear ion acoustic waves are studied in unmagnetized electron-ion quantum plasmas. Sagdeev potential approach is employed to describe the nonlinear quantum ion acoustic waves. It is found that density dips structures are formed in the subsonic region in a electron-ion quantum plasma case. The amplitude of the nonlinear structures remains constant and the width is broadened with the increase in the quantization of the system. However, the nonlinear wave amplitude is reduced with the increase in the wave Mach number. The numerical results are also presented.     

Numerical Simulation of Dust Void Evolution in Complex Plasmas with Ionization Effect

We develop the nonlinear theory of dust voids [Phys. Rev. Lett. 90 （2003） 075001], focusing particularly on effects of the ionization, to investigate numerically the void evolution under cylindrical coordinates [Phys. Plasmas 13 （2006） 064502]. The ion velocity profile is solved by a more accurate ion motion equation with the ion convection and ionization terms. It is shown that the differences between the previous result and the one obtained with ionizations are significant for the distributions of the ion and dust velocities, the dust density, and etc., in the void formation process. Furthermore, the ionization can slow down the void formation process effectively.     

Propagation and Interaction of Ion-Acoustic Solitary Waves in a Two-Dimensional Plasma Consisting of Isothermal Electrons and Hot Ions

We study the propagation and interaction of ion-acoustic solitary waves in a simple two-dimensional plasma by using the extended Poincare Lighthill-Kuo perturbation method. We consider the interaction between two ion-acoustic solitary waves with different propagation directions in such a system, and obtain two Korteweg-de Vries equations for small but finite amplitude solitary waves along both ξ and η trajectories. The effects of the ratio of ion temperature σ the ratio of heat capacity γ and the colliding angle a on the amplitude, the width of the new nonlinear wave created by the collision between two solitary waves are studied. The effects of these parameters on both the colliding solitary waves are examined as well. It is found that all the above-mentioned parameters have significant effects on the properties of these nonlinear waves.     

Nonlinear localized dust acoustic waves in a charge varying dusty plasma with trapped ions

The problem of nonlinear variable charge dust acoustic waves in a dusty plasma with trapped ions is revisited. The correct non-isothermal ion charging current is presented for the first time based on the orbit motion limited (OML) approach. The variable dust charge is then expressed in terms of the Lambert function and we take advantage of this new transcendental function to investigate nonlinear localized dust acoustic waves in a charge varying dusty plasma with trapped ions more rigorously.     

Planar and non-planar ion acoustic shock waves in electron-positron-ion plasmas

Ion acoustic shock waves (IASW's) are studied in an unmagnetized plasma consisting of electrons, positrons and adiabatically hot positive ions. This is done by deriving the Kortweg-deVries-Burger (KdVB) equation under the small amplitude perturbation expansion method. The dissipation is introduced by taking into account the kinematic viscosity among the plasma constituents. It is found that the strength of ion acoustic shock wave is maximum for spherical, intermediate for cylindrical, and minimum for planar geometry. It is observed that the positron concentration, ratio of ion to electron temperature, and the plasma kinematic viscosity significantly modifies the shock structure. Finally, it is found that the temporal evolution of the non-planar IASW's is quite different by comparison with the planar geometry. The relevance of the present study with regard to the dense astrophysical environments is also pointed out.     

Cylindrical and spherical dust ion-acoustic solitary waves in quantum plasmas

Dust ion-acoustic solitary waves in unmagnetized quantum plasmas are studied in spherical and cylindrical geometries. Using quantum hydrodynamic model, the electrostatic waves are investigated in the weakly nonlinear limit. A deformed Korteweg-de Vries (dKdV) equation is derived by using the reductive perturbation method and its numerical solutions are also presented. The quantum diffraction and quantum statistical effects incorporated in the system modifies the characteristics of dust ion-acoustic waves in cylindrical and spherical geometries. The role of stationary dust particles in quantum plasmas are also discussed. It is shown that the cylindrical and spherical dust ion-acoustic solitary waves behave quite differently from one-dimensional planar solitary waves in quantum plasmas.     

On the existence of ion-acoustic solitary waves in a gravitating dusty plasma having charge fluctuation

Theoretical investigation on the propagation of ion-acoustic waves in an unmagnetized self-gravitating plasma has been made for the existence of solitary waves using the reductive perturbation method. It is observed that nonlinear excitations follow a coupled third-order partial differential equation which is slightly different from the usual case of coupled Korteweg-de Vries (K-dV) system. It appears that the system so deduced is a two-component generalization of the previous one derived by Paul et al. (1999) in which it was shown that ion-acoustic solitary waves can not exist in such system.     

Structures of Strong Shock Waves in Dense Plasmas

Structures of strong shock waves in dense plasmas are investigated via the steady-state Navier-Stokes equations and Poisson equation. The structures from nuid simulation agree with the ones from kinetic simulation. The effects of the transport coeffcients on the structures are analysed. The enhancements of the electronic heat conduction and ionic viscosity both will broaden the width of the shock fronts, and decrease the electric fields in the fronts.     

Small amplitude variable charge dust Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal double layers

A first theoretical attempt is made to investigate small amplitude, variable charge dust Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal (BGK) double layers (DLs). The nature of the dust BGK-DLs (compressive or rarefactive), their strength and thickness depend sensitively on the net negative charge residing on the grain surface, the dust grain dynamics and, more interestingly, on the ion-to-electron temperatures ratio.     

Experimental study of transport of macroparticles in plasma RF-discharge

Experimental study of the kinematic viscosity and the diffusion is performed for macroparticles of different sizes in plasma of a capacitive radio-frequency (RF-) discharge. Experimental examination of the Einstein-Stokes relation between the viscosity and diffusion constants is carried out. A comparison of the measured transport constants with the existing numerical data is presented.     

Effect of Thermionic Emission on Dust-Acoustic Solitons in a Dust-Electron Plasma

The effects of thermionic emission on dust-acoustic solitons with a very small but finite amplitude in a dustelectron plasma are studied using the reductive perturbation technique. The self-consistent variation of dust charge is taken into account. It is shown that the thermionic emission could significantly increase the dust positive charge. The dependences of the phase velocity, amplitude, and width of such solitons on the dust temperature and the dust work function of dust material are plotted and discussed.     

Ion-acoustic dressed solitons in electron-positron-ion plasmas

Expanding the Sagdeev potential to include fourth-order nonlinearities of electric potential and integrating the resulting energy equation, an exact soliton solution is determined for ion-acoustic waves in an electron-positron-ion (e-p-i) plasma system. This exact solution reduces to the dressed soliton solution obtained for the system using renormalization procedure in the reductive perturbation method (RPM), when Mach number (M) is expanded in terms of soliton velocity (λ) and terms up to order of λ² are retained in the analysis. Variation of shape, velocity, width and product (P) of amplitude (A) and square of width (W²) for the KdV soliton, core structure, dressed soliton, and exact soliton are graphically represented for different values of fractional positron concentration (p). It is found that for a given value of the fractional positron concentration (p) and amplitude of soliton, the velocity of the dressed soliton is faster and width is narrower than the KdV or exact soliton, and agrees qualitatively with the experimental observations of Ikezi et al. for small amplitude solitons in the plasma free from positron component. Among all these structures, the product P(AW²) is found to be lowest for the dressed soliton and it decreases as Mach number of soliton or fractional positron concentration in the plasma increases.     

Thermodynamic properties of two-dimensional Yukawa systems

The simple analytical approximation for the energy densities in two-dimensional Yukawa systems is proposed for the wide range of parameters of non-ideal fluids. The use of this approach allows determining all thermodynamic functions and characteristics on the base of general thermodynamic relationships. The comparisons of obtained results with the numerical study of thermodynamic properties are presented. Simulations were performed for parameters typical for the laboratory dusty plasma experiments.     

Dust Lattice Waves of Dusty Plasma Chain with an External Magnetic Field

Dust lattice waves of a one-dimensional plasma crystal chain with an external magnetic field are investigated. When the magnetic field is in the vertical direction （θ- 0）, perpendicular to the chain, the vertical transverse mode is not affected, while the horizontal transverse mode is coupled with the longitudinal mode. In the high frequency range, we obtain an ‘upper-hybrid＇ dust lattice mode and in the low frequency range, we obtain a ＇lower-hybrid＇ dust lattice mode. Between the two modes, a ＇gap＇ is formed. When the magnetic field is oriented to the chain （0 = π/2）, the longitudinal mode is not affected while both the horizontal and vertical transverse modes are shifted due to the effect of the magnetic field.     

Effects of positron density and temperature on ion acoustic dressed solitons in an electron–positron–ion plasma

Ion acoustic dressed solitons in a three component plasma consisting of cold ions, hot electrons and positrons are studied. Using reductive perturbation method, Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation and a linear inhomogeneous equation, governing respectively the evolution of first and second order potentials are derived for the system. Renormalization procedure of Kodama and Taniuti is used to obtain nonsecular solutions of these coupled equations. It is found that electron–positron–ion plasma system supports only compressive solitons. For a given amplitude of soliton on increasing the positron concentration, velocity of the KdV as well as dressed soliton increases. For any arbitrary values of soliton's amplitude and positron concentration, velocity of the dressed soliton is found to be larger than that of the KdV soliton. For small amplitude of solitons, the width of KdV as well as dressed soliton decreases as positron concentration increases and width of dressed soliton is found to be larger than that of the KdV soliton. However, for a large value of soliton's amplitude as concentration of positrons increases, instead of decreasing width of dressed soliton starts to increase.     

Ion-acoustic shock waves with negative ions in presence of dust particulates

Dust acoustics shock waves have been investigated experimentally in a homogeneous unmagnetized dusty plasma device containing negative ions. When the negative ion density larger than a critical concentration ‘rc’ negative shock waves were observed instead of positive shock waves. Again when it is nearly equal to ‘rc’ both positive and negative shock waves propagate. The experimental findings are compared with modified KdV-Burgers equation. The velocity of the shock waves are also measured and compared with the numerical integration of modified KdV-Burgers equation.     

Nonplanar dust ion-acoustic solitary and shock waves in a dusty plasma with electrons following a vortex-like distribution

Properties of nonplanar (viz. cylindrical and spherical) dust ion-acoustic (DIA) solitary and shock waves propagating in a dusty plasma containing charge fluctuating stationary dust, inertial warm ions, and non-isothermal electrons following a vortex-like distribution, are investigated by the reductive perturbation method. It has been shown that all the basic features of the DIA solitary and shock waves are significantly modified by the effects of vortex-like electron distribution, dust charge fluctuation, and nonplanar cylindrical and spherical geometries. The implications of our results in some space and laboratory dusty plasma environments are briefly discussed.     

Electrostatic Instabilities at High Frequency in a Plasma Shock Front

New electrostatic instabilities in the plasma shock front are reported. These instabilities are driven by the electro- static field which is caused by charge separation and the parameter gradients in a plasma shock front. The linear analysis to the high frequency branch of electrostatic instabilities has been carried out and the dispersion relations are obtained numerically. There are unstable disturbing waves in both the parallel and perpendicular directions of shock propagation. The real frequencies of both unstable waves are similar to the electron electrostatic wave, and the unstable growth rate in the parallel direction is much greater than the one in the perpendicular direction. The dependence of growth rates on the electric field and parameter gradients is also presented.