H6P2W18O62-18H2O,a Green and Reusable Catalyst for the Three-Component,One-Pot Synthesis of 4,6-Diarylpyrimidin-2(1H)-ones Under Solvent-Free Conditions

Three-component, one-pot synthesis of 4,6-diarylpyrimidin-2(1H)-ones and 9-phenyl-8-oxa-10,12-diaza-tricyclo[7.3.1.0^2,7]trideca-2(7),3,5-trien-11-one by condensing acetophenone derivatives, aldehydes, and urea in the presence of trimethylsilyl chloride using a catalytic amount of H₆P₂W₁₈O₆₂-18H₂O under solvent-free conditions is reported.     

Conductance Studies on Complex Formation Between Aza-18-Crown-6 with Ag+, Hg2+ and Pb2+ Cations in DMSO–H2O Binary Solutions

The complexation reactions between Ag⁺, Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺ metal cations with aza-18-crown-6 (A18C6) were studied in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO)–water (H₂O) binary mixtures at different temperatures using the conductometric method. The conductance data show that the stoichiometry of the complexes in most cases is 1:1(ML), but in some cases 1:2 (ML₂) complexes are formed in solutions. A non-linear behaviour was observed for the variation of log K _f of the complexes vs. the composition of the binary mixed solvents. Selectivity of A18C6 for Ag⁺, Hg²⁺ and Pb²⁺ cations is sensitive to the solvent composition and in some cases and in certain compositions of the mixed solvent systems, the selectivity order is changed. The values of thermodynamic parameters (ΔH _c^o, ΔS _c^o) for formation of A18C6–Ag⁺, A18C6–Hg²⁺ and A18C6–Pb²⁺ complexes in DMSO–H₂O binary systems were obtained from temperature dependence of stability constants and the results show that the thermodynamics of complexation reactions is affected by the nature and composition of the mixed solvents.     

外偶极电场作用下H_2O,D_2O和T_2O的可逆分解电压

采用密度泛函B3P86方法和6-311++G(3df,3pf)基组,计算了在-0.05～0.05a.u.外偶极电场作用下,H2O,D2O,T2O,H2,D2,T2,O2的电子能量、核运动能量和熵值,在此基础上通过计算H2O(g)→H2(g)+O2(g)、D2O(g)→D2(g)+O2(g)、T2O(g)→T2(g)+O2(g)的焓变ΔH、熵变ΔS、Gibbs函数变化ΔG,最后得到了H2O,D2O,T2O的可逆分解电压Er.计算结果表明,外偶极电场存在时,H2O,D2O,T2O的Gibbs自由能变ΔG和可逆分解电压Er都有明显的变化,当外偶极电场正方向增加时,其Gibbs自由能变ΔG和可逆分解电压Er均趋于线性增加;当外偶极电场负方向增加时,其Gibbs自由能变ΔG和可逆分解电压Er均趋于线性减小;在相同外偶极电场作用下,Gibbs自由能变ΔG和可逆分解电压Er随H2O,D2O,T2O依次增加.     

Tetracyanonickelate compounds as sorptive materials and the substitution of their H2O content by D2O

The compounds NiNi(CN)₄·3,5H₂O and Ni(NH₃)₂Ni(CN)₄·H₂O have been studied to examine the possibility of substituting their H₂O or NH₃ content by D₂O. Contact with D₂O was performed after heating the compounds to several temperatures. Depending on the degree of decomposition of the original compounds different ranges of substitution were possible. In such manner the compounds NiNi(CN)₄·3,5D₂O, NiNi(CN)₄·5D₂O, Ni(NH₃)₂Ni(CN)₄·D₂O, and Ni(D₂O)₂Ni(CN)₄·D₂O were prepared and thermally they were less stable than the original ones. The substitution by D₂O is in agreement with the sorptive properties of the original tetracyanonickelate against different organic compounds using GC, since these could substitute the guest component and sometimes also the ligands during their decomposition.     

Dissociation and IVR pathways for the CF3H(H2O)3 cluster

Classical trajectory simulations are used to study the intramolecular dynamics of isolated CF₃H and the CF₃H(H₂O)₃ cluster, by either exciting the CH stretch local mode to then=6 level or by adding an equivalent amount of energy to an OH stretch normal mode. Energy transfer from the CH local mode is statistically the same for CF₃H(H₂O)₃ as for isolated CF₃H, and agrees with previous experimental studies. Clusters excited with 6 quanta in the CH local mode are remarkably stable. Though the CF₃H-(H₂O)₃ intermolecular potential is only 1.5 kcal/mol, only 1 of 26 clusters excited with 6 quanta in the CH local mode dissociate within 10 ps. The absorption linewidth for the CH local mode in CF₃H(H₂O)₃ is related to IVR within CF₃H and not to the unimolecular lifetime of the cluster. When an OH stretch normal mode of the cluster is excited, energy transfer to CF₃H is negligible and nearly one half of the clusters dissociate within 10 ps.     

A pseudopotential study of the hydrogen bond in H2O·H2S,H2S·H2S and H2O·H2Se systems

Intermolecular potential energy curves for the hydrogen bonded systems H₂O·H₂S, H₂O·H₂Se and H₂S·H₂S were calculated with nonempirical pseudopotentials using optimized-in-molecules basis sets augmented by polarization functions. The H₂O·H₂O interaction energy curve has been also considered as a test case. The present results for H₂O·H₂S and H₂S·H₂S indicate much weaker intermolecular interactions than those found in previous ab initio calculations. The H₂O·H₂Se interaction was found to be quite similar to H₂O·H₂S.This work was partly supported by the Polish Academy of Sciences within the Project PAN-09, 7.1.1.1On leave from Quantum Chemistry Laboratory, Dept. of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093. Warsaw, Poland     

Ab initio SCF MO study of hydrogen bonds between H2S and H2O molecules

The hydrogen bonds between H₂S and H₂O molecules are calculated through anab initio, LCAO MO SCF method using a Gaussian type orbital double-zeta basis set. The capacity of the H₂S molecule to act as an electron acceptor is confirmed. Consultant of the Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo.     

H6P2W18O62·14H2O as an efficient catalyst for the green synthesis of α-aminophosphonates from α-amino acids

Abstract

A simple, efficient and eco-friendly protocol has been described for the synthesis of α-aminophosphonates via Kabachnik-Fields reaction, catalyzed by H₆P₂W₁₈O₆₂·14H₂O as a reusable catalyst. The reaction was realized by condensation of amino acids, various aromatic aldehydes and triethylphosphite under solvent-free conditions, the corresponding α-aminophosphonates were formed in good yields. All the new products were characterized by IR, ¹H, ¹³C and ³¹P-NMR analyses. This method offers advantages such as simplicity workup with the green aspects, good yields and short reaction times.     

Infrared spectra (700–200 cm−1) and6Li/7Li and H2O/D2O isotope effects for four isotopically substituted lithium formate monohydrates

The infrared spectra, in the 700–200 cm^–1 region, have been reported for⁶LiHCO₂ · H₂O,⁶LiHCO₂ · D₂O,⁷LiHCO₂ · H₂O and⁷LiHCO₂ · D₂O and the observed fundamental bands have been discussed taking into account the⁶Li/⁷Li and H₂O/D₂O isotope wavenumber shifts on the fundamental vibrations.

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Infrarotspektren (700–200 cm^–1) und⁶Li/⁷Li- und H₂O/D₂O-Isotopeneffekte für vier isotopensubstituierte Lithiumformat-monohydrate

Zusammenfassung Die Infrarotspektren in der Region von 700–200 cm^–1 werden für⁶LiHCO₂ · H₂O,⁶LiHCO₂ · D₂O,⁷LiHCO₂ · H₂O und⁷LiHCO₂ · D₂O angegeben und die beobachteten Grundschwingungen zusammen mit den isotopischen Verschiebungen der Wellenzahlen diskutiert.

     

Identification of corona discharge-induced SF6 oxidation mechanisms using SF6/18O2/H2 16O and SF6/16O2/H2 18O gas mixtures

The absolute yields of gaseous oxyfluorides SOF₂, SO₂F₂, and SOF₄ from negative, point-plane corona discharges in pressurized gas mixtures of SF₆ with O₂ and H₂O enriched with¹⁸O₂ and H₂ ¹⁸O have been measured using a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. The predominant SF₆ oxidation mechanisms have been revealed from a determination of the relative¹⁸O and¹⁶O isotope content of the observed oxyfluoride by-product. The results are consistent with previously proposed production mechanisms and indicate that SOF₂ and SO₂F₂ derive oxygen predominantly from H₂O and O₂, respectively, in slow, gas-phase reactions involving SF₄, SF₃, and SF₂ that occur outside of the discharge region. The species SOF₄ derives oxygen from both H₂O and O₂ through fast reactions in the active discharge region involving free radicals or ions such as OH and O, with SF₅ and SF₄.     

Preparation of azo polyelectrolyte self-assembled multilayers by using N,N-dimethylformamide/H2O mixtures as solvents

N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF)/H₂O mixtures were used as solvents to fabricate azo polyelectrolyte (PEAPH)/poly(diallyldimethyl ammonium chloride)(PDAC) self-assembled multilayers with the layer-by-layer electrostatic adsorption technique. PEAPH is a copolymer of acrylic acid and azobenzene-containing acrylate. The effect of the ratio of DMF to water on the multilayer growth, structure and surface morphology was studied in some details. Results show that DMF/H₂O mixtures are proper media for PEAPH/PDAC multilayer fabrication. The ratio of DMF to water in the mixture has significant influence on the multilayer structure and surface morphology. With the increase of DMF content, the multilayer thickness has a better linear growth relationship with the bilayer number, and the multilayer surface becomes smoother. Moreover, azo chromophores show less H-aggregation when the multilayers are fabricated from DMF/H₂O mixtures with higher DMF contents. These studies demonstrate that using organic solvent and water mixtures is an effective way to control the multilayer construction by adjusting the media properties. This method can be applied to multilayer fabrication of other water-insoluble polyelectrolytes. __________ Translated from Acta Polymerica Sinica, 2005, (4) (in Chinese)     

Study of the vibrational spectra of SO2, H2O and D2O using the U(4) algebraic model

Using the U(4) algebraic model, in this work we report a study of the vibrational spectra of SO₂, H₂0¹⁸ and D₂O¹⁶. The inclusion of intermode couplings in algebraic models has been stated to give a deep insight into detailed spectroscopy for these bent XY₂ molecules. Improved set of algebraic parameters has been reported to provide improved RMS deviations for these molecules.     

Synthesis and thermal investigation of Na2Cd(SO4)2·2H2O

The synthesis and thermal decomposition of Na₂(SO₄)₂·2H₂O in both air and nitrogen are described. The synthesis was performed by two different procedures, but in both cases the same product was obtained, corresponding to the general formula given above. The crystals obtained were investigated by methods of X-ray powder diffraction, and chemical and thermal analysis. The differences in thermal decomposition in air and nitrogen are discussed.     

Supramolecular architecture built of Co(II) and a tripodal ligand containing 1-D water tapes with (H2O)16 cluster units

The reaction of Co(NO₃)₂?·?6H₂O with a tripodal ligand leads to a new complex {[Co(L)]?·?2NO₃?·?8H₂O} (1) confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The particular interest of 1 is in the formation of a 1-D water tape consisting of (H₂O)₁₆ cluster units, the neighboring water tapes are connected by free nitrate anions via hydrogen bonds into a 2-D guest layer. These guest layers are alternately packed face-to-face with the 2-D host layers along the a-axis to form a 3-D supramolecular architecture. There exist C–H?···?N and C–H?···?O weak hydrogen bonds between the guest layer and host layer. These weak hydrogen bonds and water–nitrate, water–water hydrogen bonds are important for the stability of the overall structure.     

Thermodynamics of bolaform electrolytes. I. Heat capacities and enthalpies in H2O and D2O

The partial molal heats of solution at infinite dilution, H _s ^o , of bolaform salts [Et₃N(CH₂)_nNEt₃]Br₂ and [allyl₃N(CH₂)_nNallyl₃]Br₂, have been measured in H₂O and D₂O at 25°C using a solution calorimeter. The values of H _s ^o were endothermic for almost all of the compounds studied. Values of H _s ^o were obtained as a function of temperature for several homologs in H₂O and D₂O. Positive C _p ^o values obtained from least-squares analyses of the H _s ^o vs T data show an almost linear dependence on the number of methylene groups between the nitrogen centers. Whereas the enthalpy of transfer from H₂O to D₂O is small and endothermic, relatively large positive heat capacity of transfer data, increasing with increased hydrocarbon content of the salts, were observed. The ability of the bolaform cation to act as a model for cation-cation pairing in R₄NX systems is discussed.     

Etude de la deshydratation de Ca(H2PO4)2·H2O et de sa reaction avec CaSO4 par ATD-ATG couplees

The dehydration of Ca(H₂PO₄)₂·H₂O was examined with simultaneous DTA and TG. This dehydration permitted clearly the apparation of the following phases: Ca(H₂PO₄)₂·0.5H₂O, Ca(H₂PO₄)₂, Ca₃(HP₂O₇)₂, Ca₂HP₃O₁₀ et Ca(PO₃)₂. The reaction of Ca(H₂PO₄)₂·H₂O and CaSO₄ was also examined with the same technics. It was found that the decomposition of CaSO₄ takes place for relatively low temperature (between 600°C and 800°C).     

DSC study of the phase transitions in [Ni(D2O)6](ClO4)2 and [Ni(H2O)6](ClO4)2

DSC measurements were carried out for [Ni(H₂O)₆](ClO₄)₂ (sampleH) and [Ni(D₂O)₆](ClO₄)₂ (sampleD) in the temperature range 300–380 K. For both compounds two anomalies on the DSC curves were detected. The results for sampleH are compared to those previously obtained using adiabatic calorimetry method. For both compounds studied in this work the high-temperature transition appears at the same temperature while the low-temperature one is shifted towards higher temperatures in sampleD. Disorder connected with H₂O or D₂O groups is suggested in the intermediate phase between the low- and high-temperature transitions.     

ZrOCl2·8H2O catalyzed solvent-free synthesis of isobenzofuran-1（3H）-ones

ZrOCl₂·8H₂O catalyzed environmentally benign synthesis of isobenzofuran-1（3H）-ones are described.ZrOCl₂·8H₂O appeared to be an excellent catalyst for the condensation and reactions.Reaction of phthalaldehydic acid（2-carboxybenzaldehyde） with methylaryl and cyclic ketones was initiated by condensation and occurred in one step providing excellent yields（90-98%）.     

Enthalpy of solution and effect of temperature on activity coefficients in MSO4−H2SO4−H2O system

Results of calorimetric determination of integral enthalpies of solution of some hydrates (monohydrates and heptahydrates) of 3d transition metal sulphates such as FeSO₄, NiSO₄ and MnSO₄ in three-component systems at sulphuric acid concentrations up to 2M are reported. Measured values of integral enthalpies of solution are the basis for calculation of activity coefficient temperature dependences according to Pitzer's model.     

Study of Complex Formation Between Dicyclohexano-18-Crown-6 (DCH18C6) with Mg 2+, Ca2+, Sr 2+, and Ba2+ Cations in Methanol–Water Binary Mixtures Using Conductometric Method

The complexation reactions between Mg²⁺,Ca²⁺,Sr²⁺ and Ba²⁺ metal cations with macrocyclic ligand, dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 (DCH18C6) were studied in methanol (MeOH)–water (H₂O) binary mixtures at different temperatures using conductometric method . In all cases, DCH18C6 forms 1:1 complexes with these metal cations. The values of stability constants of complexes which were obtained from conductometric data show that the stability of complexes is affected by the nature and composition of the mixed solvents. While the variation of stability constants of DCH18C6-Sr ²⁺ and DCH18C6-Ba²⁺versus the composition of MeOH–H₂O mixed solvents is monotonic, an anomalous behavior was observed for variations of stability constants of DCH18C6-Mg²⁺ and DCH18C6-Ca²⁺ versus the composition of the mixed solvents. The values of thermodynamic parameters (ΔH_c°, ΔS_c°) for complexation reactions were obtained from temperature dependence of formation constants of complexes using the van’t Hoff plots. The results show that in most cases, the complexation reactions are enthalpy stabilized but entropy destabilized and the values of thermodynamic parameters are influenced by the nature and composition of the mixed solvents. The obtained results show that the order of selectivity of DCH18C6 ligand for metal cations in different concentrations of methanol in MeOH–H₂O binary system is: Ba²⁺>Sr²⁺>Ca²⁺> Mg²⁺.