Determination of Theophylline at a Cysteic Acid Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

A glassy carbon electrode modified with electrodeposited cysteic acid is proposed for the determination of theophylline. Estimation of the linear range, calibration function and limit of detection, as well as determination in real samples such as medication tablets were performed.     

Application of Novel Zn‐Ferrite Modified Glassy Carbon Paste Electrode as a Sensor for Determination of Cd(II) in Waste Water

This paper describes the preparation of a new sensor based on Zn‐ferrite modified glassy carbon paste electrode and its electrochemical application for the determination of trace Cd(II) ions in waste waters using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). Different Zn/Ni ferrite nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray powder diffraction (XRPD). The prepared ferrite nanoparticles were used for the preparation of Zn‐ferrite‐modified glassy carbon paste electrode (ZnMGCPE) for determination of Cd(II) at nanomolar levels in waste water at pH 5. The different parameters such as conditions of preparation, Zn²⁺/Ni²⁺/Fe²⁺ ratio and electrochemical parameters, percentage of modifier, accumulation time, pH and accumulation potential were investigated. Besides, interference measurements were also evaluated under optimized parameters. The best voltammetric response was observed for ZnFe₂O₄ modifier, when the percentage of modifier was 3 %, accumulation time 9 min, pH of supporting electrolyte 5 and accumulation potential ?1.05 V. Thus prepared electrode displays excellent response to Cd(II) with a detection limit of 0.38 ppb, and selective detection toward Cd(II) was achieved.     

甲氧苄啶在多壁碳纳米管-Nafion修饰电极上的电催化氧化及电分析方法

用循环伏安法(CV),计时库仑法(CC),计时电流法(CA),线性扫描伏安法(LSV)及电流-时间曲线研究了甲氧苄啶(trimethoprim, TMP)在碳纳米管-Nafion修饰电极(MWCNTs-Nafion/GCE)上的电化学行为,电化学动力学性质以及电分析方法.结果表明,TMP在GCE上有一个极弱的氧化峰,而在MWCNTs-Nafion/GCE上出现一个敏锐的氧化峰,表明MWCNTs-Nafion/GCE对TMP电化学氧化具有良好的催化作用.在扫描速度为10～800 mV/s时其氧化峰电流与扫描速度平方根(v1/2)呈良好线性关系,表明TMP在MWCNTs-Nafion/GCE上的伏安行为是受扩散控制的电化学过程.TMP在MWCNTs-Nafion/GCE上氧化峰电流与浓度在5.0×10-6～1.0×10-3 mol/L范围内呈良好线性关系;检出限为6.6×10-7 mol/L;RSD在0.75%～1 69%之间;加标回收率在98.1%～101.1%之间.本方法简便快捷,测定结果令人满意,可用于TMP的电化学定量测定.     

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Acyclovir on Poly(p‐Aminobenzene Sulfonic Acid) Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

Acyclovir is an antiviral effective drug active compound. A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with an electropolymerized film of p‐aminobenzene sulfonic acid (p‐ABSA) in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). The polymer film‐modified electrode was used to electrochemically detect acyclovir. Polymer film showed excellent electrocatalytic activity for the oxidation of acyclovir. The anodic peak potential value of the acyclovir at the poly(p‐ABSA) modified glassy carbon electrode was 950 mV obtained by DPV. A linear calibration curve for DPV analysis was constructed in the acyclovir concentration range 2×10^?7–9×10^?6 mol L^?1. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were obtained as 5.57×10^?8 and 1.85×10^?7 mol L^?1 respectively. The proposed method exhibits good recovery and reproducibility.     

Electrochemical Oxidation of Sulfasalazine at a Glassy Carbon Electrode

Sulfasalazine (SSZ) is a pharmaceutical compound used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. The electrochemical oxidation of SSZ at a glassy carbon electrode was studied by cyclic, differential pulse and square wave voltammetry in a wide pH range. For electrolytes with pH<11.0, the oxidation is an irreversible, diffusion‐control, pH‐dependent process that involves the transfer of one electron and one proton from the hydroxyl group of the salicylic moiety. For pH>11.0 the oxidation is pH‐independent, and a pK_a≈11 was determined. The formation of a quinone‐like oxidation product that undergoes two electrons and two protons reversible redox reaction was observed. Also, UV‐vis spectra of SSZ were recorded as a function of supporting electrolytes pH. An electrochemical oxidation mechanism was proposed.     

盐酸伪麻黄碱在多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极上的电催化氧化及其电化学动力学性质

盐酸伪麻黄碱;碳纳米管修饰电极;电催化氧化;电化学动力学     

Electrochemical Detection of Steroid Hormones Using a Nickel‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

This paper demonstrates the development of an analytical method for detecting steroid hormones by coupling HPLC to electrochemical detection, using a nickel‐modified glassy carbon electrode. The method was evaluated in terms of sensitivity, linear dynamic range, limit of detection, and response stability. The developed method exhibited good figures of merit for the steroid hormones studied with no evidence of electrode fouling. As an example, the limit of detection (S/N=3) for E3 was 0.10 µM and the response precision (n=5) was 0.6 %. The application of the method for the analysis of a real river water sample is demonstrated.     

Electrochemical Detection of 2‐Naphthol at a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Tosflex Film

In this study, a Tosflex (a perfluoro‐anion‐exchange membrane) modified glassy carbon electrode has been used to detect 2‐naphthalenol (2‐naphthol) in aqueous solutions in order to demonstrate the electroanalytical application of Tosflex. 2‐naphthol polymerizes upon electrochemical oxidation at a glassy carbon electrode; however, the current related to this oxidation is too small for analytical purpose at low concentration level. A Tosflex polymer modified glassy carbon electrode (TFGCE) was found of having capability to improve the detection limit because 2‐naphthol molecules deprotonated in basic solutions to form 2‐naphtholate anions that were accumulated to TFGCE by the anion‐exchange characteristic of Tosflex. The accumulated 2‐naphtholate anions were determined with the following differential pulse voltammetry. With 3 minutes accumulation at +0.05 V, the dependence of oxidation current versus concentration was linear from 8×10^?7 M to 1×10^?5 M with a regression coefficient of 0.999 and a detection limit of 2×10^?7 M. Unlike many other anion‐exchange polymer modified electrodes, the TFGCE is stable at highly basic condition.     

六氰合铁酸锰铬修饰电极的制备及其电化学行为

应用循环伏安法在活化玻碳电极(GCE)表面制备六氰合铁酸锰铬(MnCrHCF)膜修饰电极(MnCrH-CF/GCE)并研究其电化学性质.探讨影响膜电沉积的因素,研究pH值以及不同支持电解质等制备条件对该修饰电极性能的影响,优化制备工艺,分析其反应机理.     

6-巯基嘌呤在多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为及其分析应用

将固体多壁碳纳米管置于10g·L-1叫六偏磷酸钠溶液中,通过超声搅拌制成均匀分散的悬浮液.取此悬浮液10μL,滴加于经抛光的玻碳电极的表面,在红外灯下烘干后即制成多壁碳纳米管修饰的玻碳电极(CNT/GCE).在pH 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲介质中,6-巯基嘌呤(6-MP)在0.357 V(vs.Ag/AgC1)处出现一灵敏的氧化峰,其峰电流(Ip)与6-MP浓度在5×10-7～1×10-4mol·L-1叫之间呈线性关系,检出限为5.0×10-8mol·L-1.应用此方法测定了3个模拟血清样品中6-MP含量,并测得方法的回收率在98.0%～104.7%之间.在6-MP浓度水平为1×10-5mol·L-1叫的条件下,测得方法的RSD(n=10)为4.2%.     

水杨酸在多壁碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为及其测定

用循环伏安法(CV)研究了水杨酸(SA)在多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为,并初步探讨了反应机理.实验结果表明,水杨酸在该电极上为一个2e/H~+的完全不可逆过程.在pH=5.0的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(PBS)中,用循环伏安法在该电极上测定了水杨酸.方法线性范围为2.0×10~(-5)～1.0×10~(-3)mol/L,检出限为8.93×10~(-6)mol/L.将该电极用于药品分析,结果令人满意.     

延胡索酸泰妙菌素在乙炔黑-离子液体复合修饰玻碳电极上的电化学行为及电分析方法

用乙炔黑(Acetylene black,AB)和离子液体(Ionic liquid,IL)制备了乙炔黑-离子液体复合修饰玻碳电极(AB-ILs/GCE),并用电化学阻抗谱(EIS)进行了表征。采用循环伏安法(Cyclic voltammetry,CV)和计时电流法(Chronoamperometry,CA),方波伏安法(Square wave voltammetry,SWV)研究了延胡索酸泰妙菌素(TF)在此电极上电化学行为及电化学动力学性质。结果表明,TF在玻碳电极(GCE)上于0.74 V处出现一个不可逆氧化峰,与GCE相比TF在AB/GCE上的氧化峰电位基本不变,氧化峰电流增大1.8倍;而与AB/GCE相比,TF在AB-ILs/GCE上的氧化峰电位略有负移,氧化峰电流增大3倍。实验结果表明,AB-ILs/GCE对TF电化学氧化有明显的催化作用。同时考察了实验条件对TF电化学行为的影响,测定了电极反应过程动力学参数,并用本方法对TF针剂中TF含量进行了定量测定,RSD在1.1%～2.9%之间,加标回收率在98.6%～101.8%之间。据此建立了TF电化学定量测定方法。     

Cyclic Lipopeptide Antibiotic Daptomycin Electrochemical Oxidation at a Glassy Carbon Electrode

Daptomycin was the first approved drug from a new class of antimicrobials, the cyclic lipopeptides, and presents a broad spectrum of activity against a wide range of gram‐positive bacteria. The daptomycin redox behaviour, by cyclic, differential pulse and square wave voltammetry, in a wide pH range, at a glassy carbon electrode, was investigated. The daptomycin oxidation was a two‐step irreversible diffusion‐controlled process and the diffusion coefficient D_DPT = 2.32 × 10⁻⁵ cm² s⁻¹, was calculated. A detection limit LOD = 0.32 μM, was obtained. For the first time daptomycin, in fetal bovine serum biological fluid, using DP voltammetry, was determined.     

A Novel Sensitive Electrochemical Sensor Based on Nickel Chloride Solution Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for Curcumin Determination

In this research, the high conductivity of nickel chloride solution as well as the ability of nickel ions in establishing particular bonds with curcumin was benefited to fabricate a new electrochemical sensor based on nickel chloride solution modified glassy carbon electrode (NiCl₂/GCE) for detection and measurement of curcumin in human blood serum. Atomic force microscope (AFM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods indicated that using nickel chloride solution for the modification of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface had a significant effect on improvement of the electrode performance. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used for quantitative measurement of curcumin, which exhibited the linear response of NiCl₂/GCE toward curcumin within the concentration range of 10–600 μM and provided the detection limit of 0.109 μM for curcumin in human blood serum.     

钴/玻碳离子注入修饰电极伏安法测定呋喃妥因的研究

呋喃妥因 (NFT)在 0 .1mol/LHAc NaAc (pH 4 .0 )溶液中于钴 /玻碳 (Co/GC)离子注入修饰电极上产生一灵敏的伏安还原峰 ,峰电位为 - 0 .2 6V(vs.Ag/AgCl) ,峰电流与NFT浓度在 6 .0× 10 -8～ 5 .0× 10 -6mol/L范围内呈线性关系 (r =0 .9987) ,检出限为 1.0× 10 -8mol/L。用线性扫描伏安法和循环伏安法研究了NFT的伏安行为、吸附特性和电极反应机理。测定了电子转移数 (n =4 )、转移系数 (α =0 .5 8)和参与反应的质子数 (X =4 )等电化学参数。结果表明该电极过程为一具有吸附性的不可逆过程。该法用于片剂中NFT含量的测定 ,得到满意的结果。用标准加入法测得该法的回收率为 94 .0 %～ 98.5 %。     

纳米金修饰玻碳电极对鸟嘌呤的催化氧化

采用电化学沉积法制备了纳米金修饰玻碳电极,并用循环伏安法和电化学阻抗法进行了表征,以此建立了一种直接测定鸟嘌呤的电分析方法。在磷酸盐缓冲溶液(pH 6.0)中,研究了鸟嘌呤在纳米金修饰电极上的电化学行为,实验结果表明,纳米金修饰电极可以增强鸟嘌呤在电极表面的吸附,并加快鸟嘌呤在电极表面的电子传输,使其电化学信号明显增大,检测灵敏度大大提高,该修饰电极对鸟嘌呤表现出良好的电催化性能。在优化实验条件下对鸟嘌呤进行测定,方法的线性范围为8.0×10-7~6.0×10-5mol/L,检出限为1.0×10-8mol/L,在鸟嘌呤浓度为1.0×10-5mol/L时测得RSD(n=10)为2.5%。     

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Estrogenic Phenolic Compounds at a Nickel‐Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

This paper demonstrates for the first time, successful electrocatalytic oxidation of electroactive estrogenic phenolic compounds (EPCs) at a nickel‐modified glassy carbon electrode (Ni‐GCE). The electrode was evaluated in terms of electrocatalytic activity, sensitivity, linear dynamic range, limit of detection, and response stability. In comparison to bare glassy carbon electrode, current amplification was observed for EPCs at Ni‐GCE, for example, for a 40 µM estrone at Ni‐GCE was amplified by a factor of 1224. The Ni‐GCE gave good figures of merit with no evidence of electrode fouling. As an example, the limit of detection (S/N=3) for 17β‐estradiol was 100 nM and the response precision (n=5) was 3.4 %.     

电活化玻碳电极差分脉冲伏安法测定水杨酸的研

采用循环伏安法和差分脉冲伏安法对水杨酸在电活化玻碳电极上的电化学行为进行研究.在pH7.0的PBS溶液中,将玻碳电极用恒电位法在+1.7V电位阳极氧化400 s.在0.2 mol·L- NaOH溶液中,水杨酸在0.602 V处有一良好的氧化峰,其氧化峰电流与扫描速率在0.02～0.2 V·s-1范围内呈良好线性关系,表...     

Electrochemical Detection of NADH,Cysteine, or Glutathione Using a Caffeic Acid Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

A modified electrode was prepared using electrodeposition methods to immobilize caffeic acid (CAF) onto the surface of a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to create a polymer suitable for biosensor development. The polymer film coverage of the surface bound species was further optimized using electrodeposition methods, thus increasing the surface coverage to ca. 10^?9 mol cm^?2. Using cyclic voltammetry, the modified carbon electrode was used to facilitate and observe the electrocatalytic oxidation of coenzymes such as NADH, cysteine, and glutathione at different concentrations. A calibration curve was determined in each case within the concentration range; 300 nM to 10 mM, with the limits of detection (LOD) of 246 µM, 99 µM, 2.2 µM for NADH, cysteine, and glutathione respectively.