SF6气体间隙开关激光触发延迟的数值模拟

 建立了激光触发SF₆气体间隙开关的0维数值模型，数值计算结果与国内外实验进行了比较，计算的延迟时间与实验结果符合较好。在充气压力一定时，延迟时间随激光能量、工作电压比的增加而减小，并且延迟时间-工作电压比的曲线斜率也是随激光能量和工作电压比的增加而减小的。当激光能量一定时，延迟时间随充气压力的减小和电压的增加而减小, 并且不同充气压力的延迟时间随电压变化的曲线斜率是随电压的增加而减小的。但是，等电压压力比值情况下,延迟时间是随充气压力的增加而减小的。     

A simple model for lamellar peritectic coupled growth with peritectic reaction

The lamellar peritectic coupled growth in Fe-Ni peritectic system was investigated using the equilibrium Boettinger-Jackson-Hunt model. It was found that the slope of the undercooling vs. lamellar spacing is very near zero around the minimum overheating, and the coupled growth can exist under this condition even if the slope of the undercooling vs. lamellar spacing curve is slightly smaller than zero. In addition, the peritectic reaction can never reach completion during the peritectic coupled growth. So the equilibrium peritectic coupled growth was modified by considering the incompletion of the peritectic reaction. It was shown that when the fractions of the peritectic reaction reach 60%–80% completion, the calculated undercooling vs. lamellar spacing curves agree well with the experimental observations in the directionally solidified Fe-Ni alloys. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50395102 and 50271020) and the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (Grant No. 05-0530)     

十种稀土金属电阻的压力效应

 使用Bundy和Dunn发展起来的带有烧结金刚石砧的Drickamer型高压装置，用固定点测压法标定实验压力，在室温及0~43 GPa的压力范围内测量了稀土金属中Pr、Nd、Sm、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Tm、Lu和Yb的电阻随压力的变化。在各稀土元素的电阻随压力变化的曲线上，观测到了若干“凸起”和斜率突变点，根据Jayaraman提出的三价稀土在压力作用下的相变顺序，得到了这些突（凸）变点分别对应着hcp→Sm-type→dhcp→fcc相变顺序中的某一类型的相变压力。此外还观测到了Pr、Gd、Tb的fcc相随着压力再增高而发生的相变，根据已报导的关于Pr的工作，推测Gd和Tb的这一相变应为fcc→dfcc相变，它们分别发生在22.0和24.5 GPa。在本工作所得结果基础上对Johansson的三价稀土总相图进行了修正。     

波面斜率结构函数及其在自适应光学扩展信标波前探测中的应用

从结构函数的定义出发 ,推导出了斜率结构函数表达式 ,并且在模拟大气随机波前的仿真实验中得以验证。同时 ,将斜率结构函数应用于扩展信标波前探测中 ,可作为选择最佳基准子波面的依据。     

Adiabatic vs. non-adiabatic determination of specific absorption rate of ferrofluids

The measurement of temperature variations in adiabatic conditions allows the determination of the specific absorption rate of magnetic nanoparticles and ferrofluids from the correct incremental expression, SAR=(1/m_MNP)C(ΔT/Δt). However, when measurements take place in non-adiabatic conditions, one must approximate this expression by SAR≈Cβ/m_MNP, where β is the initial slope of the temperature vs. time curve during alternating field application. The errors arising from the use of this approximation were estimated through several experiments with different isolating conditions, temperature sensors and sample-sensor contacts. It is concluded that small to appreciable errors can appear, which are difficult to infer or control.     

A quantitative interpretation of the surface segregation in air-exposed intermetallic compounds. A test case UNiAl

The first quantitative interpretation of the surface segregation in an air-exposed intermetallic compound, namely UNiAl, has been proposed. The analysis of the experimental data indicates that the driving force for the segregation is associated with the surface free energy of the pure metal constituents of the intermetallic compound. The slope of the surface abundance vs surface energy curve differs by approximately a factor of 8 from the slope predicted by a Boltsmann-type distribution function. The same slope is also derived by analyzing the segregation properties of Zr, Cr and Mn in ZrCr₂ and ZrMn₂, previously studied by other investigators.     

A study of selected slope values in growth fronts of Au thin films

In this work, we compare the experimental slope values measured at the border of the surface protrusions that appear in growth fronts of evaporated Au films with the slope values predicted by the selected slope theories, showing a good agreement between them. For this purpose, a theoretical expression for the histogram of terrace widths at the borders of surface protrusions is developed for surfaces composed of paraboloidal-shaped elements whose shape parameters have a low statistical correlation and a high statistical dispersion between each other. The theoretical histogram was compared with those experimentally measured in Au(111) films grown on single-crystal and polycrystalline substrates. Experimental minimum values of terrace widths at the protrusion borders (that correspond to maximum slopes) obtained from the single-crystal-growth agree with those provided by the selected slope theory. An extension of the selected slope theory has been performed to interpret the additional maximum slope value observed in the polycrystalline films.     

Spectroscopic slope temperature measurements using a noncalibrated tungsten lamp as a reference light source

The spectroscopic slope method for temperature measurements requires the calibration of the spectrometer spectral response, unless the spectral lines or band components all occur in such a small wavelength interval that the response is constant. A calibrated tungsten lamp is generally used when a spectral response calibration is required. Accurately calibrated tungsten lamps are relatively expensive and generally do not have long term stability. To circumvent this problem, a method has been developed for which noncalibrated tungsten lamps may be used as reference light sources for calibrating the spectrometer wavelength response when the true tungsten filament temperature of the reference source is equal to the unknown source temperature. Then, a plot of the proper qualities vs the lower energy level of the spectral lines provides the source temperature. The absolute calibration of the tungsten lamp is not required.     

Band-hopping transition in the quasi one-dimensional conductor TMTSF-DMTCNQ?

It has been reported that under pressure ? 10 kb, TMTSF-DMTCNQ shows at some temperature an S-shaped anomaly in the conductivity and a change in the slope of thermopower vs temperature. These changes have been taken to indicate a transition from one metallic phase to another. I give evidence that the transition these changes signal is from band to hopping conduction in the DMTCNQ chains.     

The Unreasonable Effectiveness of the Air-Fluorescence Technique in Determining the EAS Shower Maximum

Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics - We review all existing air-fluorescence measurements of the elongation rate of extensive air showers (slope of mean EAS shower maximum Xmax vs. log...     

Disappearance of the kondo effect of Ce impurities in (La,Th) based alloys

We present an experimental study of the resistivity at low temperature of (La, Th) based alloys with Ce impurities. We observe a logarithmic behaviour of the resistivity vs temperature at low concentration of Th. When we increase the concentration of Th, the magnetic resistivity is no longer logarithmic but linear with T, and at still higher concentrations of Th, the anomaly in the resistivity disappears. Moreover, the curve of the slope of the logarithmic resistivity vs the concentration of Th goes through a maximum for 20% Th before vanishing for 50% Th.     

有限长线声源斜面声场分析

为了进一步研究有限长线声源的声场特性,完善有限长线声源声场理论,建立了有限长线声源斜面声场的模型,提出了其理论计算方法。基于仿真结果和数据分析,探讨并得到了有限长线声源斜面声场特性的三个参数与斜面声场特性之间的关系。通过调整斜面倾角α、交点的位置r0以及有限长线声源的长度L,可以有效改善斜面声场的分布。     

Dual mechanisms in the perceptual processing of click train temporal regularity

Two experiments measured human sensitivity to temporal jitter in 25-click trains with inter-click intervals (ICIs) between 5 and 100 ms. In a naturalistic experiment using wideband clicks, jitter thresholds were a nonmonotonic function of ICI, peaking for ICIs near 40-60 ms. In a subsequent experiment, clicks were high-passed and presented against a low-frequency noise masker. Jitter threshold vs ICI functions lost the positive slope over short ICIs but retained the negative slope at long ICIs. The same behavior was seen in click rate discrimination tasks. Different processes mediate regularity analysis for click trains with ICIs above and below 40-60 ms.     

Determination of the exchange current in the SOFC composite cathode

To evaluate the exchange current I _o of the oxygen electrode reaction at the O₂ strontium-doped lanthanum manganite (LSM)/yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) composite/YSZ interface, the variation of the current I vs overvoltage η is measured at low cathodic and anodic polarizations (−50 to 30 mV). A linear behavior is observed within this potential domain with a unique slope. Taking into account of the dissociative adsorption of the oxygen molecule on the LSM electrocatalyst surface and the charge transferred at the triple-phase boundary, the exchange current is evaluated to 2.93 mA in air at 747 °C.     

A simple model for multiphoton molecular absorption

A simple model is provided for the multiphoton absorption process in a gas based on the discrete level, quasicontinuum picture. The model is an extension of one used to describe saturation of a laser medium. Numerical solutions for the fractional energy absorbed illustrate a number of features observed in experiments. These include a wide range of behavior for the fractional energy absorbed vs fluence, including a positive slope. A second feature is the relatively large value for the fractional energy absorbed, even when the ground-state cross section is small.     

磁绝缘线振荡器的起振电压与注入电压关系的分析

粒子模拟和实验研究发现磁绝缘线振荡器(MILO)的起振电压会随注入工作电压的增大而增大, 通过进一步的分析与研究, 找到了引起该现象的根本原因, 即随着注入工作电压的增大, 工作电压上升前沿的斜率必然增大, 上升前沿斜率的增大必然引起起振电压的增大, 当斜率无限大时, MILO的起振电压等于工作电压. 因此, 工作电压上升前沿斜率的变化是引起MILO器件起振点变化的根本原因; 当注入电压上升沿的斜率固定不变时, 同一MILO器件的起振点不变, 即对应的起振电压值不变; 当注入电压上升沿的斜率增大时, 同一MILO器件的起振点对应的起振电压值随之增大. 对MILO器件的自磁绝缘临界电流公式进行了部分修正. 关键词： 磁绝缘线振荡器 工作电压 起振电压 工作曲线     

Fusion hindrance in the neck evolution of symmetric nuclear reactions

Fusion hindrance in the radial degree of freedom for massive nuclear reactions is known for a long time. However the present work shows that the fusion hindrance also exists in the neck evolution. We calculate the potential at different distances and different neck parameters by the two-center liquid drop model and then check whether fusion hindrance exists in the neck evolution by examing the sign of slope of potential vs. the neck parameter. The area of fusion hindrance in the neck evolution is shown.     

Cu site substitution effect on the Hall coefficient of La2−xSrxCuO4

The Cu site substitution effects on the Hall coefficient R_H and the electrical resistivity have been studied for La_2−xSr_xCuO₄. In a small x region, R_H decreases largely with Zn doping and increases with Ni doping. In the Ni doped samples, shows the characteristic temperature dependence similar to those of the unsubstituted samples where the decrease of the slope of vs. T curve is observed for x<0.1 above 600K but in the Zn doped samples, the change of the slope of becomes smaller,i.e. the temperature dependence of below 600K becomes smaller. These results indicate that the origin of the change of the slope of around 600K for x<0.1 is magnetic and the spin correlation or the electronic state is rather different below and above 600K. The unusual Zn doping dependences of R_H and are naturally explained by considering that the electronic state at high temperatures above 600K which has a small Hall coefficient expected for the large Fermi surface comes down to lower temperatures by the Zn doping.     

Simulation of Thermal Distortion of DCM Crystal Indirectly Cooled by LN2

The simulation result of thermal distortion of DCM crystal indirectly cooled by liquid nitrogen(LN₂) at Shanghai synchrotron radiation facility (SSRF) has been reported. The source is U27 undulator. The maximum of power density at 24m is 60W/mm². We give the correlation of the slope error of crystal surface vs. Bragg angle, the convection film coefficient, the bulk temperature of LN₂ and total power absorbed by the first crystal, respectively. The slope error is less than 3 arcsec when the Bragg angle is less than 30°, the thickness of crystal is larger than 30mm, the current of storage ring is up to 400mA and cooled by 78K LN₂.     

用超声方法研究掺丙氨酸氘化TGS晶体的相变

 采用超声脉冲重合技术，观察LADTGS在压力升至0.8 GPa，温度在20~90 ℃范围内，超声波在晶体中传播的速度及声衰减系数随温度变化的规律，发现在常压下，在64 ℃处声速随温度变化曲线的斜率有明显变化，对应的声衰减也有一明显吸收峰。随压力升高，T_c以约12 ℃/GPa的速率向高温方向移动。这一现象与介电常数的研究结果大致相同。