Effect of Cu promoter on Ni-based SBA-15 catalysts for partial oxidation of methane to syngas

A series of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts with 5wt% to 15wt% Ni content as well as a series of 12.5%Ni/Cu/SBA-15 catalysts with 1% to 10% copper content were prepared by the impregnation method. The catalytic performance for partial oxidation of methane was investigated in a continuous flow microreactor under atmospheric pressure. The textural and chemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by XRD, TEM, BET and H2-TPR techniques. The results indicated that the catalysts modified with Cu promoter showed better performance than those without modification. For the 12.5%Ni/2.5%/Cu/SBA-15 catalyst, at 850 ◦C the conversion of CH4 reached 97.9% and the selectivity of CO and H2 reached 98.0% and 96.0%, respectively. In XRD patterns of the Ni/Cu/SBA-15 catalyst with 7.5 to 10% Cu contents there were CuO characteristic peaks beside NiO characteristic peaks. The mesoporous structure of SBA-15 was retained in all of the catalysts. TPR analysis of the catalysts revealed that a strong interaction between Ni, Cu promoter and SBA-15 support may be existed. This interaction enhanced significantly the redox properties of the catalysts resulting in the higher catalytic activity.     

氮化SBA-16负载镍基催化剂的制备及其对甲烷二氧化碳重整反应的催化性能

通过软模板法合成了SBA-16分子筛,采用高温氨气氮化的方法使有序介孔硅材料中的氧原子部分被氮原子取代,得到氮化的SBA-16载体(SBA-16-N)。采用满孔浸渍法制备了镍基催化剂,并将制得的Ni/SBA-16和Ni/SBA-16-N催化剂用于甲烷二氧化碳重整反应。通过透射电镜、氮气物理吸附、X射线衍射、X射线光电子能谱和二氧化碳程序升温脱附等手段研究了载体和催化剂的结构,并利用热重分析对反应之后回收催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,高温氮化后的分子筛中掺入了氮元素,增加了载体的碱性,改善了载体对反应气体的吸附活化能力,增强了载体与金属之间的相互作用,从而提高了催化剂的活性和抗积炭性能。     

Effect of O2 and H2O on the tri-reforming of the simulated biogas to syngas over Ni-based SBA-15 catalysts

A series of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts with Ni contents from 7.5 wt% to 15 wt% were prepared by impregnation method. The effect of O2 and H2O on the combined reforming of the simulated biogas to syngas was investigated in a continuous flow fixed-bed micro-reactor. The stability of the catalyst was tested at 800 ℃. The results indicated that 10 wt%Ni/SBA-15 catalyst exhibited the highest catalytic activities for the combined reforming of the simulated biogas to syngas. Under the reaction conditions of the feed gas molar ratios CH4/CO2/O2/H2O = 2/1/0.6/0.6, GHSV = 24000 ml•g{cat}-1\cdoth-1 and the reaction temperatureT = 800 ℃, the conversions of CH4 and CO2 were 92.8% and 76.3%, respectively, and the yields of CO and H2 were 99.0% and 82.0%, respectively. The catalytic activities of the catalyst did not decrease obviously after 100 h reaction time on stream.     

助剂MgO、CaO对甲烷水蒸气重整Ni/γ-Al2O3催化性能的影响

采用固定床装置,考察了以共浸方式引入的助剂MgO、CaO对Ni/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂在甲烷水蒸气催化重整中的催化反应性能的影响。结果表明,在H₂O/CH₄/N₂的摩尔比为2.86/1/3.28,GHSV为1800h^－1,反应温度为700℃下,催化剂Ni-CaO/Al₂O₃催化性能最好;反应初期甲烷转化率可达到96.95%、CO选择性可达68.93%、H₂收率可达73.58%。XRD和H₂-TPR结果表明,CaO的存在使催化剂中的活性NiO组分增多,还原性和分散性能较好。利用热分析技术对积炭进行考察发现反应10h后的Ni-CaO/Al₂O₃催化剂上并未出现导致催化剂失活的炭物种。     

Effect of Ni Loading and CexZr1-xO2 Promoter on Ni-Based SBA-15 Catalysts for Steam Reforming of Methane

A series of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts with Ni contents ranging from 5wt% to 20wt% as well as 10wt%Ni/10wt?xZn-xO2/SBA-15 (z=0, 0.5, 1) were prepared. The structures of the catalysts were characterized using XRD, TPR, TEM and BET techniques. The catalytic activities of the catalysts for steam reforming of methane were evaluated in a continuous flow microreactor. The results indicated that both the Ni/SBA-15 and the Ni/CexZr1-xO2/SBA-15 catalysts had good catalytic activities at atmospheric pressure. The 10wt%Ni/SBA-15 catalyst exhibited excellent stability at 800癈 for time on stream of 740 h. After the reaction, carbon deposits were not formed on the surface of the catalyst. There existed a regular hexagonal mesoporous structure in the Ni/SBA-15 and the Ni/CexZr1-xO2/SBA-15 catalysts. The nickel species and the CexZr1-xO2 component were all confined in the SBA-15 mesopores. The CexZr1-xO2 could promote dispersion of the nickel species in the Ni/CexZr1-xO2/SBA-15 catalysts.     

甲烷二氧化碳重整反应中微量氧化镁助剂对Ni基催化剂抗积碳性能的影响（英文）

甲烷二氧化碳重整反应不仅可以将两种温室气体转化为更具有工业应用价值的合成气,而且反应产物中的H_2/CO比也比较适宜合成气的深加工过程,兼具环境效益和经济效益,因此受到广泛的关注与研究.但是,阻碍该过程工业化的主要问题在于反应中Ni基催化剂非常容易积碳,从而导致催化剂失活.近年来,甲烷二氧化碳催化重整领域的研究主要集中在反应机理和催化剂设计,其中大多数的研究结果表明,Ni基催化剂的抗积碳性能取决于反应过程中积碳速率与消碳速率之间的平衡.CO_2是该反应体系中唯一的氧源,因此Ni基催化剂的消碳能力在很大程度上取决于其对CO_2裂解活化能力的强弱.早期的文献中一般认为,CO_2的裂解活化与载体的Lewis碱性位点强弱相关,因此添加碱性氧化物助剂,比如MgO和CaO等,能够增强Ni基催化剂的碱性强度和CO_2吸附性能,有利于催化剂表面碳物种的转化,从而增强催化剂的稳定性.已有文献报道,添加微量MgO助剂(1 wt%)尽管没有影响Ni基催化剂的碱性强度,但是能够明显增强Ni基催化剂的稳定性,但没有对此结果给出明确的解释.在非均相催化研究领域中,活性金属与助剂在催化剂表面的分散性,是研究其催化作用的重要前提.大部分甲烷二氧化碳催化重整研究工作中,助剂的引入通常采用浸渍法,但是这种制备方法并不能有效保证助剂的分散度.本研究工作利用了水滑石材料的"记忆效应",将0.42 wt%Mg~(2+)引入到由Ni-Al水滑石前驱体焙烧后得到的Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂中.X射线能谱仪的结果表明,微量MgO助剂均匀分散在Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂表面上.经X射线衍射、CO_2程序升温脱附和H_2程序升温还原表征验证,添加微量的MgO助剂并没有对Ni晶粒尺寸、金属载体相互作用以及Al_2O_3载体表面碱性强度产生明显作用;然而甲烷二氧化碳重整活性评价测试和反应后催化剂的O2程序升温氧化实验结果显示,微量MgO助剂能明显增强Ni/Al_2O_3催化剂的稳定性,并且有效地阻碍了石墨碳在催化剂表面的形成.表面脉冲吸附实验结果证实,微量MgO助剂促进了CO_2在Ni颗粒表面的裂解活化,进而可以及时消除Ni金属表面由甲烷裂解产生的碳物种,防止其迁移、聚集和生成石墨碳.     

Nickel catalysts supported on MgO with different specific surface area for carbon dioxide reforming of methane

In this paper, three kinds of MgO with different specific surface area were prepared, and their effects on the catalytic performance of nickel catalysts for the carbon dioxide reforming of methane were investigated. The results showed that MgO support with the higher specific surface area led to the higher dispersion of the active metal, which resulted in the higher initial activity. On the other hand, the specific surface area of MgO materials might not be the dominant factor for the basicity of support to chemisorb and activate CO₂, which was another important factor for the performance of catalysts. Herein, Ni/MgO(CA) catalyst with proper specific surface area and strong ability to activate CO₂ exhibited stable catalytic property and the carbon species deposited on the Ni/MgO(CA) catalyst after 10 h of reaction at 650 °C were mainly activated carbon species.     

Rh doping effect on coking resistance of Ni/SBA-15 catalysts in dry reforming of methane

A series of SBA-15 supported bimetallic Rh–Ni catalysts with different weight ratio of Rh/Ni in the range of 0–0.04 were prepared for carbon dioxide reforming of methane. The doping effect of Rh on catalytic activity as well as carbon accumulation and removal over the catalysts was studied. The characterization results indicated that the addition of a small amount of Rh promoted the reducibility of Ni particles and decreased the Ni particle size. During the dry reforming reaction, the carbon deposition was originated from CH4 decomposition and CO disproportionation. The Rh–Ni catalyst with small metallic particle size inhibited the carbon formation and exhibited high efficiency in the removal of coke. In comparison with bare Ni-based catalyst, the Rh–Ni bimetallic catalysts showed high activity and stability in the dry reforming of methane.     

Ultra-stable Ni catalysts for methane reforming by carbon dioxide

Methane reforming by carbon dioxide has been studied over ultra-stable Ni catalysts. The catalyst was characterized by XRD, IR and TEM and temperature programmed hydrogenation. The nickel–magnesia solid solution catalyst containing low nickel has shown excellent stability (>3000 h) and no carbon deposition in the methane reforming by carbon dioxide. It was also found that the small nickel metal particle interaction with support surface is effective for the inhibition of carbon formation.     

Improved catalytic performance of Ni catalysts for steam methane reforming in a micro-channel reactor

Milliseconds process to produce hydrogen by steam methane reforming （SMR） reaction, based on Ni catalyst rather than noble catalyst such as Pd, Rh or Ru, in micro-channel reactors has been paid more and more attentions in recent years. This work aimed to further improve the catalytic performance of nickel-based catalyst by the introduction of additives, i.e., MgO and FeO, prepared by impregnation method on the micro-channels made of metal-ceramic complex substrate. The prepared catalysts were tested in the same micro-channel reactor by switching the catalyst plates. The results showed that among the tested catalysts Ni-Mg catalyst had the highest activity, especially under harsh conditions, i.e., at high space velocity and/or low reaction temperature. Moreover, the catalyst activity and selectivity were stable during the 12 h on stream test even when the ratio of steam to carbon （SIC） was as low as 1.0. The addition of MgO promoted the active Ni species to have a good dispersion on the substrate, leading to a better catalytic performance for SMR reaction.     

基于改性Ni/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂的电催化甲烷水蒸气重整的研究

提出了电催化作用下甲烷水蒸气催化重整的新工艺。基于工业常规Ni基催化剂,采用等体积浸渍法,以Ni为活性组分,γ-Al_2O_3为载体,MgO、CaO为助剂,制备了Ni/γ-Al_2O_3、Ni-MgO/γ-Al_2O_3和Ni-CaO/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂,考察了电流强度、重整温度、水蒸气与甲烷的物质的量比(水碳比,S/C)对不同催化剂的CH_4转化率、H_2产率、CO选择性和催化剂稳定性的影响。结果表明,电催化工艺有着良好的普适性,电流的引入能够提升CH_4转化率、增加H_2产率,尤其在低温下电流的促进作用显著。在三种催化剂中,Ni-CaO/γ-Al_2O_3催化效果最佳,在电流为4.5 A、S/C为3、重整温度为700℃时,CH_4转化率就高达95%以上。稳定性测试表明,电流的通入还能显著提高催化剂的稳定性,延缓催化剂的积炭失活。通过对催化剂的分析表征,发现电流的通入提升了催化剂中NiO的还原程度,同时抑制了反应过程中NiC_x向石墨炭的转化,从而可延缓催化剂因积炭覆盖反应活性位点而造成的失活。     

镍负载量对Ni/MgO(111)催化甲烷二氧化碳重整反应性能影响

研究了MgO(111)负载镍基催化剂催化甲烷二氧化碳重整反应性能,针对镍负载量对反应活性和稳定性的影响进行了探讨。结果表明,随着镍负载量从2%增加到10%,催化剂的活性和稳定性均有所提高,但是当镍负载量进一步增加到20%时,催化剂的活性和稳定性略有下降。利用透射电子显微镜、X射线衍射和H₂吸附脱附等手段对催化剂结构进行了表征,利用热重分析、拉曼光谱和透射电镜等手段对反应后回收的催化剂进行了表征。研究发现,随着镍负载量的增大,活性金属镍的颗粒粒径呈现增长趋势,并且在反应过程中显示出不同的失活方式。2%Ni/MgO(111)催化剂的失活原因主要以Ni粒子的氧化为主,而负载量大于2%的Ni/MgO(111)催化剂的失活原因则是以积炭为主。     

羟基磷灰石负载Ni催化剂中Ni含量对催化甲烷二氧化碳重整制合成气性能的影响

以低温沉淀方法制备的羟基磷灰石(HAp)为载体,采用浸渍法制备了一系列不同Ni含量的Ni/HAp催化剂,并采用BET、H2-TPR、XRD、SEM、FT-IR、TEM和TG-DTA技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,NiO含量为13%的催化剂表现出最好的催化甲烷二氧化碳重整制合成气活性,在850℃、空速3.6×104mL/(h·gcat)的反应条件下,甲烷和二氧化碳的转化率在10 h内分别稳定在72%和83%。这主要归因于催化剂中金属和载体之间的强相互作用。虽然反应后的催化剂表面有少量的积炭,但这些积炭多以丝状炭存在,并不会影响催化剂的活性和稳定性。     

Ni-based catalysts obtained from perovskites oxides for ethanol steam reforming

Perovskites as host structures of cations were used in order to generate in situ active and stable catalysts for ethanol steam reforming. For this purpose, La_1-xMg_xAl_1-yNi_yO₃ (x = 0.1; y= 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) perovskites were synthetized by the citrate method. Ni segregation is evident for a substitution level higher than 0.2. The segregation of Ni as NiO generated species interacts with different metal-support after the reduction step. The y= 0.1 catalyst presents the highest H₂ yield value about 85% during reaction time, with low mean values of CH₄ and CO selectivities of 3.4% and 11%, respectively and a low carbon formation. The better performance of y= 0.1 catalyst could be attributed to the minor proportion of segregated phases, thus a controlled expulsion of Ni is successfully reached.     

Preparation and application of SBA-15-supported palladium catalyst for Heck reaction in supercritical carbon dioxide

A new method for the preparation of SBA-15-supported palladium catalyst for Heck reaction in supercritical carbon dioxide was presented.The newly formed SBA-15-supported palladium catalyst（Ph-SBA-15-PPh₃-Pd） exhibited high catalytic activity for the Heck reaction of 4-nitrobromobenzene with methyl acrylate.The catalyst can be reused several times without a loss of activity.     

Effect of metal oxides on the reforming of methane with carbon dioxide

The effect of basic and rare earth metal oxides on the stability of nickel-based catalysts for the CO₂ reforming of CH₄ has been studied. The addition of metal oxides increased the stability of Ni-based catalysts and reversed the values of the reaction orders with respect to both CH₄ and CO₂. In the presence of metal oxides, the values of the reaction orders with respect to CO₂ partial pressure followed the same trend of catalyst stability.     

大气压等离子体射流重整CH_4-CO_2制合成气

采用大气压等离子体射流,以CH4和CO2直接作为放电气体进行常压下重整制合成气的实验研究,考察了等离子体射流的放电特征及放电距离、放电功率、原料气配比和流量对反应的影响。结果表明,该等离子体具有放电稳定、均匀的特征。重整反应的主要产物为合成气,只有少量的H2O和积炭生成。优化的反应条件为放电距离为9 mm,CH4和CO2的摩尔比为4/6。当原料气流量为1 000 mL/min,放电功率为88.4 W时,CH4和CO2的最高转化率为分别为94.99%和87.23%。甲烷和二氧化碳的转化率随放电功率的增加而增加,随流量的增加而减少。     

Effects of Ce/Zr ratio on the structure and performances of Co-Ce_（1-x）Zr_xO_2 catalysts for carbon dioxide reforming of methane

The Co-incorporated Ce1-xZrxO2 catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation for carbon dioxide reforming of methane. The ratio of Ce to Zr was varied to optimize the performances of co-precipitated Co-Ce-Zr-Ox catalysts. The prepared catalysts were characterized by various physico-chemical characterization techniques including TPR, X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption at low temperature, XPS and CO2-TPSR. The co-precipitated Co-Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 sample containing 16% CoO exhibited a higher catalytic activity among the five catalysts, and the activity was maintained without significant loss during the reaction for 60 h. Under the conditions of 750 ℃, 0.1 MPa, 36000 ml/(h·g{cat}), and CO2/CH4 molar ratio of 1 : 1, the CO2 conversion over this catalyst was 75% while the CH4 conversion was 67%. The cubic Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 facilitated a higher dispersion and a higher reducibility of the cobalt component, and the apparent activation energy for Co-Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 sample was 49.1 kJ/mol in the CO2/CH4 reforming reaction. As a result, the Co-Ce0.8Zr0.2O2 sample exhibited a higher activity and stability for the reforming of CH4 with CO2.     

Ni/MgO catalyst prepared using atmospheric high-frequency discharge plasma for CO2 reforming of methane

A new type of Ni/MgO catalyst was prepared using atmospheric high-frequency discharge cold plasma. The influences of conventional method, plasma method, and plasma plus calcination method on the catalytic activity were studied and the CO2 reforming of methane was chosen as the probe reaction. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and CO2 temperature-programmed surface reaction techniques. The results suggested that the nickel-based catalyst prepared by plasma plus calcination method possessed a smaller particle size and a higher dispersion of active component, better low-temperature activity and enhanced anti-coking ability. The conversion of CO2 and CH4 was 90.70% and 89.37%, respectively, and the reaction lasted for 36 h without obvious deactivation under 101.325 kPa and 750°C with CO2/CH4 = 1/1.     

大气压等离子体射流重整CH4-CO2制合成气

采用大气压等离子体射流,以CH₄和CO^₂直接作为放电气体进行常压下重整制合成气的实验研究,考察了等离子体射流的放电特征及放电距离、放电功率、原料气配比和流量对反应的影响。结果表明,该等离子体具有放电稳定、均匀的特征。重整反应的主要产物为合成气,只有少量的H₂O和积炭生成。优化的反应条件为放电距离为9mm,CH₄和CO₂的摩尔比为4/6。当原料气流量为1000mL/min,放电功率为88.4W时,CH4和CO₂的最高转化率为分别为94.99%和87.23%。甲烷和二氧化碳的转化率随放电功率的增加而增加,随流量的增加而减少。