Electric field strength at and near the cathode edge in a magnetically insulated coaxial diode

For an annular cathode in a coaxial diode it has been shown that the averaged electric field strength at the end face of the cathode, E_n, depends on the edge thickness h as

Spectroscopic studies of YAG:Sm3+ crystals

Optical properties of the Sm³⁺ ion in YAG crystals have been investigated, in particular:

The physics and mathematics of the second law of thermodynamics

     

4.

CO₂ laser-microwave double resonance and stark lamb-dip spectroscopy of the ν₅ band of CDF₃     

Kensuke Harada  Makoto Hatanaka  Akira Inayoshi  Keiichi Tanaka  Takehiko Tanaka 《Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy》1984,108(2):249-263

The LMDR (laser-microwave double resonance) spectroscopy with an intense electric field was applied to the ν₅ (CF₃ degenerate stretch) fundamental band of CDF₃. The dipole moments and polarizability anisotropies in the ground and ν₅ vibrational states were determined as follows.

CO2 laser-microwave double resonance and stark lamb-dip spectroscopy of the ν5 band of CDF3

The LMDR (laser-microwave double resonance) spectroscopy with an intense electric field was applied to the ν₅ (CF₃ degenerate stretch) fundamental band of CDF₃. The dipole moments and polarizability anisotropies in the ground and ν₅ vibrational states were determined as follows.

Quantum Out-States Holographically Induced by Asymptotic Flatness: Invariance under Spacetime Symmetries, Energy Positivity and Hadamard Property

This paper continues the analysis of the quantum states introduced in previous works and determined by the universal asymptotic structure of four-dimensional asymptotically flat vacuum spacetimes at null infinity M. It is now focused on the quantum state λ _M , of a massless conformally coupled scalar field propagating in M. λ _M is “holographically” induced in the bulk by the universal BMS-invariant state λ defined on the future null infinity of M. It is done by means of the correspondence between observables in the bulk and those on the boundary at future null infinity discussed in previous papers. This induction is possible when some requirements are fulfilled, in particular whenever the spacetime M and the associated unphysical one, M͂, are globally hyperbolic and M admits future time infinity i ⁺. λ _M coincides with Minkowski vacuum if M is Minkowski spacetime. It is now proved that, in the general case of a curved spacetime M, the state λ _M enjoys the following further remarkable properties:

Traveling waves in twisted nematic liquid crystal cells

We have described a novel reorientation mechanism in the form of the traveling waves, under influence of an external electric field, directed parallel to both glass plates, which occur in the twisted nematic cell (TNC). It is found that the slowest velocity of the traveling front is proportional to the field strength, and, approximately, in three times higher than the front velocity corresponding to the non-traveling solution. The value of the critical electric field Ecr$E_{\mathrm{cr}}$ which may excite the traveling waves in the TNC in π   times less than the value of the threshold electric field Eth$E_{\mathrm{th}}$ corresponding to the untwisted geometry.     

Nuclear physics with hyperfine methods

In this talk the discussion of nuclear physics studied by hyperfine methods is limited to a few topics of high actuality:

Semiclassical Dynamics¶with Exponentially Small Error Estimates

We construct approximate solutions to the time–dependent Schr?dinger?equation

CO laser-microwave double-resonance spectroscopy of H2CO with intense Stark field: Precise measurement of dipole moment in the ground and ν2 vibrational states

Stark-shifted microwave transitions in the ground and ν₂ vibrational states of H₂CO were observed by means of CO laser-microwave double-resonance with intense electric field. High sensitivity and precision were attained by the use of multireflection absorption cell, optical-flat Stark plates, and microwave frequency stabilization. Dipole moments determined from some individual rotational transitions in the ground and ν₂ vibrational states are, in Debye, with uncertainties in parentheses,

     

10.

Radiation of superluminal irregularities artificially created in the lower ionosphere     

L. F. Mironenko  V. O. Rapoport  S. N. Mityakov  D. S. Kotik 《Radiophysics and Quantum Electronics》1998,41(3):196-205

We present the results of numerical simulation and physical experiments to verify the possibility of generating a virtual superluminal VLF source by HF ionospheric heating with a scanning beam. The detection of VLF emission was carried out for the source created in two ways:

Transition		G.S.		$\text{ν}{}_2$		δμ
110 ← 111		2.3315 (1)		2.3472 (1)		0.0157 (1)
211 ← 212		2.3313 (1)		2.3471 (1)		0.0158 (1)
312 ← 313		2.3313 (1)		2.3470 (1)		0.0157 (1)
826 ← 827		2.3311 (1)		2.3466 (1)		0.0155 (1)
927 ← 928		—		2.3466 (1)		—

–	- by scanning the HF beam in opposite directions with different velocities and
–	- by amplitude modulation of a stationary HF beam.

The amplitude-frequency characteristics of signals obtained in the experiments show the possibility of radiation pattern control of the VLF emission excited by a scanning HF beam. Radiophysical Research Institute, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 298–312, March, 1998.     

Radiation of superluminal irregularities artificially created in the lower ionosphere

We present the results of numerical simulation and physical experiments to verify the possibility of generating a virtual superluminal VLF source by HF ionospheric heating with a scanning beam. The detection of VLF emission was carried out for the source created in two ways:

Secondary-ion emission of amino acids

Secondary-ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) is a hydrogen, isotope and compound sensitive analytical technique of extremely high absolute sensitivity. Continuing earlier measurements for carboxylic acids, adsorbed alcohols etc., we have carried out a systematical investigation of secondary-ion emission from metal-supported amino acids, containing various functional groups (e.g., alanine, phenylalanine, cysteine, arginine). In order to avoid damage effects we applied extremely small primary-ion current densities in the 10⁻⁹ A·cm⁻² range. The main results of our investigations can be summarized as follows:

Good practice in the use of noise mapping software

After over 20 years of development, noise mapping software is, today, a professional tool that is widely used by many people with different backgrounds and experience in the applications, the data and the software used. The user has the possibility to influence the quality of the result of the noise mapping process. The major factors affecting good practice include:

• • 

  the user’s knowledge of the standard,

• • 

  the user’s knowledge of the software,

• • 

  documentation of software functions and its implementation of the standard,

• • 

  quality assurance of software implementation,

• • 

  documentation of software settings in calculation results,

• • 

  the user’s analysis of the quality and impact of the input data.

Several methods are available to ensure good practice and improve the quality of output through such methods as standardization and documentation, training and user certification. For example, in 2006, the European Commission Working Group Assessment of Exposure to Noise produced the “Good Practice Guide for Strategic Noise Mapping and the Production of Associated Data on Noise Exposure” Version 2.This article will describe the major factors where user influences the quality of the results and the methods to ensure good practice and improving the quality of output.     

The electric dipole moment of the hydrogen-bonded heterodimer HCN⋯HF. An investigation of the conditions leading to inadequacy of the second- and fourth-order perturbation theories of the Stark effect for linear molecules

We have detected large deviations of the M_J = 0, J = 2 ← 1 Stark effect transition in the linear molecule HCN?HF from predictions of second-, and even fourth-, order perturbation theory. In order to account satisfactorily for the observed effect it has been necessary to set up and diagonalize the appropriate energy matrix. Smaller deviations in the case of M_J = 1, J = 2 ← 1 have likewise been treated. The values of the electric dipole moment for HCN?HF calculated from these transitions, which show large and small deviations from second-order theory, and from one (M_J = 3, J = 4 ← 3) which shows effectively zero deviation, are now consistent and are as follows:

     

14.

CO₂ and N₂O laser Stark spectroscopy of the ν₁ band of the ClO₂ radical     

Keiichi Tanaka  Takehiko Tanaka 《Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy》1983,98(2):425-452

The ν₁ fundamental band of the ClO₂ radical has been studied by means of the 10.6-μm CO₂ and N₂O laser Stark spectroscopy. More than 250 and 150 Stark resonances were assigned for the ³⁵ClO₂ and ³⁷ClO₂ species, respectively, and were analyzed together with the recent microwave and laser-microwave double resonance results to give molecular constants including spin-rotation interaction constants. The ν₁ band origins and electric dipole moments both in the ground and ν₁ states were determined accurately

$\text{J + 1 ← J}$	$\text{M}{}_{\mathrm{J}}$		μ/D
2 ← 1	0		5.627
	1		5.601
4 ← 3	3		5.608
		Mean	5.612

     

15.

On the Rate of Convergence to Equilibrium of the Andersen Thermostat in Molecular Dynamics     

Dong Li 《Journal of statistical physics》2007,129(2):265-287

It has been shown in E and Li (Comm. Pure. Appl. Math., 2007, in press) that the Andersen dynamics is uniformly ergodic. Exponential convergence to the invariant measure is established with an error bound of the form

		35ClO2		37ClO2
$\text{ν}{}_0$		945.592 357(60)		939.602 909(66)		cm?1
μ′		1.788 39(13)		1.788 46(15)		D
μ″		1.791 95(10)		1.792 10(13)		D
δμ		?0.003 56(18)		?0.003 64(26)		D

where N is the number of particles, ν is the collision frequency and κ(ν)→const as ν→0. In this article we study the dependence on ν of the rate of convergence to equilibrium. In the one dimension and one particle case, we improve the error bound to be In the d-dimension N-particle free-streaming case, it is proved that the optimal error bound is It is also shown that as ν→∞, on the diffusive time scale, the Andersen dynamics converges to a Smoluchowski equation.     

CO2 and N2O laser Stark spectroscopy of the ν1 band of the ClO2 radical

The ν₁ fundamental band of the ClO₂ radical has been studied by means of the 10.6-μm CO₂ and N₂O laser Stark spectroscopy. More than 250 and 150 Stark resonances were assigned for the ³⁵ClO₂ and ³⁷ClO₂ species, respectively, and were analyzed together with the recent microwave and laser-microwave double resonance results to give molecular constants including spin-rotation interaction constants. The ν₁ band origins and electric dipole moments both in the ground and ν₁ states were determined accurately

On the Rate of Convergence to Equilibrium of the Andersen Thermostat in Molecular Dynamics

It has been shown in E and Li (Comm. Pure. Appl. Math., 2007, in press) that the Andersen dynamics is uniformly ergodic. Exponential convergence to the invariant measure is established with an error bound of the form

A Numerical Approach to Copolymers at Selective Interfaces

We consider a model of a random copolymer at a selective interface which undergoes a localization/delocalization transition. In spite of the several rigorous results available for this model, the theoretical characterization of the phase transition has remained elusive and there is still no agreement about several important issues, for example the behavior of the polymer near the phase transition line. From a rigorous viewpoint non coinciding upper and lower bounds on the critical line are known. In this paper we combine numerical computations with rigorous arguments to get to a better understanding of the phase diagram. Our main results include:

Further Results on the Smoothability of Cauchy Hypersurfaces and Cauchy Time Functions

Recently, folk questions on the smoothability of Cauchy hypersurfaces and time functions of a globally hyperbolic spacetime M, have been solved. Here we give further results, applicable to several problems:

On the construction of monopoles for the classical groups

ForG a classical group, an equivalence is exhibited between:

DC-60 heavy ion cyclotron complex: The first beams and project parameters

The construction of the DC-60 Heavy Ion Cyclotron for the Interdisciplinary Scientific Research Complex (ISRC) in Astana started in early 2004. The cyclotron was manufactured and tested at the Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (FLNR) in Dubna. The main units were delivered to Astana and assembled in the ISRC building in the summer of 2006. The cyclotron was turned on in September, 2006. The first heavy ion beams in the whole A/Z and energy ranges were accelerated and extracted in December, 2006. The complex, based on the DC-60 cyclotron, is intended for applied and fundamental research using accelerated heavy ion beams ranging from Carbon to Xenon with energies in the range of 0.34–1.77 MeV/nucleon, as well as for experiments on the channel of low energy ion beams, where the ion extraction voltage supplied by the ECR source reaches 25 kV. The energy variation of the accelerated ions is accomplished by changing the ion charge. The possibility of smoothly tuning the ion energy by ±30% of its nominal value can be seen by changing the cyclotron magnetic field. Within the framework of commissioning the DC-60 cyclotron, a number of experiments were carried out with accelerating charged particle beams in the main points of the working diagram