石蒜碱的全合成及结构修饰研究进展

石蒜碱是石蒜科生物碱中非常重要的一类异喹啉生物碱衍生物,近年来药物及有机化学工作者发现石蒜碱及其衍生物具有抗肿瘤、抗炎、抑制乙酰胆碱酯酶、抗疟疾、保护心血管等多种作用,由于其复杂而独特的分子结构和广泛的药理活性使得科研工作者们进行了大量的全合成尝试及结构修饰等研究.作者对石蒜碱的全合成及其结构修饰进行了综述.     

有毒生物碱性质与分析

本文对近期以英文发表的有关人体生物样本中有毒生物碱分析的文章进行了综述,对经常引起死亡和中毒的有毒生物碱,如乌头碱、毒芹碱、秋水仙碱、金雀花碱、二甲基色胺、骆驼蓬碱、二氢骆驼蓬碱、伊波加因、醉椒、麦司卡林、东莨菪碱以及紫杉碱等的中毒症状以及生物样本中这些毒物成分的检测方法作了综合介绍,可以帮助我们从中更全面地了解国际范围内有毒生物碱的中毒与分析现状。     

反萃分散液膜分离提取黄连中生物碱研究

黄连是一种常用的中草药,具有清热燥湿、泻火解毒之功效,其主要的活性成分为多种异喹啉生物碱,包括药根碱、巴马汀、小檗碱等,这些生物碱具有抗菌、消炎和抗肿瘤等作用~([1～2]).因此,从黄连中提取这些生物碱具有重要意义.     

簿层光密度法分析胡蔓藤中生物碱

胡蔓藤(Gelsemium elegans banth.)属马钱科Loganiaceae胡蔓藤属植物,又名钩吻,断肠草等,药用其根、叶或全草。有大毒,多作外用,祛风止痛,消肿拔毒。 为了探讨胡蔓藤生物碱的药用价值,充分利用资源,进一步了解胡蔓藤全草中各部位生物碱的组成及其毒性,以便控制质量及保证用药安全,我们对胡蔓藤全草进行了有关化学方面的研究。采用薄层光密度法扫描测定胡蔓藤中生物碱甲,碱乙,碱丙,绿碱,碱子及素甲等六种生物碱的方法,并对全草进行了分析。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定尿样中4种痕量的乌头类生物碱

建立了超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)结合中空纤维微萃取(HF-LPME)同时检测尿样中痕量的乌头碱、次乌头碱、新乌头碱和滇乌头碱等4种生物碱的方法。采用HF-LPME对尿样进行提取、纯化和富集,富集倍数达102～301。同时采用电喷雾电离(ESI)、多反应监测(MRM)进行含量测定,显著提高了尿液中乌头类生物碱的检测灵敏度,4种乌头类生物碱的定量限达到0.01～0.1 ng/L,可大大延长中毒患者尿样中乌头类生物碱的检测时间窗。方法验证结果表明,尿液中乌头碱、新乌头碱和滇乌头碱在0.01～10 ng/L、次乌头碱在0.1～100 ng/L范围内线性关系良好,提取回收率为80.2%～109%,相对标准偏差小于4.6%。该方法适用于乌头类生物碱中毒案件的检测,为痕量乌头类生物碱分析提供了灵敏的分析方法。     

小檗碱衍生物合成及生理活性研究进展

小檗碱是一种季铵型异喹啉生物碱,主要存在于毛茛科、芸香科和小檗科等植物中,具有多种药理功能.近年来,大量小檗碱衍生物的合成,极大提高了小檗碱的生理活性及拓展了小檗碱的应用范围.文章重点综述了小檗碱及其衍生物的生物及化学合成,简述了其生理活性,并对新型小檗碱衍生物合成的设计方向作了展望.     

离心超滤质谱筛选川乌中与人血清白蛋白相互作用的乌头类生物碱

采用离心超滤质谱技术从川乌总生物碱提取物中筛选与人血清白蛋白相互作用的乌头类生物碱成分,并用LC-MSn技术对筛选出的活性成分进行了分离鉴定.结果表明,从川乌总生物碱中筛选并鉴定出9种与人血清白蛋白存在相互作用的乌头类生物碱:苯甲酰新乌头原碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、10-OH-中乌头碱、中乌头碱、10-OH-乌头碱、乌头碱、次乌头碱、脱氧乌头碱和3,13-脱氧乌头碱.     

柱切换液相色谱法快速定量检测参附注射液中乌头碱类生物碱和人参皂苷

利用柱切换液相色谱,建立了参附注射液中苯甲酰新乌头原碱、苯甲酰乌头原碱、苯甲酰次乌头原碱、新乌头碱、次乌头碱和乌头碱6种乌头碱类生物碱,以及Rg1、Re、Rf、Rb1、Rc、Ro、Rb2、Rb3、Rd 9种人参皂苷的分析方法。首先利用强阳离子交换的在线固相小柱选择性富集和净化样品中生物碱类成分,优化了色谱条件;并采用EC－C18柱作为人参皂苷的分析柱,通过优化实验条件,结合柱切换方式,去除了样品中辅料等大极性基质成分对色谱柱的污染,实现了生物碱分析和人参皂苷分析的自动切换。结果显示,样品中的生物碱和人参皂苷分离良好,线性相关系数（r2）均大于0.999,连续进样精密度的相对标准偏差（RSD） < 2.0%,重复性的RSD < 2.0%;其中6种生物碱的平均回收率为95.1%～98.6%,检出限为4.0～8.2 ng/mL;9种人参皂苷的平均回收率为91.7%～104%。所构建的基于柱切换液相色谱技术的在线固相萃取方法能够有效去除样品中的基质干扰,快速完成参附注射液中3种单酯型生物碱和9种人参皂苷的快速定量,同时也可对3种双酯型生物碱进行限量检测,可应用于药物的质量评价。     

复方中药四逆汤中乌头碱类二萜生物碱的电喷雾串联质谱研究

利用电喷雾串联质谱方法不经柱分离而直接分析复方中药四逆汤中二萜生物碱的组成,乌头碱类二萜生物碱在质谱条件下形成质子化分子,一种生物碱对应一个分子离子峰.检测到了苯甲酰单酯型、双酯型和脂类生物碱等18种二萜生物碱,其中苯甲酰中乌头原碱等单酯型生物碱是四逆汤中的主要生物碱成分.     

一种去掉白屈菜中白屈菜碱的分离方法

白屈菜草药分别用甲醇和丙酮做提取液,于索氏提取器中提取。提取物经GC/MS分析,结果显示,甲醇提取物中鉴定出的生物碱有原阿片碱、人血草碱、二氢血根碱、白屈菜赤碱和血根碱,没有白屈菜碱。丙酮提取物中鉴定出的生物碱只检测到了白屈菜碱,没有检测到其它生物碱。本文为提取或去掉白屈菜中白屈菜碱,提供了一种分离方法。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。