新型含季铵基腈纶纤维的制备

以商品级腈纶为基体,二甲氨基丙胺(Ⅰ)为胺化剂,经胺化反应制得含叔胺基的腈纶纤维(1)。以溴辛烷(Ⅱ)为季铵化试剂对1进行季铵化改性,制得新型的含季铵基的腈纶纤维(2),其结构经IR和EDS表征。较佳的胺化反应条件为:以乙二醇为溶剂,Ⅰ的体积分数为30%,于118℃反应3 h。较佳的季铵化反应条件为:以乙醇为溶剂,Ⅱ.的体积分数为10%,于70℃反应6 h。     

2-甲基-6-溴苯并碲唑及其衍生菁染料的合成

以对溴苯胺为原料,经汞化、酰化,再与四氯化碲发生亲电取代反应生成2-乙酰氨基-5-溴苯基三氯化碲(内盐);后者以硼氢化钠还原、浓盐酸关环,用碳酸氢钠中和后即得关键中间体2-甲基-6-溴苯并碲唑。苯并碲唑经碘甲烷或碘乙烷季铵化后,用原甲酸三乙酯缩合制得相应的对称染料2,2'-二甲基-5,5'-二溴碲碳菁碘盐和2,2'-二乙基-5,5'-二溴碲碳菁碘盐。测定了它们的可见吸收光谱。     

相转移催化法合成RAFT试剂

以苯为有机相,季铵盐为相转移催化剂,二硫代苯甲酸溴化镁分别与溴化苄、2-溴丁酸-2’-羟基乙酯及α-溴乙基苯反应,合成了三种不同结构的RAFT试剂——二硫代苯甲酸酯(3a～3c),收率82.7%～85.5%,其结构经1H NMR和IR确证。     

三聚阳离子表面活性剂的合成

以甲胺盐酸盐和溴代烷为原料,通过季铵化反应合成了系列新型三聚阳离子表面活性剂12-n-12-n-12·3Br-(n=3,4,6),其结构经1H NMR,IR和元素分析表征.     

双甲苯氧基烷烃双季铵盐

鄰、间及对甲苯酚分别以氢氧化钾或乙醇钠中和后,再与α,ω-二溴烷烃作用,生成各种相应双(甲苯氧基)烷烃(Ⅲ)。后者在四氯化碳溶液中用 N-溴代丁二酰亚胺溴化,变为双(溴甲基苯氧基)烷烃(Ⅳ)。这些溴甲基取代物与三甲胺在乙醇中缩合,生成二溴化双(甲苯氧基)烷烃双三甲基季铵(Ⅴ)。药理试验找到这些制成的季铵盐具有强弱不等的神经肌阻断作用,其中二溴化双(鄰甲苯氧基)乙烷双三甲基季铵(Vi)具有南美防己碱样的作用,尤其值得注意。双(对甲苯氧基)乙烷及双(对甲苯氧基)丁烷在氯仿中用 N-溴代丁二酰亚胺溴化时,产生苯核上溴化的产物。双(鄰甲苯氧基)乙烷虽在四氯化碳中溴化,也产生苯核溴代化合物。这些核代产物也经用相应溴代苯酚与二卥代烷烃缩合制成,以证明其结构。     

新型溴化烷基取代吡啶类季铵盐的合成

以烟酰胺(1)为原料,分别与1-溴代辛烷(2a)和1-溴代癸烷经烷基化反应合成了两个新型的溴化烷基取代吡啶类季铵盐(3a和3b),其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,IR和HR-MS(MALDI)表征。在最佳反应条件[乙醇为溶剂,1 10 mmol,n(2a)∶n(1)=1.2,于78℃反应4 h]下,3a收率69%。     

强碱阴离子交换树脂合成及热稳定性能研究

氯甲基化聚苯乙烯树脂与不同的叔胺反应制备了含不同季铵基团的强碱树脂.将氯甲基化聚苯乙烯树脂进行硝化、溴化反应后,再用三甲胺进行季铵化制备了苯环上含有吸电子基团的强碱树脂,测定了所制备树脂在水中的热稳定性.结果表明,位阻较大的季铵表现出较高的热稳定性;硝化、溴化后的树脂热稳定性有一定改善;而热重分析表明苯环上引入吸电子取代基不利于提高碱基在高温下的稳定性.     

2—甲基—6—溴苯并碲唑及其衍生菁染料的合成

以对溴苯胺为原料，经汞化、酰化，再与四氯化碲发生亲电取代反应生成２－乙酰氨基－５－溴苯基三氯化碲（内盐）；后者以硼氢化钠还原、浓盐酸关环，用碳酸氢钠中和后即得关键中间体２－甲基－６－溴苯并碲唑，苯并碲唑经碘甲烷或碘乙烷季铵化后，用原甲酸三乙酯缩合制得相应的对称染料２，２’－二甲基－５，５’－二溴碲碳菁碘盐和２，２’－二乙基－５，５’－二溴碲碳菁磺盐，屯它们的可见吸收光谱。     

丙烯酸酯型季铵盐共聚物薄膜的制备及表征

通过将丙烯酸丁酯(BA)和甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯(DMAEMA)共聚得到聚(丙烯酸丁酯-co-甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯)(P(BA-co-DMAEMA));再分别以溴丁烷(BB)、溴己烷(HB)及溴辛烷(OB)对其进行季铵化改性,得到侧基带不同长度烷烃链的3组季铵盐共聚物P(BA-co-DMAEMA)-R(R:BB、HB...     

溴化四丁铵催化苯乙烯一步合成苯乙烯环状碳酸酯

以溴化季铵盐为催化剂, 通过苯乙烯的环氧化和CO2的加成反应一步直接合成出苯乙烯环状碳酸酯, 详细考察了催化剂的用量、氧化剂的种类、反应温度、反应时间和CO2压力等因素对反应主产物收率的影响. 结果表明, 以溴化四丁铵为催化剂, 于80 ℃和1 MPa CO2下反应6 h, 环状碳酸酯的收率达到38%, 这是季铵盐阳离子和亲核性阴离子协同催化的结果.     

Preparation and properties of polyurethane networks based on α,ω-difunctional poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide)

Poly(hexafluoropropylene oxide), poly(HFPO), networks were prepared from functional polymers by end linking via urethane groups. The prepolymers were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and GPC. The networks were characterized by determination of the number of network chains from the shear modulus, and were snown to contain both trifunctional crosslinks and difunctional links. The properties of the networks were investigated by a range of techniques. Compared with fully-fluorinated networks formed via triazine cross-links, investigated previously, the urethane-linked networks were more readily prepared but were poorer elastomers, were less thermally stable, and were less resistant to swelling by common polar solvents. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

南瓜籽烘烤前后化学成分的分析

对烘烤前后南瓜籽中的化学成分进行分析并对比。采用同时蒸馏萃取装置萃取南瓜籽中的挥发性成分,采取超临界CO2萃取技术萃取南瓜籽油脂,并将其分为酸、碱、中性三个部分,用气相色谱-质谱联用方法分析其中化学成分并进行对比。结果表明,南瓜籽挥发性成分中含有多种醛类和酯类化合物,烘烤后产生了大量的烷基吡嗪,其在碱性部分中的相对含量比烘烤前提高14倍多,不饱和醛类化合物含量也有明显提高。南瓜籽油脂中的主要化学成分是油酸、亚油酸及其酯类。还含有生物活性功能成分如植物甾醇、角鲨烯和维生素E等。烘烤后除角鲨烯含量有所降低,维生素E、植物甾醇、亚麻酸等均有提高。     

云南菊科中草药中铅含量特征分析

论述了云南２７种菊科中草药及其水提取物中铅含量的特征。菊科植物及水提物中铅含量的频数分布为正偏态,两者的相关系数ｒ＝０．０９,未呈现显著的线性相关。提取率较高的山紫苑、佩兰、木香铅实际含量低;铅含量高的叶下花、狭叶兔耳风、臭灵丹提取率又较低,减少了人体对Ｐｂ的过量摄入。     

幼儿身高、体重和头发、血液锌铅含量关系的研究

同步检测了151例3-4岁健康幼儿的身高、体重以及头和全血中的锌、铅含量。研究了身高、体重和锌、铅含量的关系,指出无论是发锌或血锌含量与身高、体重多数呈正相关,但发铅与身高、体重主要呈负相关,血铅与身高、体重的关系较为复杂,多为非线性的二次函数关系。     

碳苷研究 V: 用Grignard试剂合成取代苯酚中酚羟基的保护及脱保护

本文报道了一些取代苯酚的合成, 并探讨了用Grignard试剂合成取代苯酚中酚羟基的保护及脱保护的问题. 利用苄基和甲基作为酚羟基的保护基, 对文献报道的切断醚键脱保护方法进行了评价. 找到了两种新体系能在更温和条件下切断醚键的方法, 指出了它们的适用条件. 实验结果符合硬软酸碱理论.     

膜催化研究II. 多孔无要膜的制备与表征及其反应器对甲醇脱氢反应的促进作用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了多孔氧化铝膜, 并通过DSC、TGA、SEM、N~2吸附和气体透过率测定等手段, 对膜的性能进行了表征。结果表明, 用这种方法制备的多孔氧化铝膜是一种均匀无裂痕和具有较窄孔径分布(约4nm)的膜材料。将此多孔氧化铝膜制成膜反应器后, 用于甲醇催化脱氢制甲醛的反应, 发现甲醇转化率比常规反应器有较大幅度的提高。同时首次尝试采用溶胶-凝胶法将催化活性组分直接负载到多孔氧化铝膜上, 从而得到了一种具有催化活性的多孔膜, 并考察了它的反应活性。文中对由这两种多孔膜及钯/陶瓷复合膜制成的反应器的特点进行了比较。     

Determination of Geosmin and 2-Methylisoborneol in Water by Headspace Liquid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Geosmin (GSM) and 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) were extracted from water samples, adsorbed in organic solvent microdrop by headspace liquid-phase microextraction (HS-LPME), and were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Influence factors such as the extraction solvent types, headspace and microdrop volumes, stirring rate, equilibrium and extraction time, and ionic strength for HS-LPME efficiency were thoroughly evaluated. Under optimized extraction and detection conditions, the calibration curves of GSM and MIB were linear in the range of 5–1000 ng/L. The detection limits of GSM and MIB were 1.1 and 1.0 ng/L, respectively. Average recoveries of 95.45–113.7% (n = 5) were obtained and method precisions were also satisfactory. Trace levels of the off-flavor compounds at ng/L in tap water and raw water were successfully quantified.     

玩具、铅笔中可溶性砷、锑、硒的形态分析

对玩具、铅笔中可溶性砷、锑、硒的形态分析方法进行了研究,对原子荧光光谱法测定不同价态砷、锑、硒的方法进行了优化,建立了砷、锑、硒的原子荧光光谱形态分析方法。该方法样品加标回收率为82.0%~110.0%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.35%~2.22%(n=10)。     

FT-IR, FT-Raman spectra, density functional computations of the vibrational spectra and molecular geometry of biomolecule 5-aminouracil

FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of the biomolecule 5-aminouracil were recorded in the regions 400–4000 cm⁻¹ and 10–3500 cm⁻¹, respectively. The observed vibrational wavenumbers were analyzed and assigned to different normal modes of vibration of the molecule. Density functional calculations were performed to support wavenumber assignments of the observed bands. A comparison with the molecule of uracil was made, and specific scale factors were employed in the predicted wavenumbers of 5-aminouracil. With the purpose of study the important molecule 5-aminouracil, its equilibrium geometry and harmonic wavenumbers were calculated for the first time by the B3LYP DFT method. The vibrational wavenumbers were compared with IR and Raman experimental data. Also good reproduction of the experimental wavenumbers is obtained and the % error is very small. All the tautomeric forms of 5-aminouracil were determined and optimized. The dimer forms were also simulated. The energy, atomic charges and dipole moments were discussed and several general conclusions were underlined.     

原子吸收光谱法测定水生生物体内铜、锌、镍、铬、铅、镉

用硝酸-高氯酸体系消解螺蛳和水葫芦样品,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铜、锌、镍、铬,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定铅、镉。铜、锌、镍、铬、铅、镉的检出限分别为0.328、0.126、0.271、0.416、0.006 64、0.001 15 mg/kg,线性相关系数不小于0.999 0,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.1%~3.7%,加标回收率为86.0%~94.2%。