激光促进锂铋磷酸盐表面异丁烷选择氧化反应

用共沉淀法制备了5％Li3PO4•BiPO4固体材料.运用XRD、IR、TPD和LSSR技术研究了其晶体结构、表面构造、化学吸附特性和激光促进异丁烷选择氧化表面反应性能.结果表明,复合盐的主体晶相为简单单斜晶型的BiPO4,Li3PO4以分子分散态掺杂主体相中;其表面存在Lewis碱位P=O和P－O－Bi键中的O2－及Lewis酸位Bi3＋和Li＋;异丁烷的两个甲基中的H分别吸附在两个相邻的Lewis碱位P=O上,形成双位分子吸附态;在常压和200℃下,用一定频率的激光激发P=O键1000次,异丁烷的转化率为11.3％,甲基丙烯酸的选择性为72％.根据实验结果,探讨了激光促进异丁烷选择氧化为MAA的表面反应机理.     

饿钼复合氧化物表面上激光促进异丁烷选择氧化制甲基丙烯酸

用共沉淀法制备了Bi和Mo的复合氧化物固体材料,运用XRD,IR,TPD和激光促进表面反应（LSSR）技术研究了其晶体结构、表面构造、化学吸附特性和激光促进异丁烷选择氧化反应性能,结果表明：Bi-Mo-O复合氧化物含有α-Bi2Mo3O12和少量γ-Bi2MoO6晶相;其表面上存在着Lewis碱位（Mo=O和Mo-O-Bi键中的O)及Lewis酸位（Bi^3 );异丁烷的两个甲基H分别吸附在两个相邻的Lewis碱位Mo=O上,形成双位分子吸附态;在常压和200℃条件下,用一定的激光激发Mo=O键1000次,异丁烷的转化率可达11.2％,其反应产物是异丁烯、甲基丙烯醛和甲基丙烯酸,其中甲基丙烯酸的选择性为90％,根据实验结果,探讨了激光促进异丁烷选择氧化为甲基丙烯酸的表面反应机理。     

铋钼复合氧化物表面上激光促进异丁烷选择氧化制甲基丙烯酸

 用共沉淀法制备了Bi和Mo的复合氧化物固体材料．运用XRD,IR,TPD和激光促进表面反应（LSSR）技术研究了其晶体结构、表面构造、化学吸附特性和激光促进异丁烷选择氧化反应性能．结果表明：Bi－Mo－O复合氧化物含有α－Bi2Mo3O12和少量γ－Bi2MoO6晶相;其表面上存在着Lewis碱位（MoO和Mo—O—Bi键中的O）及Lewis酸位（Bi3＋）;异丁烷的两个甲基H分别吸附在两个相邻的Lewis碱位MoO上,形成双位分子吸附态;在常压和200℃条件下,用一定频率的激光激发MoO键1000次,异丁烷的转化率可达11．2％,其反应产物是异丁烯、甲基丙烯醛和甲基丙烯酸,其中甲基丙烯酸的选择性为90％．根据实验结果,探讨了激光促进异丁烷选择氧化为甲基丙烯酸的表面反应机理．     

激光促进异丁烷选择氧化制甲基丙烯酸

用共沉淀法制备了Fe和Mo的复合氧化物.运用XRD、 IR、 TPD和LSSR技术研究了其晶体结构、表面构造、化学吸附特性和激光促进异丁烷选择氧化反应性能.结果表明: Fe-Mo-O的主体物相为Fe2(MoO4)3,并有少量的MoO3相;其表面上存在Lewis碱位(Mo=O和Mo-O-Fe键中的O)及Lewis酸位Fe3+;异丁烷的两个甲基H分别吸附在两个相邻的Lewis碱位(Mo=O)上形成双位分子吸附态;在常压和200℃条件下,用一定频率的激光激发Mo=O键1000次,异丁烷的转化率为5.8%,其反应产物是异丁烯、甲基丙烯醛和甲基丙烯酸,其中甲基丙烯酸的选择性为80%.根据实验结果,探讨了激光促进异丁烷选择氧化为甲基丙烯酸的表面反应机理.     

V2O5/SiO2催化剂的异丁烷选择氧化反应性能

 采用溶胶－凝胶法和浸渍法制备了V2O5／SiO2催化剂,并用XRD,IR,TPD和活性评价等手段对催化剂的表面构造、化学吸附性能和异丁烷选择氧化反应性能进行了研究．结果表明：催化剂表面由Lewis碱位V＝O双键的端氧和Lewis酸位V5＋构成,异丁烷分子主要通过甲基中的H双位吸附在催化剂表面的Lewis碱位上,异丁烯分子可通过甲基的H吸附在催化剂表面的Lewis碱位,也可通过C＝C双键吸附在催化剂表面的Lewis酸位上．在常压条件下,异丁烷选择氧化产物主要有异丁烯、甲基丙烯醛和甲基丙烯酸,其中深度氧化产物CO2主要由通过C＝C吸附的异丁烯继续反应生成．     

激光促进乙烯在硫酸镍上表面反应

制备了硫酸镍固体材料.采用红外光谱(IR)、程序升温脱附(TPD)和激光促进表面反应(LSSR)技术,研究了乙烯在NiSO4表面上的化学吸附态和激光促进C2H4表面反应性能.实验结果表明,C2H4以H原子与固体材料表面Lewis碱位(S=O键中的端氧)作用,形成分子吸附态.在常压和100 ℃条件下,用1079 cm－1激光激发吸附有C2H4分子中H的S=O键100次, C2H4转化率可达15％,生成丁二烯的选择性为100％.根据表征和反应结果,讨论了C2H4在NiSO4上的LSSR机理和影响LSSR性能的因素.     

BSA与羟磷灰石相互吸附的FTIR-ATR光谱

采用傅里叶变换红外衰减全反射(FTIR-ATR)光谱法对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)在羟磷灰石(HA)[Ca₁₀(OH)₂(PO₄)₆]表面不同时间的相互吸附作用进行了表征。在BSA溶液作用下,羟磷灰石表面的Ca²⁺、PO₄^3-和OH^-离子初始的溶解和再沉淀使得BSA与HA相互作用层层叠加,在HA表面形成从表层到次表层分子都包含有吸附的BSA的覆盖层,从而加深两者之间的相互作用。经红外差谱法处理过的相关ATR数据表明, BSA与HA之间的相互作用是快速的,并随时间变化进一步加强;来自HA上PO₄^3-的P=O基团对蛋白质肽键的酰胺II带(―CNH)、多肽链的甲基(―PO₃)和亚甲基(―CH₂)上氢的吸附作用要比P―O快速而且强烈。Ca²⁺在该吸附过程中起了极其重要的作用,其快速与蛋白质肽键的羰基氧发生作用,并诱导该蛋白质二级结构由β-折叠向α-螺旋和β-转角构象转变;伴随着这一构象变化,蛋白质多肽链上大多数肽键的―C=O和H―N―活性基团从链间氢键交联中释放出来,带动众多的氢分别参与同HA表面的Ca²⁺、PO43-和OH^-离子的相互吸附作用,并牢牢地结合于HA表面;这对硬组织的再生起着重要作用,促进了HA的生物矿化过程。     

Li3Fe2(PO4)3/C正极材料的电化学性能及其反应机理研究

采用溶胶凝胶及高能球磨制得Li₃Fe₂(PO₄)₃/C材料,利用多种物理及其电化学技术观察材料形貌,表征材料结构及电化学性能,用电化学原位XAFS等初步研究Li₃Fe₂(PO₄)₃/C超理论容量电化学反应机理. 结果显示,Li₃Fe₂(PO₄)₃/C的结构为单斜晶系,空间群P21/n. 2.0 ~ 4.0 V电位区间,10 mAh·g^-1电流密度,Li₃Fe₂(PO₄)₃/C电极的首周期放电比容量为129 mAh·g^-1,达到其理论容量. 若电位区间拓宽至2.0 ~ 4.95 V,其首周期放电比容量高达165 mAh·g^-1,超出理论的“额外”容量30%. 电化学原位XAFS测试未观察到明显的Fe³⁺/Fe⁴⁺氧化还原对参与电化学反应,初步推测“额外”容量可能来自于该复合材料的高浓度表面缺陷.     

Cu/WO3-TiO2光催化剂上丙烯和二氧化碳合成MAA反应性能

研究了Cu/WO₃-TiO₂对CO₂和C₃H₆的吸附特性和光催化性能.结果表明,在Cu/WO₃-TiO₂催化剂表面存在金属位Cu,Lewis酸位W⁶⁺和Ti⁴⁺以及Lewis碱位W-O-Ti的桥氧和WO的端氧三类活性中心;在金属位Cu和Lewis酸位Ti⁴⁺(或W⁶⁺)的协同作用下,CO₂形成活性较高的卧式吸附态Cu-(CO)-O→Ti⁴⁺(或W⁶⁺),C₃H₆的β-H和β-C分别吸附在Lewis碱位WO与金属位Cu上,形成Cu-(CH₂)C(CH₃)-H→OW吸附态;Cu/WO₃-TiO₂催化剂吸收阈值蓝移和光吸收量的提高均有利于其催化活性的提高,担载质量分数为10%的WO₃光催化剂的催化活性优于其它含量的催化剂,光量子效率最高(19.7%);在383K,0.1MPa,空速200h^-1和125W紫外灯辐照下,C₃H₆转化率为7.4%,甲基丙烯酸(MAA)的选择性超过95%.根据实验结果提出了光促表面催化合成反应的机理.     

Improved electrochemical properties in the Li3Fe2(PO4)3 by titanium and vanadium doping

Ti⁴⁺ ions were introduced to the VO₄^3- substituted Li₃Fe₂(PO₄)₃ by sol-gel method. Simultaneous substitution of Ti⁴⁺ for Fe³⁺ and VO₄^3- for PO₄^3- in the Li₃Fe₂(PO₄)₃ resulted in a net improvement in the rate capability and cycling performance, as compared with the single Ti⁴⁺ or VO₄^3- substituted compound.     

One Dimensional Iron Molybdophosphate Anionic Chains with Different Structural Arrangements Reflecting a Flexibility Character

Structural comparison of a new compound[(bpp)₃H₆]Fe₂^IIIFe₂^IIMo₂₄^V(H₂PO₄)₈(HPO₄)₄(PO₄)₄O₄₈(OH)₁₂· (H₂O)₄·2H₂O(1)[bpp=1,3-di(4-pyridyl)propane] with our previously reported two compounds[(bpy)₃Fe^II]₃· Fe₂^IIIFe₂^IIMo₂₄^V(H₂PO₄)₈(HPO₄)₄(PO₄)₄O₄₈(OH)₁₂(H₂O)₄·12H₂O(2) and[(bpy)₃Fe^II]₂Fe^IIFe^IIIMo₁₂^V(H₂PO₄)₂(H_2-xPO₄)·(H_1+xPO₄)(HPO₄)₂(PO₄)₂O₂₄(OH)₆(H₂O)₂·9H₂O(x=0―1)(3)(bpy=2,2'-bipyridine), which all exhibit one-dimensional mixed-valence iron molybdophosphate anionic chains constructed by alternating connection of Fe^III ions and magic[Fe^II(Mo₆P₄O₃₁)₂] units, reveals that the non-hydrogen atomic ratios of Mo:Fe:P:O within the polymeric anionic chains are the same for all the three compounds, while the polymeric anionic chains of the different compounds bear different numbers of negative charges. And therefore there exist different numbers of counter cations per {Fe₂^III[Fe₂^II(P₁₆Mo₂₄^VO₁₂₄)]} unit found in the titled compounds. It discloses that not only are the spatial assembling of counter cations and polymeric inorganic chains of three compounds quite different, but also the O―Fe^III―O bond angles and Fe^III―O bond lengths of the three different inorganic chains exhibit small differences. What is more important is that such small changes in bond length and bond angle in the assemblage of Fe^III―O bonds lead to the considerable fluctuations of inorganic chains in their structural conformation within the three compounds, reflecting an interesting phenomenon of “flexibility" in the pure inorganic one dimensional mixed-valence iron molybdophosphate chains.     

新型层状氟化磷酸铝[C4H12N2][Al2(PO4)2(H2O)2F2]的水热合成与表征

自从1982年Wilson等发现一类新型微孔材料磷酸铝分子筛(AlPO4-n)以来,大量具有新颖结构的磷酸铝化合物被合成出来,它们在催化、离子交换、吸附和主-客体组装等方面均具有潜在的应用前景,这类化合物大多是在水热或溶剂热体系中和有机模板剂存在条件下合成的,1978年,Flanigen等首先在反应体系中加入氟离子作矿化剂合成了硅晶体,后来,氟离子方法在硅铝体系和金属磷酸盐体系中也得到了广泛的应用,氟离子在反应过程中起到矿化剂或结构导向剂的作用,     

A spectroscopic study on the reaction-controlled phase transfer catalyst in the epoxidation of cyclohexene

The epoxidation of cyclohexene with hydrogen peroxide in a biphase medium (H₂O/CHCl₃) was carried out with the reaction-controlled phase transfer catalyst composed of quaternary ammonium heteropolyoxotungstates [π-C₅H₅N(CH₂)₁₅CH₃]₃[PW₄O₁₆]. A conversion of about 90% and a selectivity of over 90% were obtained for epoxidation of cyclohexene on the catalyst. The fresh catalyst, the catalyst under reaction conditions and the used catalysts were characterized by FT-IR, Raman and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy. It appears that the insoluble catalyst could degrade into smaller species, [(PO₄){WO(O₂)₂}₄]³⁻, [(PO₄){WO(O₂)₂}₂{WO(O₂)₂(H₂O)}]³⁻, and [(PO₃(OH)){WO(O₂)₂}₂]²⁻ after the reaction with hydrogen peroxide and becomes soluble in the CHCl₃ solvent. The active oxygen in the [W₂O₂(O₂)₄] structure unit of these soluble species reacts with olefins to form the epoxides and consequently the corresponding W---Ob---W (corner-sharing) and W---Oc---W (edge-sharing) bonds are formed. The peroxo group [W₂O₂(O₂)₄] can be regenerated when the W---Ob---W and W---Oc---W bonds react with hydrogen peroxide again. These soluble species lose active oxygen and then polymerize into larger compounds with the W---Ob---W and W---Oc---W bonds and then precipitate from the reaction solution after the hydrogen peroxide is consumed up. Part of the used catalyst seems to form more stable compounds with Keggin structure under the reaction conditions.     

新型磷-钒-氧层状化合物[H2en]2[H3O]6[Co(H2O)2(VO)8(OH)4(PO4)8]的水热合成与晶体结构

金属磷酸盐材料在吸附、离子交换、离子传导和催化剂方面有潜在的应用前景[1～5]. 近年来, 通过水热反应合成了一些A-V-P-O化合物. 在这些化合物中, A一般为碱金属或有机阳离子, 如层状结构的[H2N(C4H8)2NH2][(VO)4(OH)4(PO4)2][6] 和[H2N(C2H4)3NH2][(VO)8(HPO4)3(PO4)4*(OH)2]*2H2O[6], 一维链状结构的 [H2NCH2CH2NH3(VO)(PO4)][7], 手性双螺旋结构的 [(CH3)2NH2]K4[(VO)10(H2O)2(OH)4(PO4)7]*H2O[8]以及具有三维骨架结构的化合物 [H3N(CH2)3NH3K(VO)3(PO4)3][9], [H3N(CH2)3NH3]2[V(H2O)2(VO)6(OH)2(HPO4)3(PO4)5]*3H2O[10]和[H3N(CH2)2NH3][(VO)3(H2O)2(PO4)2(HPO4)4][11].     

PO2X…PX3/PH2X(X=F,Cl, Br,CH3, NH2)复合物中π-hole磷键作用的电子密度拓扑分析

磷键作为一种新型的分子键合力,因在晶体工程和超分子合成等方面的重要作用而越来越多地引起科研工作者的广泛关注。本文采用量子化学从头算和电子密度拓扑分析等方法,在MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ理论水平上,对PO₂X…PX₃和PO₂X…PH₂X (X = F, Cl, Br, CH₃, NH₂) π型复合物的结构和磷键性质进行了理论研究。研究表明:π-hole磷键复合物存在A和B两种稳定构型,分别以P…P和P…X磷键作用为主。分子中原子(AIM)、非共价作用(NCI)、电子定域函数(ELF)及适应性自然密度划分(AdNDP)分析表明,不同取代基对该类磷键作用的性质产生很大影响:当取代基为给电子基(CH₃, NH₂)时,磷键具有明显的共价作用特征;当取代基为吸电子基(F, Cl, Br)时,构型和取代基不同的磷键分别表现为非共价、部分共价或共价作用特征。自然键轨道(NBO)分析指出,分子间磷键的Wiberg键级的数值越大,磷键的共价性越强,磷键的作用强度越大。构型B的电荷转移主要是PX₃/PH₂X中X原子上的孤对电子转移到PO₂X中π^*(P=O)反键空轨道。     

Effect of VO43- Substitution on the Electrochemical Properties of a LiSn2(PO4)3 Anode Material

VO₄^3- anion was used to partially substitute for PO₄^3- in the Nasicon compound of LiSn₂(PO₄)₃ via a sol-gel method. XRD analysis revealed that the VO₄^3--substituted samples did not have a single LiSn₂(PO₄)₃ phase, and some secondary phases like SnO₂ and SnP₂O₇ appeared. Introduction of the VO₄^3- anion did not prevent the LiSn₂(PO₄)₃ compound from decomposing during the initial lithiation; however the VO₄^3- anion substitution remar-kably enhanced the rate capability and cycling performance of the products because they reduced the charge transfer impedance, increased the lithium ion diffusion, and strengthened the role of the Li₃PO₄ matrix due to the precipitation of the Li₃VO₄phase. Of the substituted samples, the sample with a nominal composition of LiSn₂(PO₄)_2.5(VO₄)_0.5 delivered a capacity of 449.2 mA·h/g at a rate of 0.25 C after 25 cycles and 373.8 mA·h/g at 2 C rate. Those values surpassed some previous reports on LiSn₂(PO₄)₃ and the LiSn₂(PO₄)₃/C composites. Accordingly, the partial substitution of phosphorus by vanadium in LiSn₂(PO₄)₃ is a feasible technique to remarkably improve its electrochemical properties.     

A New Non-centrosymmetric Microporous Fluorinated Iron Phosphate: Structural Elucidation,Spectroscopic Study and Hirshfeld Surface Analysis

The crystal structure of a new non-centrosymmetric microporous fluorinated iron phosphate, (H₃O)₂[Fe₄(H₂O)₂F₄(PO₄)₂(HPO₄)₂](H₂O), was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and the result reveals that it belongs to the orthorhombic system with four molecules in the unit cell(space group P2₁2₁2₁). Thus, the complex was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic techniques(Fourier transform infrared and Fourier transform Raman) and ¹⁹F MAS NMR. The elemental analysis of the sample was also carried out. The chiral inorganic sheets, which stacked along[100] showed the presence of FeF₂O₄ as well as FeF₂O₃H₂O octahedra, PO₄ besides HPO₄ tetrahedra, hydronium ions(H₃O⁺) and isolated water molecules. Hirshfeld surface analysis, especially d_nom surface and fingerprint plots, were used for decoding the intermolecular interactions in the crystal network and the contribution of component units for the construction of the 3D architecture. From the Hirshfeld surfaces and 2D fingerprint analysis, it was found that the subtle interactions, such as H…H associating the third intense interaction of all intercontacts, provide extra stabilization in addition to the presence of the strong hydrogen bonds mentioned above.