Betainohydroxamic acid chloride

The title compound, N‐hydroxy‐2‐(tri­methyl­ammonio)­acet­amide chloride, C₅H₁₃N₂O₂⁺·Cl⁻, has been synthesized and structurally characterized. The structure consists of betaino­hydroxamic acid cations and Cl⁻ anions linked by N—H⋯Cl and O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds into chains along [001]. It was found that the positive inductive effect of the charged N atom in close proximity to the hydroxamate carbonyl O atom has a negligible effect on the hydroxamic C—N bond length.     

Copolymers of vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride with some acid chlorides

Vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride were copolymerized with 10-acryloxydecanoyl chloride and 12-acryloxystearoyl chloride by use of free-radical initiator in solution to obtain copolymers with active chlorine groups. Alternative routes for making such copolymers which consisted of making the corresponding acrylic acid or acrylyl chloride copolymers, followed by reaction with hydroxy acid and finally conversion to the acid chloride by treatment with thionyl chloride, were investigated. The monomer reactivity ratios for the radical copolymerization of vinyl chloride (VCI) and vinylidene chloride (VCl₂) with acrylic acid (AA) and acrylyl chloride (ACI) were determined: VCI–AA, r₁ = 0.025, r₂ = 6.40; VCl–ACl, r₁ = 0.017, r₂ = 2.65; VCl₂–AA, r₁ = 0.46, r₂ = 1.26; VCl–ACl, r₁ = 0.50, r₂ = 1.12.     

Amino acid hydration in aqueous ammoniu chloride and sodium chloride solutions

Partial volumes $\bar V^0$ of amino acids in aqueous NH₄Cl and NaCl solutions are discussed. The salts have different effects on water structure. The contributions of the charged NH ₃ ⁺ and COO^? groups of amino acids are found. Structural characteristics of hydrated complexes are calculated: partial volumes of water inside and outside the hydration sphere and hydration numbers. The same value of $\bar V^0$ (NH ₃ ⁺ , COO^?) is achieved at a higher NH₄Cl concentration. The two salt systems with the same $\bar V^0$ (NH ₃ ⁺ , COO^?) have similar values of the partial volumes of water and hydration numbers.     

Spectrophotometric determination of oxalic acid in presence of glyoxylic acid and chloride

Glyoxylic acid gives a yellow 1:1 complex, [FeCHOCOO]²⁺ with iron(III). The dissociation contant, measured by two spectrophotometric methods, is K = 9.7 ± 1 mol l^?1. Oxalic acid gives two complexes with iron(III) which absorb in the same range around 400 nm. With appropriate precautions and corrections, oxalic acid concentrations of about 10^?1–10^?2 M can be determined in the presence of glyoxylic acid and chloride.     

Continuous dialysis of hydrochloric acid and lithium chloride: permeability of anion-exchange membrane to chloride ions

A counter-current two-compartment dialyzer equipped with an anion-exchange membrane Neosepta-AFN was used to study dialysis of a hydrochloric acid and lithium chloride mixture. To quantify this process, several characteristics were calculated from the data obtained at steady state. First, the dialysis process was characterized by the acid recovery yield and rejection coefficient of salt, which were in the range of 61–98% and 62–94%, respectively (for HCl and LiCl concentrations from 0.1 to 1.0 kmol m^?3 and volumetric liquid flow rates from 8 × 10^?9 to 24 × 10^?9 m³ s^?1). Furthermore, this study proved that dialysis of an HCl + LiCl mixture can be quantified by a single characteristic, i.e., the permeability coefficient of the membrane to chloride ions, which is a function of the concentration of both the components in the feed.     

Determination of chloride and sulfate in semiconductor-grade etchants comprised of acetic acid,nitric acid and phosphoric acid

The variable-capacity Dionex Cryptand A1 column was used for the determination of low-ppm levels of chloride and sulfate in etchants comprised of acetic acid, nitric acid and phosphoric acid. All possible ratios of the three acids could be analyzed for chloride and sulfate, if the samples were first diluted 1:100. However, a suitable eluent program was found to be needed for each mixture. A proprietary formulation was chosen to undergo this suitability determination. The resulting gradient was 10 mM KOH with a step to 30 mM NaOH at 15 min, flow-rate=0.5 ml/min; column temperature=29 degrees C; sample loop=7.5 microl. Under these conditions, a low-ppm calibration study (using the proprietary mix as the matrix) was performed and the associated prediction intervals were determined. At 50 ppm (in the original etchant), the +/- prediction interval was +/- 7 ppm for chloride and +/- 20 ppm for sulfate, both at the 95% confidence level. This step gradient was found to be a good starting place for separating the five components in all other ratios of these three acids.     

Copolymerization of 2,2-diallyl-1,1,3,3-tetraethylguanidinium chloride and maleic acid

The free-radical copolymerization of 1,1,3,3-tetraethyl-2,2-diallylguanidinium chloride and maleic acid in bulk and organic solvents forms copolymers with a high tendency of monomer units toward alternation. It is shown that 1,1,3,3-tetraethyl-2,2-diallylguanidinium chloride undergoes copolymerization with maleic acid to give rise to pyrrolidinium structures in the cyclolinear polymer chain.     

Reaction of anthranilic acid and methoxy- and nitro-substituted anthranilic acid with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in pyridine

The reaction of anthranilic acid and methoxy- and nitro-substituted anthranilic acid with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in pyridine was investigated. Anthranilic acid and its methoxy-substituted derivatives react to give the corresponding 2-(2-tosylaminophenyl)-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-ones and N,N'-ditosyldianthranilides. At 20°C, 4-nitroanthranilic acid gives primarily 2-(2-amino-4-nitrophenyl)-7-nitro-4H-3,1-benzoxazin-4-one, while its tosyl derivative is obtained at 114°. The products of the reaction of 5-nitroanthranilic acid with p-toluenesulfonyl chloride are 2-nitro-11H-pyrido[2,1-b]quinazolin-11-one and 2-(2-amino-5-nitrophenyl)-6-nitro-4H-3, 1-benzoxazin-4-one. The yield of benzoxazinone generally increases as the temperature is raised.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1341–1344, October, 1972     

Ionic associates of ascorbic acid with cetylpyridinium chloride

The interaction of ascorbic acid with cetylpyridinium chloride was studied spectrophotometrically. The compositions of the ionic associates formed and their formation constants were determined.     

Thermodynamics of mixture of boric acid with lithium borate and chloride

The first thermodynamic dissociation constants of boric acid in aqueous solution of lithium chloride with borate at five different temperatures from 278.15 to 318.15 K were evaluated from emf values of the cell without liquid junction potential with the improved extrapolation and polynomial approximation on the basis of Pitzer's theory. Values obtained from both methods are in good agreement with each other. Pitzer's parameters β(0) and β(1) of LiB(OH)4 and other thermodynamic quantities of dissociation process of boric acid are obtained. Results have been discussed.