激波和湍流相互作用的数值模拟

本文综述了关于激波和湍流相互作用数值模拟的近期研究进展, 主要包括激波和均匀各向同性湍流、激波和湍流边界层、激波和射流以及激波和尾迹的相互作用. 激波和湍流相互作用特性受到诸多因素的影响,如激波的强度、位置、形状和流动边界以及来流的湍流状态和可压缩性等. 激波和湍流的相互作用会引起流场结构、激波特性和湍流统计特性的显著变化. 最后简要讨论了激波和湍流相互作用数值研究需要关注的一些问题.      

高超声速层流尾迹的数值模拟

本文利用无波动、无自由参数、耗散的差分格式(NND格式),通过求解NS方程,数值模拟了高超声速层流尾迹的流动,清晰地给出了主激波、拐角膨胀波、迹激波及自由剪切层,所得流场物理量的分布与实验结果甚为一致。计算发现了底部迴流区由起始向定常的发展中,在瞬时流线图上经历了极限环形成、胀大、缩小、再胀大最后消失的演变过程。     

环形激波绕射, 反射和聚焦的数值模拟研究

应用频散可控耗散格式对环形激波在圆柱形激波管内绕射、反射和聚焦的问题进行了数值模拟研究，研究结果表明环形激波形成强烈聚焦的关键因素是环形激波在圆柱形管道中向对称轴运动时，绕射激波就不断加速而不作通常情况下的衰减；不同马赫数的环形激波绕射也产生不同马赫数及形状的准柱形激波，导致聚焦效果和位置的差异；另外，环形激波聚焦于一个点而圆柱形激波聚焦于一条线，两者有本质不同。     

缩放喷管内正激波位置的数值模拟

数值模拟缩放喷管内正激波位置,需联立迭代求解一组方程．本文利用５个独立方程模拟了由背压与入口滞止压力的比值的变化而形成的不同流动工况．有利于学生对该部分教学内容的深刻理解及促进计算机辅助教学工作     

流体动力系统激波的数值模拟

本文为了对流体动力系统含有激波的跨音速流动进行数值模拟,给出了曲线坐标系下的LU-AUSMLW算法。该算法综合利用了AUSMPW格式与LU-SGS方法的优点。本文通过采用三阶MUSCL格式获得高阶精度。为了验证该算法的精度,对通道和叶栅中含有激波的跨音速流动进行了数值模拟。本文数值试验的计算结果与文献计算结果相符很好。     

非定常IV型激波－激波干扰数值模拟研究

对IV型激波-激波干扰非定常流动进行了数值模拟，采用有限体积法，结合空间半隐的二阶OC-TVD格式与时间二阶显式Runge-Kutta法求解三维全N-S方程，并且使用了Baldwin-Lomax代数湍流模型．得到了周期性流场变化结果，其中包括周期变化的双涡结构．壁面压强峰值的大小和位置均呈周期性振动，壁面压力系数和Stanton数的时均分布与定常实验结果符合得较好．并从一周期内流场结构的扰动传播出发，分析了结构变化的相位，说明了IV型激波一激波干扰内在的非定常性机理与影响因素。     

激波与爆轰波对撞的数值模拟研究

用二阶精度NND差分格式和改进的二阶段化学反应模型模拟了爆轰波与激波的对撞过程,研究了不同强度入射激波对爆轰过渡区域的影响. 当对撞激波较弱时,透射爆轰波演变主要受流动膨胀作用的影响,可划分为对撞影响区、爆轰恢复区和稳定发展区3个阶段. 在爆轰恢复区和稳定发展区,前导激波压力经历一个过冲、然后向稳定爆轰过渡的过程,表现了爆轰波熄爆和再起爆的物理特征. 当对撞激波较强时,可燃混合气体的高热力学参数导致了更高的化学反应活化程度,形成了弱爆轰向稳定爆轰的直接转变.      

可压缩流向涡与激波轴对称干扰的数值模拟

用ＮＳ方程数值模拟了可压缩流向涡和激波轴对称相互作用现象．数值模拟包括定常和非定常两种情况,计算结果分别与相应的实验进行了比较．结果表明数值模拟成功地捕捉到了激波和旋涡相互作用过程中发生的激波波面变形,激波振荡,涡核变大以及激波波后出现驻点、回流区等流场特征．提出了判断流向涡与运动激波相互作用中旋涡破碎的准则     

高超声速三维热化学非平衡流场的数值模拟

对三维高超声速热化学非平衡流场进行数值模拟,采用双温度热化学非平衡、11组元空气模型,考虑振动-离解耦合．差分格式采用沈清博士提出的“迎风型NND”格式,用熵修正方法消除了高超声速流数值模拟中的“carbuncle现象”．与LU-SGS方法结合,提高了单步计算效率和收敛性．数值模拟结果与文献结果进行了对比,并在弹道靶中进行了钢质圆球的弓形激波位置实验验证．计算结果与文献、实验的对比说明,三维热化学非平衡流计算程序可以精确地捕捉到强弓形激波,得到合理的空气动力系数．     

二维激波与剪切层相互作用的直接数值模拟研究

采用五阶weighed esseritially non-oscillatory (WENO) 格式和三阶total variation diminishing (TVD) Runge-Kutta 格式, 通过求解二维非定常Navier-Stokes 方程, 直接数值模拟了激波与剪切层相互作用, 目的在于揭示激波与剪切层相互作用过程中噪声产生的机理. 研究发现:(1) 当入射激波穿过剪切层时, 剪切层中心位置向下层区域偏移;(2) 入射激波穿过剪切层产生小激波, 在小激波与剪切层接触点处产生声波并向外辐射;(3) 反射激波穿过剪切层后形成了分段弧状激波;(4) 当反射激波穿过剪切层时, 激波在鞍点处泄漏并向外辐射声波, 这是一种激波泄漏机制.     

Gasdynamic Analogies in Problems of the Oblique Interaction of MHD Shock Waves

Gasdynamic analogies are constructed for the oblique interaction of MHD shock waves (counter colliding or overtaking). These analogies fairly adequately describe the complex dependences of the gas dynamic parameters of the medium on the magnetic field strength and inclination. The complete gas dynamic analogy in which the MHD interaction is simulated by the interaction of two gas dynamic shock waves with Mach numbers calculated on the basis of the fast magnetosonic speeds adequately describe the state of the medium for weak and moderate magnetic fields. The hybrid model, in which the state behind the interacting shock wave is calculated from the MHD relations on discontinuities and the gas dynamic analogy is then used, gives satisfactory results in a stronger field.     

Two‐dimensional MHD solver by fluctuation splitting and dual time stepping

Numerical solutions of 2D magneto‐hydrodynamic (MHD) equations by means of a fluctuation splitting (FS) scheme (with a new wave model and dual time stepping technique) is presented. The FS scheme, essentially based on the model explained in Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference, vol. 10, Swansea, 21–25 July 1997; Godunov Symposium, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1–2 May 1997; Physics Symposium, Alanya, Turkey, 27–31 October 1998; J. Comput. Phys. 1999; 153 :437–466; Ph.D. Thesis, University of Marmara, Istanbul, Turkey, 2000), was extended to include gravitational source effects, limiters to limit oscillations, high order time accuracy through multistage Runge–Kutta steps, and a dual time stepping scheme to drive magnetic field divergence to zero during iterations. The numerical results show that with the new wave model called MHD‐B along with its embedded numerical dissipation, correct limiting viscosity solution has been recovered and that it can safely be used in order to investigate steady or time dependent magnetized or neutral compressible flows in two dimensions. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Riemann solver for the two-dimensional MHD equations

This paper presents how the equations of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in primitive form should be written in conservative form with the inclusion of a divergence source along with a divergence wave and how a physically correct sonic fix can be embedded directly in the fluxes. The numerical scheme was applied to a blast wave problem in which a circular energetic plasma is released in a free and magnetized medium with a reflected wall. The results show that the method with the new sonic fix can handle the divergence condition on the magnetic field and produces an almost uniform shock compression in all directions, resolving the shocks and discontinuities rather sharply. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Finite element method for unsteady MHD flow through pipes with arbitrary wall conductivity

A finite element method is given to obtain the numerical solution of the coupled equations in velocity and magnetic field for unsteady MHD flow through a pipe having arbitrarily conducting walls. Pipes of rectangular, circular and triangular sections have been taken for illustration. Computations have been carried out for different Hartmann numbers and wall conductivity at various time levels. It is found that if the wall conductivity increases, the flux through a section decreases. The same is the effect of increasing the Hartmann number. It is also observed that the steady state is approached at a faster rate for larger Hartmann numbers or larger wall conductivity. Selected graphs are given showing the behaviour of velocity, induced magnetic field and flux across a section.     

Assessment of Subgrid-Scale Models for Decaying Compressible MHD Turbulence

Large eddy simulation method is formulated for study of compressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence and assessment of different subgrid-scale models as applied for decaying case is performed. The filtered equations of compressible magnetopause using the mass-weighted filtering operation are obtained. Mass-weighted filtered equations for large-scale turbulent component comprise subgrid-scale terms and five models for closure of the subgrid-scale terms are suggested. In present paper the obtained results of numerical computations for large eddy simulation are compared with the results of direct numerical simulation of three-dimensional compressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. Assessment of five subgrid-scale models of large eddy simulation for MHD flows is fulfilled. The comparisons between large eddy simulation and direct numerical simulation are carried out regarding the temporal evolution of the global quantities kinetic and magnetic energy, cross helicity and the spectra of kinetic and magnetic energy.     

Numerical study of Prandtl effect on MHD flow at a lid‐driven porous cavity

In this paper, the lattice Boltzmann method is used to study the Prandtl number effect on flow structure and heat transfer rates in a magnetohydrodynamic flow mixed convection in a lid‐driven cavity filled with a porous medium. The right and left walls are at constant but different temperatures (θ_h and θ_c), while the other walls are adiabatic. Gallium and salt water (0.02 < Pr < 13.4) are used as samples of the electroconducting fluids in the cavity. Typical sets of streamlines and isotherms are presented to analyze the flow patterns set up by the competition among the forced flow created by the lid‐driven wall, the buoyancy force of the fluid and the magnetic force of the applied magnetic field. Mathematical formulations in the porous media were constructed based on the Brinkman–Forchheimer model, while the multidistribution‐function model was used for the magnetic field effect. Numerical results were obtained and the effects of the Prandtl number and the other effective parameters such as Richardson, Hartman, and Darcy numbers were investigated. It was found that the fluid fluctuations within the cavity were reduced by increasing the Hartman number. A similar pattern was observed for the Darcy number reduction. Heat transfer was essentially dominated by the conduction for the low Prandtl number and forced convection dominated as the Prandtl number increased. Also, the average Nusselt number was raised by increasing the Prandtl number. It was discovered that a remarkable heat transfer enhancement of up to 28% could be reached by increasing the Prandtl number (from 0.02 to 13.4) at constant Richardson and Darcy numbers. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical solutions of peristaltic flow of Williamson fluid with radially varying MHD in an endoscope

In this article we have studied the peristaltic motion of an incompressible Williamson fluid with constant and radially varying magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) in an endoscope. Using the low Reynolds and long wavelength assumptions, the equations of Williamson fluid model in simplified form are solved using (i) the HAM method and (ii) the Shooting method. The comparisons of both solutions have been found a very good agreement. Graphical results have been presented for various emerging parameters. © British Crown Copyright 2010/MOD. Reproduced with permission. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Regularity criteria for the 3D MHD equations in terms of the pressure

In this paper we consider the regularity criteria for weak solutions to the 3D MHD equations. It is proved that under the condition b being in the Serrin's regularity class, if the pressure p belongs to L^α,γ with or the gradient field of pressure p belongs to L^α,γ with on [0,T], then the solution remains smooth on [0,T].     

Numerical simulation of MHD stagnation point flow and heat transfer of a micropolar fluid towards a heated shrinking sheet

A comprehensive study of magneto hydrodynamics two‐dimensional stagnation flow with heat transfer characteristics towards a heated shrinking sheet immersed in an electrically conducting incompressible micropolar fluid in the presence of a transverse magnetic field is analyzed numerically. The governing continuity, momentum, angular momentum and heat equations together with the associated boundary conditions are first reduced to a set of self similar nonlinear ordinary differential equations using a similarity transformation and are then solved by a method based on finite difference discretization. Some important features of the flow and heat transfer in terms of normal and streamwise velocities, microrotation and temperature distributions for different values of the governing parameters are analyzed, discussed and presented through tables and graphs. The results indicate that the reverse flow caused due to shrinking of the sheet can be stopped by applying a strong magnetic field. The magnetic field enhances the shear stresses and decreases the thermal boundary layer thickness. The heat loss per unit area from the sheet decreases with an increase in the shrinking parameter. Micropolar fluids exhibit reduction in shear stresses and heat transfer rate as compared with Newtonian fluids, which may be beneficial in the flow and thermal control of polymeric processing. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical and analytical solutions of an Oldroyd 8‐constant MHD fluid with nonlinear slip conditions

The flow of an Oldroyd 8‐constant non‐Newtonian MHD fluid is investigated analytically and numerically. The governing equations for the flow field are derived for a steady one‐dimensional flow. The effect of constant applied magnetic field is included and its influence on the flow field is studied. The nonlinear governing equation along with nonlinear boundary conditions is solved analytically and the solution is obtained in an elegant way. Numerical solutions are also obtained using higher order Chebyshev spectral methods. The influence of various non‐Newtonian parameters and applied magnetic field is investigated. Results showing the effect of various physical parameters of the flow are presented and investigated. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.