CdO－SnO_2复合氧化物的组成与性能

通过控制共沉淀时溶液中Ｃｄ／Ｓｎ摩尔比的方法，合成了物相组成不同的ＣｄＯ－ＳｎＯ２复合氧化物粉料，探讨了相组成与材料电导及气敏性能之间的关系。     

CdO—SnO2复合氧化物的组成与性能

通过控制共沉淀时溶液中Ｃｄ／Ｓｎ摩尔比的方法，合成了物相组成不同的ＣｄＯ－ＳｎＯ２复合氧化物粉料，探讨了相组成与材料电导及气敏性能之间的关系。     

α-Fe_2O_3掺杂对In_2O_3电导和气敏性能的影响

用化学共沉淀法制备了α－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３掺杂的Ｉｎ２Ｏ３纳米晶微粉,研究了α－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３掺杂对Ｉｎ２Ｏ３电导和气敏性能的影响．结果表明,α－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３和 Ｉｎ２Ｏ３间可形成有限固溶体Ｉｎ２－ｘＦｅｘＯ３（０≤ｘ≤０．４０）;Ｆｅ３＋对 Ｉｎ２Ｏ３晶格中Ｉｎ３＋格位的部分取代,大大增强了阴阳离子间的结合力,导致材料中氧空位Ｖｏｘ数骤降、自由电子的浓度变稀和电导下降．ｎ（Ｆｅ３＋）：ｎ（Ｉｎ３＋）＝５：５的共沉淀粉于 ８００℃下灼烧 ４ ｈ所得的 α－Ｆｅ２Ｏ３掺杂Ｉｎ２Ｏ３传感器元件,对 ４５μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１Ｃ２Ｈ５ＯＨ的灵敏度达５４．０,为相同浓度干扰气体汽油的８倍多．     

固相配位化学反应研究──LXX．二水醋酸镉与邻氨基苯甲酸的分步固相反应

二水醋酸镉与邻氨基苯甲酸（ＨＯＡＢ）在室温下发生固—固相化学反应生成Ｃｄ（ＯＡＢ）２，用等温ＤＳＣ、等温电导法跟踪研究反应过程发现，上述固相反应分两步进行．     

制备参数对ZrO_2气凝胶超细粉织构和结构性质的影响

用超临界流体干燥（ＳＣＦＤ）法制备ＺｒＯ＿２气凝胶超细粉，详细考察了各个制备参数对其织构和结构性质的影响。结果表明，制备大孔高比表面ＺｒＯ＿２气凝胶超细粉较适宜的条件为：水凝胶在母液中老化时间尽可能长，锆盐溶液浓度～０．１７ｍｌ／ｌ，醇水交换度达到醇凝胶液相水含量～２。５２Ｗ％，操作温度～２６０℃，操作压力～７．５ＭＰａ。     

固相配位化学反应的研究：LXⅧ.2—氨基嘧啶与Cu（Ⅱ）盐的固—固相化学反应

室温或近室温条件下，２－氨基嘧啶（ＡＰ）与４种铜（Ⅱ）盐ＣｕＣｌ２．２Ｈ２Ｏ，ＣｕＢｒ２，ＣｕＳＯ４．５Ｈ２Ｏ，ＣｕＡｃ２，Ｈ２Ｏ发生固－固相化学反应，生成３类不同配位比（Ｃｕ／ＡＰ）分别为２：２、１：１和１：２）的２－氨基嘧啶合铜与合物，用元素分析，碘量法，电感耦合等离直读光谱、ＩＲ、ＸＲＤ、ＵＶ、ＥＳＲ等方法表征了固相反应产物，不同阴离子铜盐的结构是影响固相反应的主要原因。讨论了固相反应的过程     

Sm_2O_3－CeO_2－CUO三元系固线下相关系及电子型超导体Sm_（2－x

用Ｘ射线衍射法测定了Ｓｍ２Ｏ３－ＣｅＯ２－ＣｕＯ三元系固线下相关系，样品是在空气气氛１０００℃烧结的。该体系含有一个三元固溶体Ｓｍ２－ｘＣｅｘＣｕＯ４－ｙ，２个三相共存区和３个两相共存区，测定了Ｓｍ２－ｘ·ＣｅｘＣｕＯ４－ｙ固溶体的固溶限（ｘ＝０．２０），氧含量和超导电性，讨论了晶体结构和氧含量对超导电性的影响。     

纳米SnO2的制备

ＳｎＯ２在陶瓷、气敏半导体材料及催化剂等方面被广泛应用［１］．纳米级的ＳｎＯ２因具有明显的表面效应而受到关注，其制备方法也受到重视［２］．纳米ＳｎＯ２的制备方法较多，有沉淀法［２］、水热法［３，４］、溶胶－凝胶法［５］、火焰合成法［６］等．然而要制备...     

钐对不同氧空位SnO2气敏性能的影响

用Ｓｍ对不同氧空位浓度的ＳｎＯ２－ｘ气敏材料进行掺杂化学改性,并进行ＸＲＤ,ＸＰＳ,ＳＥＭ分析和比表面积测定,考察改性后的气敏材料对Ｃ６Ｈ６,Ｃ６Ｈ１２,Ｃ２Ｈ５ＯＨ,ＣＯ,Ｈ２等的气敏性能。     

二氧化锡非晶超微粒薄膜制备与薄膜性能的研究

我们用ＰＥＣＶＤ（等离子激活化学气相沉积）方法制备ＳｎＯ２薄膜。透射电镜表明４００℃以下是非晶状态,扫描电镜测试表明颗粒度为３０ｎｍ,ＳｎＯ２薄膜的紫外可见反射吸收光谱中,沉积在石英上的ＳｎＯ２薄膜出现价带到导带本征吸收带,可计算出非晶ＳｎＯ２薄膜禁带宽为３．５４ｅＶ,ＳｎＯ２薄膜红外光谱研究表明：ＳｎＯ２非晶薄膜随着加热温度升高,有序化程度升高,在３００℃明显出现５７２ｃｍ－１的ＳｎＯ２骨架振动带。经３００℃老化样品只对醇敏感。为制备好的气敏材料提供理论基础。     

纳米SnO_2@TiO_2的制备及其光催化性能

SnCl4和 Ti(OBu)4为原料,采用活性层包覆法制备了 SnO2@TiO2包覆型复合光催化剂,并用 XPS、 IR、 XRD、 TEM和 BET等手段进行了表征,以二甲基二氯乙烯基磷酸酯（简称 DDVP）稀释液为模拟废水,考察了 SnO2@TiO2的光催化活性及降解液初始浓度对反应动力学的影响 .结果表明：包覆粒子由锐钛矿型 TiO2和金红石型 SnO2组成;与纯 SnO2、 TiO2相比, SnO2@TiO2包覆粒子的光催化活性明显提高, DDVP稀释液被光催化降解属于零级反应,但反应表观速率常数与降解液初始浓度成正比 .     

DFT study and Monte Carlo simulation on proton transfers of 2-amino-2-oxazoline, 2-amino-2-thiazoline, and 2-amino-2-imidazoline in the gas phase and in water

Density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo (MC) simulation with free energy perturbation (FEP) techniques have been used to study the tautomeric proton transfer reaction of 2-amino-2-oxazoline, 2-amino-2-thiazoline, and 2-amino-2-imidazoline in the gas phase and in water. Two reaction pathways were considered: the direct and water-assisted transfers. The optimized structures and thermodynamic properties of stationary points for the title reaction system in the gas phase were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d, p) level of theory. The potential energy profiles along the minimum energy path in the gas phase and in water were obtained. The study of the solvent effect of water on the proton transfer of 2-amino-2-oxozoline, 2-amino-2-thiazoline, and 2-amino-2-imidazoline indicates that water as a solvent is favorable for the water-assisted process and slows down the rate of the direct transfer pathway.     

固体酸催化剂S_2O_8~(2-)/TiO_2-ZrO_2合成马来酸二辛酯

马来酸二辛酯是合成琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠的主要中间体 ,琥珀酸二辛酯磺酸钠因具有特别强的渗透力、分散性和良好的乳化性而广泛用于印染、制革、涂料、石油钻探等行业 [1 ] 。目前工业上生产马来酸二辛酯大多数用污染和腐蚀性严重的 H2 SO4 作催化剂 ,副反应多 ,并产生有毒的硫酸酯 ,用固体酸代替液体无机酸作为催化剂可避免以上缺点 ,而且具有酸强度高 ,对水稳定 ,制备过程简单等优点 [2 ,3] 。为此人们对其进行了大量的研究。前人曾对 WO3/Zr O2 、Mo O3/Zr O2 体系进行了研究 [4～ 7] ,发现用 SO2 - 4浸渍时促进作用最佳 ,寻找更多…     

CO2化学利用的一条新途径

C02开发利用一直是世界各国大型化工企业异常关注的研究课题，但是，由于C02结构稳定，化学活性差，因而决定了该领域的研究课题难度较大，进展比较缓慢．本文报道了一种利用天然气还原C02制备会成气的最新研究结果，该过程不仅可以为破一化学工业提供廉价原料，从而开辟一条极重要的非石油原料的化学工业路线，而且对减缓全球性温室效应也具有一定的社会意义．1实验日分1·1催化剂制备按表1所列组成，以7－AI。0。、硝酸镍、硝酸镁和稀土硝酸盐为原料，采用常规浸渍法参照文献［‘］制备催化剂．1·Zfffe反应评价催化反应评价采用双套管…     

Copper-catalyzed tandem reaction of 2-haloanilines with thiocarbamoyl chloride: Synthesis of 2-aminobenzothiazoles

A simple and efficient protocol for the synthesis of 2-aminobenzothiazoles by a ligand-free copper-catalyzed tandem reaction has been developed. In the presence of CuBr and t-BuOK, a variety of 2-haloanilines (halogen?=?Br, I) underwent the reaction with thiocarbamoyl chloride efficiently to afford the corresponding 2-aminobenzothiazoles in good yields (83–94%). The features of this method include good yield, cheap catalyst, mild reaction conditions, and broad substrate scope, which make the protocol practical and attractive in the preparation of some potential pharmaceutically active compounds.     

纳米SnO2@TiO2的制备及其光催化性能

以SnCl4和Ti(OBu)4为原料,采用活性层包覆法制备了SnO2@TiO2包覆型复合光催化剂,并用XPS、IR、XRD、TEM和BET等手段进行了表征,以二甲基二氯乙烯基磷酸酯（简称DDVP）稀释液为模拟废水,考察了SnO2@TiO2的光催化活性及降解液初始浓度对反应动力学的影响.结果表明：包覆粒子由锐钛矿型TiO2和金红石型SnO2组成;与纯SnO2、TiO2相比,SnO2@TiO2包覆粒子的光催化活性明显提高,DDVP稀释液被光催化降解属于零级反应,但反应表观速率常数与降解液初始浓度成正比.     

Reaction Chemistry of W—Mn／SiO2 Catalyst for the Oxidative Coupling of Methane

Reaction chemistry of the OCM reaction on W-Mn/SiO2 catalyst has been reviewed in this account.Initial activity and selectivity,stability in a long-term reaction,reaction at elevated pressures and a modelling test in a stainless-steel fluidized-bed reactor show that W-Mn/SiO2 has promising performance for the development of an OCM process that directly produces ethylene from natural gas.A study on surface catalytic reaction kinetics and used cataly st structure characterization revealed a possible reason why C2 and COx selectivity changed during the long-term reaction.Further improvement of the catalyst composition and preparation metbod should be a future direction of study on OCM reaction over W-Mn/SiO2 catalyst.     

Removal of NO in NO/N2, NO/N2/O2, NO/CH4/N2, and NO/CH4/O2/N2 systems by flowing microwave discharges

In this paper, continuing previous work, we report on experiments carried out to investigate the removal of NO from simulated flue gas in nonthermal plasmas. The plasma-induced decomposition of small concentrations of NO in N2 used as the carrier gas and O2 and CH4 as minority components has been studied in a surface wave discharge induced with a surfatron launcher. The reaction products and efficiency have been monitored by mass spectrometry as a function of the composition of the mixture. NO is effectively decomposed into N2 and O2 even in the presence of O2, provided always that enough CH4 is also present in the mixture. Other majority products of the plasma reactions under these conditions are NH3, CO, and H2. In the absence of O2, decomposition of NO also occurs, although in that case HCN accompanies the other reaction products as a majority component. The plasma for the different reaction mixtures has been characterized by optical emission spectroscopy. Intermediate excited species of NO*, C*, CN*, NH*, and CH* have been monitored depending on the gas mixture. The type of species detected and their evolution with the gas composition are in agreement with the reaction products detected in each case. The observations by mass spectrometry and optical emission spectroscopy are in agreement with the kinetic reaction models available in literature for simple plasma reactions in simple reaction mixtures.     

多元醇法制备条件对介孔Ce0.5Zr0.5O2复合氧化物性能的影响

采用多元醇法合成了一系列具有立方萤石结构的介孔Ce0.5 Zr0.5 O2(m-Ce0.5 Zr0.5 O2)复合氧化物,考察了前驱物和PVP浓度、反应时间、焙烧温度和时间等条件对m-Ce0.5 Zr0.5 O2复合氧化物性能的影响,并运用XRD、Raman、BET、FT-IR和TG等手段对样品进行了表征.结果表明,制备条件对m-Ce0.5 Zr0.5 O2复合氧化物的性能具有较大的影响,在前驱物和PVP浓度为0.04 M和0.16 M、反应时间7 h、焙烧温度和时间为673 K和4 h时,所制m-Ce0.5 Zr0.5 O2的性能最好,其比表面积、孔容和平均孔径分别为181 m2·g-1、0.282 cm3.g-1和3.75 nm.活性的测定结果表明,富氢条件下CuO/m-Ce0.5 Zr0.5 O2催化剂的CO氧化活性比CuO/cp-Ce0.5 Zr0.5 O2催化剂有较大幅度的提高.     

Catalysis of SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 nanometer solid superacid

Superacid catalyst SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 was applied in esterification of Acetic Acid and Butanol. The particle size of ZrO2 in the catalyst was about 12.5 nm. In catalyst preparation conditions, the effect factor order on catalytic activity is H2SO4 concentration ＞ calcination temperature ＞ ZrO2 supported content. The optimum preparation condition is as follows: ZrO2 content 3.5g/g; calcination temperature 600℃, and H2SO4 concentration 0.5mol/L. The catalytic activity is 96.5 vol%.SO42-/MxOy solid superacid is a kind of green catalyst, whose application perspective is bright. In this paper, SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 solid superacid was prepared with nanometer compound carrying method. The acidic strength of catalysts was measured with the following Hammett indicators, 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (H0=-14.52) and p-nitrochlorobenzene (H0=-12.70). Catalytic activity was evaluated with esterification reaction of Acetic Acid and Butanol. Reaction temperature was at 105℃, and reaction time was only 1h. The conversion rate of Acetic Acid was analyzed by a gas chromatograph (GC-14C SHIMADZU in Japan)The experimental results showed that H2SO4 concentration had more influences on catalytic activity than other two factors, calcination temperature and ZrO2 supported content. Since sulfur absorbed on the surface of metal oxides is necessary to the acidity of SO42-/MxOy solid superacid,H2SO4 concentration in impregnation solution is needed enough high. But, it can't be too much high,otherwise, Zirconium sulfate formed on the catalyst surface will be harmful influences on catalytic activity. In researched cover, 0.5mol/L H2SO4 concentration is the most suitable, and the catalyst prepared with this concentration has very strong acidity.The optimum preparation condition is as follows: ZrO2 content 3.5g/g; calcination temperature 600℃, and H2SO4 concentration 0.5mol/L. In the catalyst prepared with above conditions, the acidic strength (H0) of the catalyst is smaller than ＜-14.52, and catalytic activity is 96.5 vol%. When it was re-used in esterification reaction, catalytic activity decreased gradually with re-used times increasing(seen in Table 1). But after catalyst is used repeatedly up to five times, catalytic activity (84.3 vol %)is still higher than that of H2SO4 catalyst.The X-ray diffraction patterns showed that ZrO2 supported in TiO2 belonged tetragonal zirconia phases. Through the calculation of Scherrer formula, the particle size of ZrO2 in the catalyst is about 12.5 nm. After SO42- promoted nanometer ZrO2/TiO2 compound carrier, the diffraction peaks of tetragonal zircoma become broader and the strength weaker. It shows that adding SO4 ions restrains the crystallization of ZrO2, diminishes the size of particles. This might be why SO42--ZrO2/TiO2 has high catalytic activity and stability in acidic catalysis reaction.