含牛磺酸交联聚乙烯醇的合成及其对甘油三脂吸附性能*

以牛磺酸修饰交联聚乙烯醇凝胶合成了吸附剂。吸附实验结果表明：该类吸附剂对血清中甘油三脂具有良好的吸附效果,而对血清中总蛋白的吸附性能相对较弱。它们对甘油三脂的吸附性能着吸附剂上功能基含量的增加而加强,但随着载体的交联度的提高而降低。血清中致病因子的浓度影响吸附性能。     

含胍基交联聚乙烯醇的合成及其对胆红素吸附性能研究

通过将胍基固载到交联聚乙烯醇水凝胶上制备了新型亲水性胆红素吸附剂,该类吸附剂对胆红素具有良好的吸附性能和较高的吸附效率.交联聚乙烯醇对胆红素的吸附率随着载体的交联度、离子浓度以及白蛋白与胆红素质量比的增加而降低;胍基固载量的提高可以增加吸附剂对胆红素的吸附性能.     

含氨基聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯树脂对胆红素的吸附性能研究

以交联聚甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯树脂为载体,以己二胺和多乙烯多胺为功能基制备了一系列胆红素吸附剂,研究了它们在不同吸附温度、离子强度和胆红素浓度等条件下,对胆红素的吸附性能的影响.研究表明,该类吸附剂对胆红素具有良好的吸附性能,其中以己二胺和质子化己二胺为功能基的吸附剂对胆红素的吸附作用最佳.     

新型低密度脂蛋白吸附剂的合成及吸附性能研究

通过在交联聚乙烯醇水凝胶上固载牛磺酸合成了新型低密度脂蛋白吸附剂,体外吸附结果表明,该类吸附剂对低密度脂蛋白的吸附选择性与吸附率不仅与交联聚乙烯醇载体本身的交联度和牛磺酸的固载量有关,而且还受到不同病人血清及吸附剂的颗粒直径等因素的影响．该类吸附剂对血清总蛋白的影响较小．     

高度交联聚苯乙烯吸附剂的结构与吸附性能研究

在通过Ｆｒｉｅｄｅｌ—Ｃｒａｆｔｓ后交联反应制备高度交联聚苯乙烯吸附剂的过程中，向反应体系中加入非极性芳香化合物甲苯，当加入少量甲苯时，吸附剂的比表面积、孔容等变小，但其吸附能力却明显提高；当加入甲苯超过某一量时，其吸附能力又随加入甲苯的量的增加而降低，这说明孔结构和骨架结构共同影响着高度交联聚苯乙烯吸附剂的吸附性能．     

一种新型甘油三酯吸附剂的制备及其对血清中甘油三酯的吸附性能研究

合成了一种新型的甘油三酯吸附剂-磺化羟乙基化交联壳聚糖，用其对血浆中甘油三酯进行吸附．实验结果表明，该吸附剂最高可使血清中的甘油三酯降低76．9％（每克树脂吸附量为6．25mg），而对血清中总蛋白（TP）的吸附较少．     

一种新型甘油三酯吸附剂的制备及其对血清中甘油三酯 …

合成了一种新型的甘油三酯吸附剂－磺化羟乙基化交联壳聚糖，用其血浆中甘油三酯进行吸附，实验结果表明，该吸附剂最高可使血清中的甘油三酯降低７６．９％（每克树脂吸附量为６．２５ｍｇ）而对血清中总蛋白（ＴＰ）的吸附较少。     

低密度脂蛋白吸附剂的研究.Ⅰ.氨基酸残基为配基的吸附剂

本文研究了以羧甲基纤维素和氯甲基化交联聚苯乙烯树脂为载体,以α—氨基酸为配基的吸附剂对血清中低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的选择性吸附。实验结果表明:载体上偶联赖氨酸和亮氨酸的吸附剂有较高的吸附率和选择性。     

免疫吸附剂吸附类风湿因子（RF）

以聚乙烯醇水凝胶为载体，氨基酸为选择性配基，制备亲合性免疫吸附剂，用于清除类风湿性关节炎患者体内的类风湿因子（ＲＦ），实验中对水凝胶载体交联度、选择性配基种类、手臂效应等与吸附及选择性能的关系进行了研究。实验数据表明：当水凝胶交联度为４０％时，联接Ｌ－丝氨酸对ＲＦ具有最好的吸附选择性能。对患者血浆中ＲＦ－ＩｇＭ、ＲＦ－ＩｇＧ、ＲＦ－ＩＧＡ的吸附率分别达到６２．８％、４７．２％、和６０．０％，而对血浆蛋白无吸附。     

含肽侧链仿生高分子吸附剂的合成与性能

模拟β-内酰胺酶结合部位的结构,设计了一系列含肽的仿生高分子吸附剂,用对称酸酐法以固相合成技术将肽段分步接枝在功能基化的交联聚(N,N-二甲基丙烯酰胺)载体上,然后研究了仿生吸附剂对β-内酰胺抗生素氨苄青霉素和头孢噻肟的吸附性能.结果说明,当肽段富含赖氨酸时,相应的吸附剂具有良好的吸附性能,而且证明静电作用和氢键作用在吸附过程中发挥着重要作用.     

Boron adsorption mechanism on polyvinyl alcohol

Recently, an increase in the use of boron compounds has led to an increase in boron emissions, and concern has grown regarding its detrimental effects on the human body. An adsorbent that adsorbs boron selectively has been developed as a countermeasure. Although certain commercially available boron selective adsorbents can be used to remove boron from aqueous solutions by utilizing the strong affinity between boron and hydroxyl groups, the adsorption capacity appears to be insufficient. So, we adopted polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), which contains many hydroxyl groups, as a model adsorbent. We investigated the boron adsorption characteristics of PVA, and then studied the relationship between the number of adsorption sites and actual adsorption amounts. We assessed the adsorption result by using adsorption site availability (ASA) as an indicator of the ratio of effectively functioning hydroxyl groups from the many hydroxyl groups in PVA. ASA was expressed as a percentage of the experimental equilibrium adsorbed amount in relation to the theoretical equilibrium adsorbed amount. We also compared the adsorption isotherms and ASA obtained with PVA, commercially available N-methylglucamine-type resin (CRB03 and CRB05) and the adsorbent we synthesized from polyallylamine (PAA) and glucose (PAA-Glu). Although PVA has many hydroxyl groups in a molecule, ASA analysis revealed that only 6% of the hydroxyl groups in PVA was used for boron adsorption. On the other hand, CRBs and PAA-Glu exhibited higher ASA values (about 15% and 35% respectively) and adsorption amounts, suggesting that the sterically congested adsorbent structure had a great influence on boron adsorption and ASA.     

Polyvinyl alcohol–sulphanilic acid water soluble composite as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in hydrochloric acid medium

The inhibitive action of synthesised polyvinyl alcohol–sulphanilic acid (PVASA) composite on the corrosion of commercial mild steel in 1 M HCl medium has been investigated by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) methods. Characterization of PVASA composite has been carried out using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Experimental results reveal that PVASA composite acts as an inhibitor in the acid environment. The inhibition efficiency increases with an increase in the concentration of the inhibitor. Maximum inhibition efficiency of PVASA composite was found to be 84% at 6000 ppm. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters have been obtained from temperature studies. Electrochemical measurement reveals that PVASA composite acts as a mixed inhibitor and the adsorption follows Langmuir adsorption isotherm.     

一种新型低密度脂蛋白吸附剂的制备

研究表明,人体血浆中低密度脂蛋白(LDL)的含量过高会引起动脉硬化,进而诱发各种心脑血管疾病^[1].近年来,采用血液净化吸附剂去除LDL受到了广泛的关注^[2～10].目前临床上使用的吸附剂主要有固载LDL抗体的琼脂糖吸附剂及固载肝素或磺化葡聚糖的纤维素吸附剂,它们虽有较好的吸附效果,但由于存在配基昂贵、吸附剂成本高及机械强度差等问题,这些吸附剂的应用受到了很大的限制.本文以具有良好机械强度和血液相容性的聚乙烯醇(PVA)大孔珠状树脂为载体,以廉价易得的吲哚-3-乙酸(IAA)为配基,分别以不同长度的多胺为悬臂,制备了一种新型LDL吸附剂,并初步考察了其对LDL的吸附性能.     

Selective removal of caffeine from tea extracts using macroporous crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol adsorbents

The hydrolysis reaction of ester groups in vinyl acetate (VAc) was used to introduce hydroxyl groups into the matrix of a macroporous adsorbent, which was itself prepared by free radical suspension copolymerization of triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC) and VAc. Therefore, the copolymerization incompatibility between the hydrophilic and the hydrophobic monomer was overcome successfully and the hydrophobic matrix of the polymeric adsorbent containing a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) segment was obtained. Introduction of the PVA segment decreased the hydrophobic adsorption affinity of the adsorbent while producing the hydrogen-bonding interaction. When isolating the two active components, polyphenols (TPh) and caffeine (CAF), from green tea extracts, this polymeric adsorbent, namely poly(TAIC-co-VA), exhibited good adsorption selectivity towards TPh over CAF. The adsorption mechanism leading to this selectivity involved a hydrophobic interaction mechanism for CAF and multiple weak hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions for TPh. The adsorption thermodynamics for TPh on poly(TAIC-co-VA) were studied. The effects of adsorbent structure and gradient desorption conditions on isolation were investigated. The result showed that adsorbent, with 20% TAIC content, was able to efficiently remove CAF from different tea extracts with different ratios of TPh and CAF. Finally, almost no CAF was detected in the TPh fraction and the recovery of TPh was greater than 95%.     

稻壳吸附剂提高啤酒稳定性的研究

利用稻壳良好的吸附特性,制备成吸附剂用于提高啤酒的稳定性。稻壳粉碎与稀硫酸混合,240℃密封干馏,再以高温灼烧活化,得到对单宁有较强吸附能力的稻壳吸附剂。以此吸附剂去除啤酒中的部分单宁,以提高酒体的胶体稳定性,试验表明,每100ml啤酒以0．4g吸附剂在15℃下搅拌吸30min,可使酒中单宁量下降16．7％,从而减缓了引起啤酒混浊的缔合反应,使酒体稳定性明显提高。与聚乙烯聚吡咯烷酮比较,具有吸附速度快、吸附单宁更强及成本低廉的优点。     

Utilization of adsorption technique in the development of oral delivery system of lipid based nanoparticles

The objective of the present study was to employ suitable adsorbent with free flowing characteristics for improving the stability and physical properties of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) for oral administration. Stearic acid based nanoparticles of carvedilol phosphate were fabricated by solvent emulsification evaporation technique in sodium taurocholate solution prepared in pH 7.2 buffers (I—KH₂PO₄/NaOH or II—NaH₂PO₄/Na₂HPO₄) with 1% polyvinyl alcohol. Nanoparticles were then adsorbed by passing the nanodispersion through a Neusilin US2 (adsorbent) column. Interestingly, scanning electron microscopy revealed round deformed and even collapsed nanoparticles in Buffer-I and discrete spherical to ellipsoidal nanoparticles in Buffer-II which indicates the inability of nanoemulsion to crystallize and form SLN in Buffer-I. The successful formation of SLN in Buffer-II was confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction. The retention of SLN from the nanodispersion by adsorption on the adsorbent imparted good flow property and resulted in a marked stability improvement of the formulation in terms of drug retention efficiency and release profile as compared to the simple nanosuspension. In conclusion, the adsorbent technology would be instrumental in imparting additional features to the existing conventional colloidal system for pharmaceutical application which would ease the process of capsule filling at industrial scale, simplify the handling of formulations by patients and can significantly improve the shelf life of the product for a longer period of time as compared to liquid formulations.     

Adsorption characteristics of polyvinyl alcohols on modified zeolites

Adsorption characteristics of two types of polyvinyl alcohols (with different polymerization degrees) on faujasite-type zeolites obtained by SiCl₄ treatment as well as by a combined hydrothermal acid treatment were investigated in an aqueous solution. No adsorption of the polyvinyl alcohol with a polymerization degree of 500 was observed on the SiCl₄-treated faujasite without secondary pores in the mesopore region, but adsorption did occur (about 0.11 g g^?1) on the hydrothermal acid-treated faujasite containing secondary pores. On the other hand, the polyvinyl alcohol with a polymerization degree of 2,000 did adsorb on the SiCl₄-treated faujasite. Scanning electron microscopy measurements confirmed that adsorption occurred on the external surface of the zeolite crystals.