Sorption of Nickel Ions from Aqueous Solutions by Ion Exchangers

Sorption of Ni²⁺ions from aqueous solutions by ion exchangers differed in their chemical nature and structure was studied. Based on the endothermic curves of ice melting obtained by a differential scanning calorimetry, the amounts of freezing and non-freezing water present in free volumes (pores) of the studied ion exchangers were calculated. Comparison of results obtained from the kinetic curves of nickel ion sorption with data on differential scanning calorimetry indicates a role of structural factor in the sorption of nickel ions. It was found that, depending on the total amount of freezing and non-freezing water, the KU-2-8 sulfonated cationite is the most preferable ion exchanger for the sorption of nickel ions from aqueous solutions. Therefore, sorbent efficiency in this case is determined by its structure rather than by chemical nature.     

Foam Separation of Nickel and Copper Ions from Dilute Aqueous Solutions

The minimal expenditure of anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate, required for decreasing concentrations of nickel and copper ions to the maximum permissible concentration was determined experimentally. A possibility of selective recovery of nickel ions by foam separation with sodium dodecyl sulfate under conditions of complex formation of copper cations with thiosulfate anions was studied.     

The Analysis of Cobalt in High Purity Nickel for Reactor Neutron Dosimetry by Means of Ion Exchange Combined with ICP-AES and Ion Exchange Combined with GF-AAS

Abstract

This paper describes the determination of Co in two samples of high purity Ni by means of ion-exchange in combination with Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) and by means of Graphite Furnace - Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GF-AAS). These samples were both Nickel metal of 99.75%. nominal purity of which one was in the form of a 0.1 mm thick foil and the other a 0.5 mm diameter wire. The Co content in these; samples was determined in the process of a certification campaign and these samples are intended to serve as reference material for Reactor Neutron Dosimetry. The sample treatment and the detection of Co both via ICP-AES and GF-AAS are discussed. The values obtained for both Nickel samples are in accordance with the later certified value.     

A Study of Concentration Polarization on Ion Exchange Membrane Electrodialysis

The concentration polarization phenomena in ion exchange membrane electrodialysis have been studied with single exchange membrane cell. The limiting current densities of Asahi ion-permselective membranes CK-1 and CK-2, Selemion ion-exchange membranes CMV, AMV, DMV and ASV have been measured with Ag-AgCl reversible electrode in various electrolyte solutions under 25°C and constant flow rate. In sodium chloride solution, the cation exchange membrane is easier to occur concentration polarization than the anion exchange membrane. The limiting current density increases as the concentration of solution increases for the same kind of ion exchange membrane. The experimental limiting current densities of Selemion CMV and AMV in NaCl, KCl, MgCl₂, CaCl₂, BaCl₂, Na₂SO₄, NaOH and HCl aqueous solutions are measured. The results show that the limiting current density increases as the ion mobility and diffusivity increase, and is affected by the transference number of ion. For the mixture of electrolyte solution, there are linear relationship between limiting current density and equivalent fraction of electrolytes.     

Chitosan-Based Materials for the Removal of Nickel Ions from Aqueous Solutions

Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A - Sorption of Ni(II) ions from liquid effluents utilizing chemically modified chitosan; (vanillin, polymer I) and (ortho-vanillin, polymer II) is studied...     

Concentration with Selective Acid Removal from Americium Solutions Using Ion Exchange Membranes

Donnan dialysis and diffusion dialysis techniques are investigated for deacidification and possible concentration of actinide bearing acidic streams. Cation and anion exchange membranes are used in a two compartment dialysis cell to selectively remove acid from americium solutions. Acid concentrations, as high as 8.0M HNO₃ are used and the stability of membranes are ascertained. Possibility of simultaneous deacidification and concentration of acidic americium solutions are indicated by combining simple osmosis with diffusion dialysis. All the experiments are carried out under non stirring conditions at room temperature.     

Ion Exchange Recovery of Platinum(IV) from Hydrochloric Acid Solutions in the Presence of Silver(I)

Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A - The ion exchange sorption of the platinum(IV) chloride complexes in the presence of silver(I) chloro complexes from 2 and 4 M aqueous solutions of...     

Cathodic Deposition of Copper from Dilute Solutions

The cathodic deposition of copper onto stationary and smooth rotating disc electrodes from dilute aqueous solutions [copper(II) concentration up to 100 mg l^{- 1}] was studied     

Biosorption of Metals from Dilute Aqueous Solutions

Dilute aqueous solutions, generated or used by industry, can contain a variety of different metal ions. Various processes are suitable for reclamation of toxic metals and among them, attention is paid here to biosorption. The ability of microorganisms to remove metal ions from solution is a well known phenomenon. Industrial applications of biosorption often make use of dead biomass, which does not require nutrients and can be exposed to environments of high toxicity. Experimental laboratory batch experiments are described for actinomycetes, fungi and for activated sludge, as the metal biosorbents, providing insight into cadmium biosorption. Non-living biomass showed greater binding capacities for cadmium (a priority pollutant) than living biomass. Engineering considerations are central in decisions concerning the commercial future of biosorption and a practical solution is needed for certain problems, such as the efficient separation of metal-loaded biomass.     

Construction and Ion Exchange Properties of Supramolecular Complexes with Organic Ligands and Metal Ions

Supramolecular architectures with specific topologies such as closed threedimensional molecular cages present a large range of applications in material science, medicine and chemical technology.1,2 In the past decades, a number of such frameworks, e.g. M6L4, M12L8 and M18L6, have been synthesized by assembly of organic ligands with transitional metal salts.3-5 However, the M3L2 type cage-like complexes are not well known up to now.6,7 We report herein the generation of M3L2 type cages by tripodal ligands and various metal salts, and the anion exchange, molecular recognition properties of these metallosupramolecular cages.     

Anodic Deposition of Vanadium(V) Oxide from Solutions in the Presence of Nickel Ions

The preparation conditions, properties of the deposits obtained, and the nature of anodic processes occurring in the course of electrolytic deposition of vanadium oxide in the presence of nickel ions from solutions of oxovanadium and nickel sulfates were studied.     

Interaction of Polyacrylic Acid with Copper,Cobalt, and Nickel Ions in Aqueous Solutions

Russian Journal of General Chemistry - Potentiometric and spectrophotometric titration methods were applied to study the relationships in the interaction of polyacrylic acid with copper, cobalt,...     

Electrodialysis of Amino Acid Solutions with Bipolar Ion-Exchange Membranes

Bipolar membranes intended for the generation of hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in order to convert bipolar ions of amino acid into cations or anions migrating through cation- or anion-exchange membranes under a gradient of electric potential applied to the electromembrane system are studied. The transport processes occurring in glycine and sucrose solutions under electrodialysis with bipolar and unipolar ion-exchange membranes are examined. The proposed method permits the separation of a mixture of amino acids and sugars.     

Extraction of L-Lysine from Its Dilute Aqueous Solutions by Rotating Film Pertraction

Removal and concentration of L-lysine in a three liquid phase pertraction system was studied using a laboratory three stage rotating disk pertractor. A 5% (vol) solution of Di-2-ethyl hexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) in normal paraffins was used as an intermediate membrane liquid. The amino acid was extracted from its dilute aqueous solution (feed F) and concentrated in the stripping liquid R—a 1N solution of HCl in water. D2EHPA dissolved in the membrane liquid played the role of a ion exchange carrier. It was found that the most important parameters controlling the efficiency of this continuous pertraction process are the speed of disk rotation and the feed solution flowrate. The counter-current flow arrangement in the apparatus and the high flowrate ratio chosen provided nearly complete removal of solute from the feed as well as a concentrated solution of L-lysine.     

Combined Water and the Ion Exchange Characteristics of Manganese Dioxide Produced by Ozonation

The change in ion exchange properties of manganese dioxide produced by ozonation (OMD) was studied with respect to its preheated temperature. This was performed by heating samples to different temperatures and later, saturating a part of them in aqueous cadmium sulfate solutions. Analyses were practiced on both the cadmium ion exchanged and un-ion exchanged samples. Results showed that the ion exchange reaction followed a stoichiometric relation between the hydrogen and cadmium ions, promoted by the combined water. The molar ratio of combined water to exchanged cadmium was found to be five. X rays and photographs taken in the scanning electron microscope showed that the structure and morphology of the OMD were not modified by the insertion of the cadmium during ion exchange. From the X rays, the structure of the OMD was determined to be of the gamma type. When the samples were heated to 400 and 500 degrees C, the crystal structure changed to beta and finally to Mn2O3, respectively. However, the changes in structure alone apparently did not affect the ion exchange. The surface area, measured by the BET technique, diminished linearly with the preheat temperature. The ion exchanged cadmium and the surface area showed a nonlinear relationship. However, the surface area and the quantity of combined water in the OMD were both linearly affected by preheating and are directly related to the ion exchange capacity. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.     

Macro-Reticular Ion Exchange Resins for Recovery of Direct Dyes from Spent Dyeing and Soaping Liquors

Dyes are a major class of organic pollutants that are well-known for their harmful impact on aquatic life and humans. Several new strategies for removing colours from industrial and residential effluents have recently emerged, with adsorption being the best option. The current study looked at the recovery of direct dyes from aqueous streams for reuse using macro-reticular ion exchange resins (IERs). The investigation includes dyeing single jersey cotton grey textiles with direct dyes from the Isma dye Company in Kafr El Dawar, Egypt. After centrifuging and separating the supernatant liquid, solutions from thirteen different dyes, produced at an average concentration between the wasted and soaping liquor concentrations, were calculated spectrophotometrically from the first dyeing trials. Kinetic data were well fitted with pseudo-second-order rate kinetics. The amounts of dye retained by the anion exchangers increased with a rise in temperature in the case of Strong Base Resin (SBR) and vice versa for Weak Base Resin (WBR). Batch adsorption experiments with SBR and WBR were conducted for each dye, and both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were constructed. It was found that adsorption obeyed both isotherms, that monolayer adsorption took place, and that the dye molecular weight, structure, and solubility, as well as the type of anionic resin used, had varying effects on the extent of absorption. The monolayer sorption capacities Q₀ determined from the Langmuir isotherm model for the strongly and weakly basic anion exchangers were found to be 537.6 and 692 mg/g for Direct Yellow RL, respectively. As a result, Yellow RL exhibited the greatest adsorption on both SBR and WBR. Orange GRLL, Blue 3B, and Congo Red, on the other hand, were the poorest colours absorbed by the IERs, whereas Blue RL demonstrated good adsorption by SBR and accelerated adsorption by WBR. Most of the dyes may be recovered and reused in this manner.     

Reaction of Aluminum with Dilute Aqueous NaOH Solutions

Reaction of aluminum powder and foil with dilute aqueous NaOH solutions was studied. The kinetic characteristics of the process were determined, and its mechanism was discussed.     

Theoretical Study on the Mass Transfer of Metal Ions in Ion Exchange Process

The kinetics of ion exchange between Ca2 , Mg2 , Co(Ⅱ), Cu(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ), Fe(Ⅲ), y3 or Sm3 , respectively, in 0.50 mol/L HC1 and H on macrorecticular sulfonic ion exchange resin and the kinetics of the same reactions (M -H exchange) when Mn(Ⅱ) coexisted in resin phase as accelerating ion were studied. The accelerating effect manifested and its rule are consistent with the accelerating effect theory based on the concept concerned with adsorption electrical double layer which has been suggested in a previous paper published.     

阴离子交换树脂回收水相中有机磷酸萃取剂

研究了阴离子交换树脂对水相中有机磷酸萃取剂的吸附。 通过比较不同的离子交换树脂对水相中2-乙基己基膦酸-单-2-乙基己基酯(P507)的去除率,发现大孔强碱性阴离子交换树脂(D201-OH)从水溶液中去除P507的能力最强,去除率可达99.24%。 而且当溶液在pH=1.0时,D201-OH对P507的吸附主要是分子吸附,其吸附等温线更适用于Langmuir模型;当溶液在pH=5.0时,阴离子交换反应占主导地位,其吸附等温线更适用于Freundlich模型。 研究还表明,D201-OH对P507的吸附在20 min内即达到吸附平衡时99.8%的吸附量。 通过动力学研究表明,拟一级动力学模型(R²>0.99)更适用于描述实验数据,并且吸附速率主要受膜扩散控制。 此外,吸附-解吸附循环8次后,D201-OH的吸附能力仍然保持在93%以上。 综上所述,D201-OH是有机磷酸类萃取剂的良好吸附剂,其吸附性能高效,循环过程稳定,因此可用于实际生产过程中回收有机磷酸萃取剂。