准等熵压缩下金属钽的屈服强度分析

 为分析固体材料的准等熵压缩实验数据,引入了率相关本构方程和流体弹塑性模型,建立了考虑材料强度效应的反积分数据处理方法。利用CQ-1.5磁压驱动装置中多晶钽的准等熵压缩实验数据,对钽的屈服强度和流应力进行了反积分数值模拟和分析,计算了钽的拉格朗日声速和应变率分布情况。得到了钽在准等熵压缩过程中样品内部及加载面上压力和速度的分布及演变规律,获得了30 GPa压力下钽的准等熵屈服强度约为1.85 GPa,准等熵弹性屈服极限约为2.9 GPa。此外,计算得到了与Sandia实验室数据高度吻合的应力-应变曲线和准等熵p-V参考线。     

电磁驱动45钢准等熵压缩的实验研究

在已有的众多准等熵加载技术中,磁驱动准等熵加载技术具有准等熵程度高、压力范围大、实验材料种类多、效费比高等特点。利用中物院流体物理研究所建成的磁驱动准等熵压缩和高速飞片实验装置CQ-1.5(最高加载压力为50GPa),成功开展了45钢的准等熵压缩实验,对装置的主要参数进行了介绍;利用激光干涉测试系统DPS获得了45钢飞片的自由面速度历史,通过反积分处理给出了材料准等熵压缩的p-V关系。通过分析实验数据,获得了45钢3种形式的等熵方程的参数。实验获得的最高等熵压力为47.5GPa。     

激光驱动气库靶对铝的准等熵压缩实验研究

利用激光驱动气库材料形成的等离子体射流对材料进行斜波加载, 可以获得高应变率的准等熵压缩. 在神光III 原型高功率激光装置上开展了激光驱动铝材料的准等熵压缩实验, 成像型速度干涉仪VISAR记录到样品自由面连续、光滑的速度历史, 采用反积分法得到60 GPa以上的峰值压强, 加载上升沿约10 ns,应变率可达10⁸ s ^-1, 并且观察到了压缩波在样品后表面的反射效应.     

整形激光加载的一维准等熵压缩仿真

基于凝聚态物质等熵线推导了理想等熵假设前提下的加载压力和加载激光波形,进而将其作为输入条件,利用辐射流体力学程序MULTI开展了Al材料的一维准等熵压缩仿真,通过材料温度、压强、密度、粒子速度和熵增五个参量描述了准等熵加载的物理过程。结果显示得到了高等熵程度加载过程,可为即将开展的整形激光加载的准等熵实验提供参考。     

基于特征线反演的斜波加载实验数据处理与分析

基于特征线反演法,开展了斜波加载实验的数据处理,对特征线反演法进行了数值验证和不确定度分析;并对磁驱动CQ-4装置上开展的准等熵压缩金属铝台阶靶实验的速度剖面进行了数据反演,通过原位粒子速度和材料声速,积分得到了包含弹-塑性转变过程的应力-应变曲线;此外,对不同反演方法得到的材料弹性屈服极限等进行了比较和分析,进一步论证了不依赖于本构模型的特征线反演分析在斜波加载实验数据处理中的重要性。     

磁驱动斜波压缩实验结果的不确定度分析

磁驱动斜波压缩作为一种新颖的加载技术受到冲击动力学界的关注。对磁驱动斜波压缩实验过程进行了分析,给出了Lagrange正向数据处理的误差传递公式,并对反向积分数据处理的实验不确定度进行了评估。正向分析和反向积分计算得到的实验不确定度一致。磁驱动斜波加载实验获得的材料声速的相对不确定度小于1.5%,应力的相对不确定度小于2.5%,表明磁驱动平面斜波压缩实验技术是一种可靠的精密物理实验技术。     

窗口声阻抗对锆相变动力学的影响

基于磁驱动加载装置CQ-4开展了锆的斜波压缩相变实验,研究了锆样品后表面窗口声阻抗对相变波形的影响.实验结果显示,锆后表面为较低声阻抗窗口(自由面和LiF窗口)时,相变起始对应的特征粒子速度约331.0 m/s,而高阻抗蓝宝石窗口时,特征粒子速度约301.9 m/s,特征速度对应的压力从约9.14 GPa下降到8.27 GPa.相变对应的速度特征拐点是与多种因素相关的实验信息,因此它对应的压力并不是材料属性参数相变压力.结合基于热力学Helmholtz自由能的多相状态方程和非平衡相变动力学方程开展了锆的相变动力学数值模拟研究,相变弛豫时间为30 ns,计算结果与三种情况的实验结果符合良好,可以较好地模拟斜波压缩下锆的弹塑性转变、相变等物理过程.在压力-比容和温度-压力热力学平面,相变前锆的准等熵线与冲击绝热线差异很小,相变后准等熵线都位于冲击绝热线下方,随着压力的增加准等熵线和冲击绝线偏差越来越大,温度-压力平面中在20 GPa时相差约100 K.相变开始后,由于相变引起比容的间断,导致锆的拉氏声速迅速下降约7%,相变完成后拉氏声速恢复到体波声速.     

10 MA多支路汇流装置上钽的强度实验研究

磁驱动准等熵加载技术通过电流产生的磁压力加载材料,加载路径由负载电流波形和负载结构决定。作为应变率介于静高压加载和冲击加载之间的新型实验技术,熵增小、温升低。10 MA装置是典型的多支路汇流装置,包括24个电流支路,可在较大范围内控制负载电流波形,实现mm厚、cm直径样品在不同应变率下的准等熵加载。基于10 MA装置,通过调节负载电流波形实现样品加载路径控制,在一定压力-应变率范围,开展金属钽的强度实验研究,获取了不同厚度金属钽样品的加-卸载波剖面速度历史,分析获得了钽在系列峰值压力下的强度数据,比较了多个加载平台不同加载路径下的强度数据,实验结果与美国圣地亚国家实验室的磁驱动准等熵结果接近（平均应变率都约为10⁵ s⁻¹）,明显高于冲击加载的流动强度,低于准静态加载获取的流动强度,与应变率增高强度会有所下降的理论预测一致。基于多支路汇流装置,未来将可开展更为丰富的材料动力学特性实验研究。

     

聚龙一号装置上铜的准等熵压缩线测量实验研究

以聚龙一号装置为驱动源, 分别结合理论计算和电路模拟, 开展了磁驱动平面加载实验设计和样品加载路径控制, 实现了高电导率无氧铜（OFHC）材料的准等熵压缩。实验中采用现有的波剖面测量实验技术成功测量了两个不同厚度OFHC样品/LiF窗口材料的界面速度历史, 再结合Lagrange分析和反积分计算, 成功获取了铜直到100 GPa的准等熵压缩参考线, 与国外公布的SESAME数据线符合较好。     

聚龙一号装置上铜的准等熵压缩线测量实验研究

以聚龙一号装置为驱动源, 分别结合理论计算和电路模拟, 开展了磁驱动平面加载实验设计和样品加载路径控制, 实现了高电导率无氧铜（OFHC）材料的准等熵压缩。实验中采用现有的波剖面测量实验技术成功测量了两个不同厚度OFHC样品/LiF窗口材料的界面速度历史, 再结合Lagrange分析和反积分计算, 成功获取了铜直到100 GPa的准等熵压缩参考线, 与国外公布的SESAME数据线符合较好。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.