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1.
硝基苯还原羰化反应制备氨基甲酸酯选择性的研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在硝基苯还原羰化反应和还原反应的竞争中,使用高分了载体,加人第二金属 组分,升高反应温度有利于还原羰化反应的进行.并且实现了利用双金属效应,在 不含有机配体的体系中高选择性地进行硝基苯还原羰化反应. 相似文献
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Traditional reductive amination of substituted cyclohexanones are either selective toward the formation of cis-products or show low selectivity. Herein we report a selective procedure for the reductive amination of substituted cyclohexanones with primary amines using lithium borohydride that is selective toward formation of trans-products. 相似文献
3.
The reductive cyclization reaction of a cyanoacetal has been used to prepare the pectenotoxin 2 (PTX-2) AB spiroacetal with high diastereoselectively for the first time. The strategy is convergent and makes use of the axial-selective reductive lithiation of 2-cyano tetrahydropyran rings to introduce the spiroacetal center with the desired non-anomeric selectivity. [reaction: see text]. 相似文献
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Two nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions of alkynes were instrumental in a modular, stereoselective synthesis of amphidinolide T1 (1). The C13-C21 fragment was prepared from two simple starting materials that were joined in a catalytic alkyne-epoxide fragment coupling operation, whereas an intramolecular aldehyde-alkyne reductive coupling simultaneously formed the final carbon-carbon bond of the macrocycle and established the C13 carbinol configuration with complete selectivity in the desired fashion. 相似文献
6.
《中国科学:化学(英文版)》2017,(7)
The reductive transformation of CO_2 to energy related products including formic acid, CO, formamide, methanol and methylamine could be a promising option to supply renewable energy. In this aspect, ruthenium has found wide application in hydrogenation of various carbonyl groups, and has successfully been applied to reductive transformation of CO_2 with high catalytic efficiency and excellent selectivity. In addition, ruthenium complexes have also served as effective photosensitizers for CO_2 photoreduction.Classified by reductive products, this review summarizes and updates advances in the Ru-catalyzed reduction of CO_2 along with catalyst development on the basis of mechanistic understanding at a molecular level. 相似文献
7.
Described in this work are total syntheses of amphidinolides T1 and T4 using two nickel-catalyzed reductive coupling reactions of alkynes, with an epoxide in one case (intermolecular) and with an aldehyde in another (intramolecular). The latter was used to effect a macrocyclization, form a C-C bond, and install a stereogenic center with >10:1 selectivity in both natural product syntheses. Alternative approaches in which intermolecular alkyne-aldehyde reductive coupling reactions would serve to join key fragments were investigated and are also discussed; it was found that macrocyclization (i.e. intramolecular alkyne-aldehyde coupling) was superior in several respects (diastereoselectivity, yield, and length of syntheses). Alkyne-epoxide reductive couplings were instrumental in the construction of key fragments corresponding to approximately half of the molecule of both natural products. In one case (T4 series), the alkyne-epoxide coupling exhibited very high site selectivity in a coupling of a diyne. A model for the stereoselectivity observed in the macrocyclizations is also proposed. 相似文献
8.
The palladium-catalyzed reductive cleavage of alkyl aryl sulfides to afford the corresponding arenes in high yield, which is both accelerated and exhibits increased functional group selectivity in the presence of TMSCl, is described. This ligand-free reaction features mild conditions, easy operation, use of readily available reagents, and high functional group selectivity. 相似文献
9.
A. V. Zatirakha A. D. Smolenkov O. A. Shpigun 《Moscow University Chemistry Bulletin》2011,66(3):161-165
New anion exchangers with the trimethylammonium functional group were prepared as a result of three-step synthesis involving
the acylation of styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer with 25% cross-linking, the reductive amination of carbonyl groups, and
subsequent methylation. Two methods of reductive amination were studied, and optimal conditions for this process were chosen.
Chromatographic properties of the adsorbents were examined in a mode of ion chromatography with suppressed background conductivity
and conductometric detection. The obtained anion exchangers demonstrated good selectivity, and the maximum efficiency was
30000 TP/m. 相似文献
10.
The synthesis of secondary and tertiary amines through the reductive amination of carbonyl compounds is one of the most significant reactions in synthetic chemistry. Asymmetric reductive amination for the formation of chiral amines, which are required for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and other bioactive molecules, is often achieved through transition metal catalysis, but biocatalytic methods of chiral amine production have also been a focus of interest owing to their selectivity and sustainability. The discovery of asymmetric reductive amination by imine reductase (IRED) and reductive aminase (RedAm) enzymes has served as the starting point for a new industrial approach to the production of chiral amines, leading from laboratory-scale milligram transformations to ton-scale reactions that are now described in the public domain. In this perspective we trace the development of the IRED-catalyzed reductive amination reaction from its discovery to its industrial application on kg to ton scale. In addition to surveying examples of the synthetic chemistry that has been achieved with the enzymes, the contribution of structure and protein engineering to the understanding of IRED-catalyzed reductive amination is described, and the consequent benefits for activity, selectivity and stability in the design of process suitable catalysts.IRED-catalyzed reductive aminations have progressed from mg to ton scale, through advances in enzyme discovery, protein engineering and process biocatalysis. 相似文献
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The process of the reductive amination of aldehydes or ketones in the presence of ammonia using unsupported ultra-thin Pt nanowires has been developed. This catalytic system shows high activity and selectivity under mild reaction conditions. 相似文献
13.
Weixin Zheng Yangfeng Wu Fenfen Zheng Linfeng Hu Ya Hong 《Tetrahedron letters》2010,51(36):4702-11640
α-Methylenyl zirconacyclopentenes are synthesized regio- and stereoselectively via reductive intermolecular cross-coupling of alkynes and allenes promoted by zirconocene species ‘Cp2Zr’. An interesting reductive intramolecular coupling of the α-methylenyl zirconacyclopentene has been observed in the presence of DMAD/CuCl, resulting in the generation of cyclobutene with an exocyclic double bond. Polysubstituted 1,4-dienes can be given with high selectivity and good yields. 相似文献
14.
Nickel-catalyzed, intramolecular and intermolecular reductive coupling of alkynes and epoxides affords synthetically useful homoallylic alcohols of defined alkene geometry. Very high regioselectivity is generally observed, and cyclizations proceed with complete selectivity for endo epoxide opening. This catalytic reaction represents the first use of a non-pi-based electrophile in a growing class of nickel-catalyzed, multicomponent coupling reactions, and is the first catalytic method of reductive coupling of alkynes and epoxides that is effective for both intermolecular and intramolecular cases, and mechanistically distinct from these, possibly involving a nickella(II)oxetane. 相似文献
15.
Lambers M Beijer FH Padron JM Toth I de Vries JG 《The Journal of organic chemistry》2002,67(14):5022-5024
The four naturally occurring cinchona alkaloids were subjected to hydroformylation to create an extra functional group that allows immobilization. Cinchonidine, quinine, and quinidine, could be hydroformylated with virtually complete terminal selectivity, using a rhodium/tetraphosphite catalyst. The cinchonidine aldehyde was reduced to the alcohol and subjected to reductive amination with benzylamine. 相似文献
16.
Paddon CA Bhatti FL Donohoe TJ Compton RG 《Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)》2006,(32):3402-3404
A series of single electron-transfer (SET) reactions on a naphthyl thioether have shown that the reductive cleavage mechanism changes at low temperatures and this selectivity is proved using an electrochemical analysis that mimics the SET reaction conditions. 相似文献
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Several cinnamyloxy carbamates and carbonates were subjected to electrochemical reduction, and the reductive fate of the cinnamyl group was investigated. Complete selectivity was observed in the removal of the cinnamyl group from oxygen versus nitrogen. 相似文献
19.
Synthesis of Bridged Benzazocines and Benzoxocines by a Titanium‐Catalyzed Double‐Reductive Umpolung Strategy
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Plamen Bichovski Thomas M. Haas Dr. Daniel Kratzert Dr. Jan Streuff 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2015,21(6):2339-2342
A sequence of two titanium(III)‐catalyzed reductive umpolung reactions is reported that allows the rapid construction of benzazo‐ and benzoxozine building blocks. The first step is a reductive cross‐coupling of quinolones or chromones with Michael acceptors. This reaction proceeds with complete syn‐selectivity for the quinolone functionalization while the anti‐diastereomers are obtained as the major products from chromones. With different reaction conditions, the stereochemical outcome can be altered to afford the syn‐chromanone products as well. A subsequent reductive ketyl radical cyclization forges the tricyclic title compounds in good yields. A stereochemical model explaining the observed stereoselectivities is provided and the product configurations were unambiguously verified by X‐ray analyses and 2D NMR spectroscopic experiments. 相似文献
20.
This computational study investigates the factors governing the selectivity of the reductive eliminations from rapidly equilibrating isomeric λ(3)-iodanes derived from a diaryl iodonium salt and a nucleophile. The chemoselectivity is mainly determined by the partial charge at the ipso-carbon atom involved in the 3-center-4-electron bond. 相似文献