Magnetic properties of Pd atomic chains formed during submonolayer deposition of 3d metals on Pd(110)

Recently, an unusual intermixing-driven scenario for the growth of atomic Pd chains on a Pd(110) surface during deposition of 3d metal atoms has been predicted (Stepanyuk 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 155410) and confirmed by STM and STS experiments (Wie et al 2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 103 225504). Performing ab initio calculations we demonstrate that Pd atomic chains grown above embedded Fe atoms exhibit magnetic properties which depend on the substrate mediated exchange interaction between the Fe atoms.     

The mechanism of producing energy-polarization entangled photon pairs in the cavity-quantum electrodynamics scheme

We investigate theoretically two photon entanglement processes in a photonic-crystal cavity embedding a quantum dot in the strong-coupling regime. The model proposed by Johne et al. (Johne R, Gippius N A, Pavlovic G, Solnyshkov D D, Shelykh I A and Malpuech G 2008 Phys. Rev. Lett. 100 240404), and by Robert et al. (Robert J, Gippius N A and Malpuech G 2009 Phys. Rev. B 79 155317) is modified by considering irreversible dissipation and incoherent continuous pumping for the quantum dot, which is necessary to connect the realistic experiment. The dynamics of the system is analysed by employing the Born–Markov master equation, through which the spectra for the system are computed as a function of various parameters. By means of this analysis the photon-reabsorption process in the strong-coupling regime is first observed and analysed from the perspective of radiation spectrum and the optimal parameters for observing energy-entangled photon pairs are identified.     

Spin nematic order in multiple-spin exchange models on the triangular lattice

We figure out that the ground state of a multiple-spin exchange model applicable to thin films of solid {3}He possesses an octahedral spin nematic order. In the presence of a magnetic field, it is deformed into an antiferroquadrupolar order in the perpendicular spin plane, in which lattice Z{3} rotational symmetry is also broken. Furthermore, this system shows a narrow magnetization plateau at half, m/m{sat}=1/2, which resembles recent magnetization measurements [H. Nema et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 075301 (2009)].     

Superfluid to Mott-insulator transition in Bose-Hubbard models

We study the superfluid-insulator transition in Bose-Hubbard models in one-, two-, and three-dimensional cubic lattices by means of a recently proposed variational wave function. In one dimension, the variational results agree with the expected Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless scenario of the interaction-driven Mott transition. In two and three dimensions, we find evidence that, across the transition, most of the spectral weight is concentrated at high energies, suggestive of preformed Mott-Hubbard sidebands. This result is compatible with the experimental data by Stoferle et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 130403 (2004)].     

Three-Dimensional Quantum State Transferring Between Two Remote Atoms by Adiabatic Passage under Dissipation

Recently, Zhou et al. [Phys. Rev. A 79 (2009) 044304]proposed a scheme for transferring three-dimensional quantum statesbetween remote atomic qubits confined in cavities connected byfibers through adiabatic passage. In order to avoid the decoherencedue to spontaneous emission, Zhou et al. utilized the large detuningatom-field interaction. In the present paper, we discuss theinfluence of dissipation on the scheme in both the resonantatom-field interaction case and the large detuning case. Wenumerically analyze the success probability and the transferringfidelity. It is shown that the resonant case is a preferable choicefor the technique of the stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP)due to the shorter operation time and the smaller probability of dissipation.     

Dense loops,supersymmetry, and Goldstone phases in two dimensions

Loop models in two dimensions can be related to O(N) models. The low-temperature dense-loops phase of such a model, or of its reformulation using a supergroup as symmetry, can have a Goldstone broken-symmetry phase for N<2. We argue that this phase is generic for -2相似文献   

Polydispersity stabilizes biaxial nematic liquid crystals

Inspired by the observations of a remarkably stable biaxial nematic phase [van?den?Pol et?al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 258301 (2009)], we investigate the effect of size polydispersity on the phase behavior of a suspension of boardlike particles. By means of Onsager theory within the restricted orientation (Zwanzig) model we show that polydispersity induces a novel topology in the phase diagram, with two Landau tetracritical points in between which oblate uniaxial nematic order is favored over the expected prolate order. Additionally, this phenomenon causes the opening of a huge stable biaxiality regime in between uniaxial nematic and smectic states.     

On Coulomb drag in double layer systems

We argue, for a wide class of systems including graphene, that in the low temperature, high density, large separation and strong screening limits the drag resistivity behaves as d(-4), where d is the separation between the two layers. The results are independent of the energy dispersion relation, the dependence on momentum of the transport time, and the electronic wave function structure. We discuss how a correct treatment of the electron-electron interactions in an inhomogeneous dielectric background changes the theoretical analysis of the experimental drag results of Kim et?al (2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 161401). We find that a quantitative understanding of the available experimental data (Kim et?al 2011 Phys. Rev. B 83 161401) for drag in graphene is lacking.     

Nonsymmetrized Hyperspherical Harmonics with Realistic NN Potentials

The Schrödinger equation is solved for an A-nucleon system using an expansion of the wave function in nonsymmetrized hyperspherical harmonics. Our approach is based on the formalism developed by Gattobigio et al. (Phys Rev A 79:032513, 2009; Few-Body Syst 45:127, 2009; Phys Rev C 83:024001, 2011), where it was applied to four- and six-body systems using central and central spin dependent potentials. In addition we include isospin dependence and noncentral forces in order to be able to make calculations also with more realistic NN potential models. Furthermore, a more efficient procedure to determine the fermionic spectrum is used. The approach is applied to four- and six-body nuclei (⁴He,⁶Li) with various NN potential models including for ⁴He the realistic AV18 potential. It is shown that the results for ground-state energy and radius agree well with those from the literature.     

Long-lived excited states at surfaces: Cs/Cu(111) and Cs/Cu(100) systems

One-electron and multielectron contributions to the decay of transient states in the Cs/Cu(111) and (100) systems are studied by a joined wave-packet propagation and many-body metal response approach. The long lifetime of these states is due to the Cu L and X band gaps which reduce the electron tunneling between Cs and Cu. In the (111) case, the decay is mainly by inelastic e-e interaction, whereas in the (100) case, electron tunneling is dominating. This accounts very well for the experimental findings [Bauer et al., Phys. Rev. B 55, 10 040 (1997) and Ogawa et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 82, 1931 (1999)].     

Analysis of ultrafast X-ray diffraction data in a linear-chain model of the lattice dynamics

We present ultrafast X-ray diffraction (UXRD) experiments which sensitively probe impulsively excited acoustic phonons propagating in a SrRuO₃/SrTiO₃ superlattice and further into the substrate. These findings are discussed together with previous UXRD results (Herzog et al. in Appl. Phys. Lett. 96, 161906, 2010; Woerner et al. in Appl. Phys. A 96, 83, 2009; v. Korff Schmising in Phys. Rev. B 78, 060404(R), 2008 and in Appl. Phys. B 88, 1, 2007) using a normal-mode analysis of a linear-chain model of masses and springs, thus identifying them as linear-response phenomena. We point out the direct correspondence of calculated observables with X-ray signals. In this framework the complex lattice motion turns out to result from an interference of vibrational eigenmodes of the coupled system of nanolayers and substrate. UXRD in principle selectively measures the lattice motion occurring with a specific wavevector, however, each Bragg reflection only measures the amplitude of a delocalized phonon mode in a spatially localized region, determined by the nanocomposition of the sample or the extinction depth of X-rays. This leads to a decay of experimental signals although the excited modes survive.     

Density functional investigations on structural and electronic properties of anionic and neutral sodium clusters Na(N) (N = 40-147): comparison with the experimental photoelectron spectra

Density functional calculations have been carried out to obtain low energy equilibrium geometries of anionic and neutral sodium clusters over a wide range of sizes 40 ≤ N ≤ 147, where N is the number of atoms. An exhaustive search for the low energy equilibrium geometries has been carried out. The density of states of the lowest energy geometries are compared with the experimental photoelectron spectra (Huber et al 2009 Phys. Rev. B 80 235425; Kostko et al 2007 Phys. Rev. Lett.98 043401) for N > 41. The agreement between theory and experiment is good for almost all the clusters and the changes in the spectrum with size correlate very well with the changes in the shapes as observed in the evolutionary trend of the ground state geometries.     

Functional renormalization group approach to the singlet-triplet transition in quantum dots

We present a functional renormalization group approach to the zero bias transport properties of a quantum dot with two different orbitals and in the presence of Hund's coupling. Tuning the energy separation of the orbital states, the quantum dot can be driven through a singlet-triplet transition. Our approach, based on the approach by Karrasch et?al (2006 Phys. Rev. B 73 235337), which we apply to spin-dependent interactions, recovers the key characteristics of the quantum dot transport properties with very little numerical effort. We present results on the conductance in the vicinity of the transition and compare our results both with previous numerical renormalization group results and with predictions of the perturbative renormalization group.     

Lattice calculations of the photoionization of Li

Calculations are presented for the double photoionization (with excitation) and triple photoionization of the Li atom. The motion of all three electrons is treated equally by solving the time-dependent Schr?dinger equation in nine dimensions. A radial lattice is used to represent three of the nine dimensions, while a coupled channel expansion is used to represent the other six dimensions. Probabilities for photoionization are obtained by t--> infinity projection onto fully antisymmetric spatial and spin functions. Double photoionization cross sections for lithium leaving the ion in the 1s, 2s, and 2p states are presented. Good agreement is found with the measurements of Huang et al. [Phys. Rev. A 59, 3397 (1999)]] for the total double photoionization cross section and with the measurements of Wehlitz et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 1813 (1998)]] for the triple photoionization cross section.     

An Alternative Approach to Understanding the Observed Positron Fraction

Space-based observations by PAMELA (Adriani et al., Nature 458, 607, 2009), Fermi-LAT (Ackerman et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 01103, 2012), and AMS (Aguilar et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 110, 141102, 2013) have demonstrated that the positron fraction (e+/total-e) increases with increasing energy above about 10 GeV. According to the propagation model for Galactic cosmic rays in widespread use (Moskalenko & Strong, Astrophys. J. 493, 693, 1998), the production of secondary positrons from interaction of cosmic-ray protons and heavier nuclei with the interstellar medium gives a generally falling positron fraction between 10 and 100 GeV, with secondary positrons accounting for only ～20 % of the observed positron fraction at 100 GeV; so some other physical phenomena have been proposed to explain the data. An alternative approach to interpreting the positron observations is to consider these data as presenting an opportunity for re-examining models of Galactic cosmic-ray propagation. Following release of the PAMELA data, three groups published propagation models (Shaviv, et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 111302, 2009, Cowsik and Burch, Phys. Rev. D. 82, 023009, 2010, Katz et al., Mon. Not. R. Aston. Soc. 405, 1458 2010) in which the observed positron fraction is explained entirely by secondary positrons produced in the interstellar medium. In May of this year, stimulated by the AMS extension of the positron data to higher energy with excellent statistics, two of those groups presented further development of their calculations (Cowsik et al. 2013, Blum et al. 2013), again concluding that the observed positrons can be understood as secondaries. None of the authors of these five papers was registered for the 33rd International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC). Although I am not an author of any of these papers, I have some close familiarity with one of these recent papers, so the conference organizers invited me to bring this alternative approach to the attention of the conference. The present paper is a summary of the material I presented, along with a brief comment about reaction at the conference to this approach.     

Shape Coexistence for 179Hg in Relativistic Mean-Field Theory

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Comment on breakup densities of hot nuclei

In [V.E. Viola et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 (2004) 132701, D.S. Bracken et al., Phys. Rev. C 69 (2004) 034612] the observed decrease in spectral peak energies of IMFs emitted from hot nuclei was interpreted in terms of a breakup density that decreased with increasing excitation energy. Subsequently, Raduta et al. [Ad. Raduta et al., Phys. Lett. B 623 (2005) 43] performed MMM simulations that showed decreasing spectral peaks could be obtained at constant density. In this Letter we point out that this apparent inconsistency is due to a selective comparison of theory and data that overlooks the evolution of the fragment multiplicities as a function of excitation energy.     

Aharonov-Bohm Effect and High-Velocity Estimates of Solutions to the Schr?dinger Equation

The Aharonov-Bohm effect is a fundamental issue in physics that has been extensively studied in the literature and is discussed in most of the textbooks in quantum mechanics. The issues at stake are what are the fundamental electromagnetic quantities in quantum physics, if magnetic fields can act at a distance on charged particles and if the magnetic potentials have a real physical significance. The Aharonov-Bohm effect is a very controversial issue. From the experimental side the issues were settled by the remarkable experiments of Tonomura et?al. (Phys Rev Lett 48:1443?C1446, 1982; Phys Rev Lett 56:792?C795, 1986) with toroidal magnets that gave a strong experimental evidence of the physical existence of the Aharonov-Bohm effect, and by the recent experiment of Caprez et?al. (Phys Rev Lett 99:210401, 2007) that shows that the results of the Tonomura et?al. experiments can not be explained by the action of a force. Aharonov and Bohm (Phys Rev 115:485-491, 1959) proposed an Ansatz for the solution to the Schr?dinger equation in simply connected regions of space where there are no electromagnetic fields. It consists of multiplying the free evolution by the Dirac magnetic factor. The Aharonov-Bohm Ansatz predicts the results of the experiments of Tonomura et?al. and of Caprez et?al. Recently in Ballesteros and Weder (Math Phys 50:122108, 2009) we gave the first rigorous proof that the Aharonov-Bohm Ansatz is a good approximation to the exact solution for toroidal magnets under the conditions of the experiments of Tonomura et?al. We provided a rigorous, simple, quantitative, error bound for the difference in norm between the exact solution and the Aharonov-Bohm Ansatz. In this paper we prove that these results do not depend on the particular geometry of the magnets and on the velocities of the incoming electrons used on the experiments, and on the gaussian shape of the wave packets used to obtain our quantitative error bound. We consider a general class of magnets that are a finite union of handlebodies. Each handlebody is diffeomorphic to a torus or a ball, and some of them can be patched though the boundary. We formulate the Aharonov-Bohm Ansatz that is appropriate to this general case and we prove that the exact solution to the Schr?dinger equation is given by the Aharonov-Bohm Ansatz up to an error bound in norm that is uniform in time and that decays as a constant divided by v ^?? , 0 < ?? <?1, with v the velocity. The results of Tonomura et?al., of Caprez et?al., our previous results and the results of this paper give a firm experimental and theoretical basis to the existence of the Aharonov-Bohm effect and to its quantum nature. Namely, that magnetic fields act at a distance on charged particles, and that this action at a distance is carried by the circulation of the magnetic potential which gives a real physical significance to magnetic potentials.