视觉极限衬比测试仪设计

本文介绍了人眼视觉极限衬比测试仪的原理、设计方法、功能及主要参数.其主要原理是在主光路和辅助光路中分别置一偏振片,其偏振方向相互垂直.旋转组合光路中的检偏镜,即可得到可供观察用的变衬比鉴别率图象.文章指出,使用这种仪器检测人眼视觉衬比的良好结果表明,新仪器研制是成功的.     

可获得高衬比干涉条纹的实时全息记录方法

本文提出了一种可以获得高衬比的实时全息记录方法,它通过分析所记录的第一张实时全息图来获得拍摄最佳衬比实时全息图的拍摄参数,文中指出了拍摄最佳衬比实时全息图需要满足的条件,给出了理论分析和实验验证,实验结果与理论相符甚好,对于透明物体的实时法全息图.条纹衬比可接近最佳值1.     

相衬显微镜衬比的分析

本文详细讨论了制约相衬显微镜衬比的各种因素,并针对不同的被观察样本提出了合适的观察方法。首先,叙述了相衬显微镜和暗场显微镜的基本原理,并根据观察时的实际情况,定义了衬比Fc.然后,分纯相位物体和既有振幅变化又有相位变化的物体两种情况,对影响衬比的各种因素进行了详细讨论,得出了相衬显微镜的衬比最大的条件,并比较了各种条件下相衬显微镜和暗场显微镜的灵敏度,从中得出:在观察弱纯相位变化的物体时,相衬显微镜要比暗场显微镜有效些;在观察既有振幅变化又有相位变化的物体时,相衬显微镜和暗场显微镜要比明场显微镜有效些,但视场中的光强变化已是物体的振幅变化和相位变化的混合效应,而不能单独反映出相位变化。     

机电耦合系数和复阻抗对压电换能器脉冲波形的影响

在地震模型实验中,需要指向性均匀、脉冲持续时间短的低频压电换能器。实验发现,具有匹配背衬的换能器发射脉冲的视周期总是比无背衬的长;向水中辐射的脉冲波形比向细棒中辐射的复杂。但没见过对这些现象的详细解释。 本文仅从基本压电万程和梅森等效电路出发,计算了长度模压电换能器的传递函数,并用数值方法计算了机电耦合系数k_(33)和复阻抗对长度模压电换能器脉冲波形的影响。结果表明具有匹配背衬的换能器k_(33)越大,其“单极”脉宽越宽;且复阻抗使脉冲波形变复杂。我们进行了复阻抗对脉冲波形影响的实验,计算和实验基本符合。在一定的近似条件下,可作为设计和使用脉冲压电换能器的参考。     

X射线光栅相位成像的理论和方法

通过对X射线光栅相位衬度成像实验装置的理论分析,提出了光栅位移曲线的表达式,推导出了X射线光栅相位衬度成像方程.根据该成像方程,提出了基于光栅成像相位提取方法.这些理论结果将简化光栅相位衬度成像实验步骤,提高信息获取效率,并为X射线光栅相位衬度成像和计算机断层成像的结合,进一步提出光栅相位衬度CT的简化理论奠定基础. 关键词： X射线 相位衬度成像 光栅衍射 Talbot效应     

立体图像质量的主观评价方案

立体图像质量评价在立体图像压缩、处理以及通信领域中有着十分重要的作用,一种好的立体图像质量客观评价方法也要依赖于立体图像的主观评价.本文基于人眼的立体视觉特性,提出了相对完整的立体图像质量主观评价方案,该方案主要分为立体图像库的建立、评测者的选择、观看条件的描述、评测者的训练和测试、数据处理和实验结果分析六个方面.实验中,评测者根据自己的主观感受,对所选取的立体图像进行评分,最后用数理统计理论对所得数据进行处理.结果表明,本文所提出的主观评价方案可行,能够正确反映立体图像质量的优劣.     

立体图像质量的主观评价方案

立体图像质量评价在立体图像压缩、处理以及通信领域中有着十分重要的作用,一种好的立体图像质量客观评价方法也要依赖于立体图像的主观评价.本文基于人眼的立体视觉特性,提出了相对完整的立体图像质量主观评价方案,该方案主要分为立体图像库的建立、评测者的选择、观看条件的描述、评测者的训练和测试、数据处理和实验结果分析六个方面.实验中,评测者根据自己的主观感受,对所选取的立体图像进行评分,最后用数理统计理论对所得数据进行处理.结果表明,本文所提出的主观评价方案可行,能够正确反映立体图像质量的优劣.     

基于灰度相关的红外隐身效果评价方法研究

提出了一种基于图像灰度相关算法的红外隐身效果评价方法.通过对采用红外隐身措施前后目标图像的相关处理,提取相关峰的峰显著系数、峰.相关能量比和峰-背景比这三个特征参量来定义红外隐身概率作为衡量红外隐身效果的客观评价指标.采用人眼对红外热图进行判识的统计结果来确定红外隐身概率中各参量的统计权重,从而使计算机图像处理方法所得结果与实际人眼的主观判识结果一致.实验结果表明:此方法适用于对地面典型军事目标的红外隐身效果进行客观评价.     

声品质主观评价的分组成对比较法研究

声品质主观评价实验中,大样本量的成对比较法评价实验由于评价时间随样本量的平方增长而变得难以实现,为此提出了可有效减少评价工作量并使得实验易于实现的分组成对比较法。将总体评价样本分成具有相互联系的n个样本组分别进行主观评价,通过各组间的关联样本将各组的评价结果进行反演构建,得到总体样本的评价结果,进而分析其声品质特征。以车内噪声为例,介绍了分组成对比较法的实现方法,并与传统成对比较法以及语义细分法实验结果进行了对比分析,两者结果获得较好的一致性,证明了分组成对比较主观评价实验方法的有效性。     

灰度夜视融合图像质量结构相似度评价方法

针对灰度夜视融合图像质量评价问题,提出利用构造的参考图像与融合图像进行结构相似度比较的客观评价方法.分别利用均值、标准差、熵、平均梯度及空间频率等全像素统计指标作为构建参考图像的构造因子,利用权重协调输入源图像在参考图像中的比例关系,获得了融合图像质量加权结构相似度评价模型.考虑到结构相似度评价模型中的结构函数对于严重模糊或失真的图像不能很好地反映图像的结构变化,进一步提出了梯度结构相似度评价模型和平均联合熵结构相似度评价模型.利用主观评价实验比较提出的三种基于结构相似度的融合图像质量评价模型发现,平均联合熵结构相似度评价模型有更好的稳定性且更接近人眼主观感受.     

Ghost telescope and ghost Fourier telescope with thermal light

As important observation tools, telescopes are very useful in remote observations. We report a proof-of-principle experimental demonstration of ghost telescope scheme and show that, by measuring the intensity correlation of two light fields and only changing the position of the detector in the reference path, ghost telescope and ghost Fourier telescope can be obtained even if a single-pixel detector is fixed in Fresnel region of the object. Differences between conventional telescope and ghost telescope are also discussed.     

基于深度神经网络的镜片佩戴舒适度研究

为了客观评价镜片佩戴舒适度,研究设计眼动实验,利用眼动仪采集并分析眼动数据,提出"眼睑间距变动百分比"作为镜片佩戴舒适度评价指标之一,再结合其他传统眼动指标,设计了一种基于深度神经网络的镜片佩戴舒适度评价模型.结果 表明提出的眼睑间距变动百分比指标用于评价镜片佩戴舒适度具有良好的效果,最终构建的深度神经网络模型预测准确...     

基于功率谱的反射镜面形评价

针对表面高度均方根（RMS）难以描述大尺度波动以及刚体位移鲁棒性差的缺点,提出了使用功率谱（PSD）对大口径望远镜系统中主反射镜面形进行评价;结合Zernike多项式,对PSD的分解运算进行了分析,讨论了Zernike多项式的频谱能量分布;将该方法用于Φ500 mm反射镜面形检测数据的处理,得出实际反射镜表面面形频域能量分布情况。结果表明：对于大口径反射镜,使用PSD的评价方式对于指导加工检测以及望远镜系统误差的分配具有更实用的意义。最后,基于PSD提出了一种评价反射镜面形的子孔径非相关拼接方法,该方法适用于大口径望远镜中大口径光学元件的面形精度评价。     

基于改进对比度的有限离散剪切波图像融合

为了提高多聚焦图像的融合精度,结合有限离散剪切波变换(FDST)良好的局部化特性及平移不变性,提出了一种基于有限离散剪切波变换与改进对比度相结合的图像融合新算法。对经过严格配准后的多聚焦图像进行FDST分解,得到低频子带系数和不同尺度不同方向的高频子带系数;对低频子带系数采用区域平均能量匹配度自适应融合算法,高频子带系数的选取则根据低频与高频系数关联得到的对比度进行融合;应用有限离散剪切波逆变换重构得到融合图像,并对融合结果进行主观视觉和客观评价。通过仿真实验,算法在主观视觉效果上有着明显的优越性。在不同融合算法比较的融合结果中,熵值、互信息量和边缘相似度分别平均提高了1.4%、34.6%和8.0%,各项客观评价指标优于其他算法。     

Development of spatial coherence from an extended source in successive rotational shearing interferometers for achromatic stellar coronagraphy

We propose a new scheme of an achromatic nulling interferometer-coronagraph to gain a higher contrast in the star-planet model. Two successive rotational shearing interferometers improve the interference contrast limited by insufficient spatial coherence of a physically extended source, a star. The theory and simulations have been confirmed by an experiment. The theoretical value of the coronagraphic contrast has been improved from 10⁴ to 10¹⁰ for an angular size of the extended source of 10^?2λ/D, where λ is the wave-length and D is the telescope’s aperture diameter.     

Sound quality evaluation of vehicle suspension shock absorber rattling noise based on the Wigner–Ville distribution

In this paper, a new sound metric–Sound Metric based on the Wigner–Ville distribution (SMWVD) – was developed to investigate the relationship between subjective evaluations and vehicle suspension shock absorber rattling noise, which substantially affects passengers’ psychological and physiological perceptions. A complete vehicle road test was conducted to measure the interior shock absorber noises, which were subjectively evaluated by 20 jurors. Conventional psychoacoustic indices, i.e. loudness, sharpness, roughness and fluctuation strength, were used to calculate the correlation coefficients between the objective and subjective evaluations, and then, the results were compared with the performance of the SMWVD. The results show that conventional sound metrics have poor relationships with the subjective ratings, while the SMWVD displayed a high correlation of >0.9 between the objective evaluation and the subjective evaluation. These results indicate that the SMWVD can be used to estimate the rattling noise index of a suspension shock absorber without jury evaluation.     

一种复合型空间软X射线--极紫外波段望远镜设计

根据空间对日观测的需要,提出了一种复合型宽波段范围的软X射线———极紫外望远镜的设计方案。该望远镜是把小结构尺寸的卡塞格林型极紫外波段正入射望远镜放置在软X射线波段,并由常用的Wolter Ⅰ型掠入射望远镜的中心部分组成。在软X射线和极紫外波段具有相同的焦距和视场角,共同使用同一个探测器,外形尺寸与相同指标的掠入射型望远镜一致,且在极紫外波段具有较高的角分辨率和光谱分辨率,适合于在空间进行对日观测使用。     

A simulation of the thermal behaviour of the UK-NL millimeter wave telescope

To keep the thermally induced average telescope deformations within 15 m, a thermal design goal has been set which limits the temperature difference between all locations in the panels, backing structure and subframe to 1°C. Temperature gradients are caused by non-homogeneous exposure and by difference in response to a changing exposure for elements with different time constants.Thermal model simulations are used to identify the critical elements in the thermal design of telescope and enclosure. It is shown that an enclosure with a highly reflective paint with high infrared emissivity on the outside surface and an inside zinc coating with low infrared emissivity works as a highly effective radiation shield. A sprayed aluminium coating on the telescope makes free convection the dominant heat transfer mechanism. An enclosure with louvres works as a chimney forcing the inside air temperature to follow the ambient temperature to within a few degrees. The resulting temperature stratification in the area where the telescope reflector is located does not exceed 1.5°C. Structural analysis shows that temperature gradients in the subframe cause reflector surface deformations with a regular pattern, like gravitational deformations, which means that an error budget summation based on independent rms values is not necessarily valid. Knowing the structural analysis coefficients for differential thermal expansion one can decide which time constants in backing structure and subframe have to be matched to achieve optimal performance.     

Fidelity evaluation of metallic luster in six-band high-dynamic-range imaging

This paper presents subjective evaluation results for images reproducing metallic luster. The images were produced by a six-band high-dynamic-range imaging technique, which provides high color fidelity and the capability of various tone mapping operations. The preferences for images produced by four kinds of tone mapping operations were evaluated by means of a paired comparison method under the conditions that observers could or could not refer to real scenes. The evaluation results indicated that preferences for images depend on tone mapping operations, especially for objects that have the luster changing over a large area with moderately high intensity. In addition, when referring to a real scene, the spatially varying tone compression, which reproduces the color and complex characteristics of metallic luster, was significantly preferable to the tone mappings by other approaches. Without a real scene, the preference was also strong for images produced by simply saturating pixel values at highlights.