Elliptic Linear Problem for the Calogero—Inozemtsev Model and Painlevé VI Equation

We introduce a 3N × 3N Lax pair with spectral parameter for the Calogero—Inozemtsev model. The case of one degree freedom appears to have 2 × 2 Lax representation. We derive it from the elliptic Gaudin model via some reduction procedure and prove algebraic integrability. This Lax pair provides an elliptic linear problem for the Painlevé VI equation in elliptic form.     

Singularities of noncompact charged objects

We formulate a model of noncompact spherical charged objects in the framework of noncommutative field theory. The Einstein-Maxwell field equations are solved with charged anisotropic fluid. We choose matter and charge densities as functions of two parameters instead of defining these quantities in terms of Gaussian distribution function. It is found that the corresponding densities and the Ricci scalar are singular at origin, whereas the metric is nonsingular, indicating a spacelike singularity. The numerical solution of the horizon equation implies that there are two or one or no horizon(s) depending on the mass. We also evaluate the Hawking temperature, and find that a black hole with two horizons is evaporated to an extremal black hole with one horizon.     

Singularities of regular black holes and the monodromy method for asymptotic quasinormal modes

We use the monodromy method to investigate the asymptotic quasinormal modes of regular black holes based on the explicit Stokes portraits. We find that, for regular black holes with spherical symmetry and a single shape function, the analytical forms of the asymptotic frequency spectrum are not universal and do not depend on the multipole number but on the presence of complex singularities and the trajectory of asymptotic solutions along the Stokes lines.     

A Model of Interacting Navier–Stokes Singularities

We introduce a model of interacting singularities of Navier–Stokes equations, named pinçons. They follow non-equilibrium dynamics, obtained by the condition that the velocity field around these singularities obeys locally Navier–Stokes equations. This model can be seen as a generalization of the vorton model of Novikov that was derived for the Euler equations. When immersed in a regular field, the pinçons are further transported and sheared by the regular field, while applying a stress onto the regular field that becomes dominant at a scale that is smaller than the Kolmogorov length. We apply this model to compute the motion of a pair of pinçons. A pinçon dipole is intrinsically repelling and the pinçons generically run away from each other in the early stage of their interaction. At a late time, the dissipation takes over, and the dipole dies over a viscous time scale. In the presence of a stochastic forcing, the dipole tends to orientate itself so that its components are perpendicular to their separation, and it can then follow during a transient time a near out-of-equilibrium state, with forcing balancing dissipation. In the general case where the pinçons have arbitrary intensity and orientation, we observe three generic dynamics in the early stage: one collapse with infinite dissipation, and two expansion modes, the dipolar anti-aligned runaway and an anisotropic aligned runaway. The collapse of a pair of pinçons follows several characteristics of the reconnection between two vortex rings, including the scaling of the distance between the two components, following Leray scaling tc−t.     

The Stability of Abstract Boundary Essential Singularities

The abstract boundary has, in recent years, proved a general and flexible way to define the singularities of space-time. In this approach an essential singularity is a non-regular boundary point of an embedding which is accessible by a chosen family of curves within finite parameter distance. Ashley and Scott proved the first theorem relating essential singularities in strongly causal space-times to causal geodesic incompleteness. Linking this with the work of Beem on the C ^r -stability of geodesic incompleteness allows proof of the stability of these singularities. Here I present this result stating the conditions under which essential singularities are C ¹-stable against perturbations of the metric.     

Knotted Topological Phase Singularities of Electromagnetic Field

In this paper, knotted objects （RS vortices） in the theory of topological phase singularity in electromagnetic field have been investigated in details. By using the Duan＇s topological current theory, we rewrite the topological current form of RS vortices and use this topological current we reveal that the Hopf invariant of RS vortices is just the sum of the linking and self-linking numbers of the knotted RS vortices. Furthermore, the conservation of the Hopf invariant in the splitting, the mergence and the intersection processes of knotted RS vortices is also discussed.     

A Note on the Integrability of Hamiltonian Systems

We consider a family of Hamiltonian systems

Knotted Topological Phase Singularities of Electromagnetic Field

In this paper, knotted objects (RS vortices) in the theory of topological phase singularity in electromagnetic field have been investigated in details. By using the Duan's topological current theory, we rewrite the topological current form of RS vortices and use this topological current we reveal that the Hopf invariant of RS vortices is just the sum of the linking and self-linking numbers of the knotted RS vortices. Furthermore, the conservation of the Hopf invariant in the splitting, the mergence and the intersection processes of knotted RS vortices is also discussed.     

Naked Singularities Formation in the Gravitational Collapse of Barotropic Spherical Fluids

The gravitational collapse of spherical, barotropic perfect fluids is analyzed here. For the first time, the final state of these systems is studied without resorting to simplifying assumptions - such as self-similarity - using a new approach based on non-linear o.d.e. techniques, and formation of naked singularities is shown to occur for solutions such that the mass function is analytic in a neighborhood of the spacetime singularity.     

Four-Vertex Theorems, Sturm Theory and Lagrangian Singularities

We prove that the vertices of a curve γ⊂R ⁿ are critical points of the radius of the osculating hypersphere. Using Sturm theory, we give a new proof of the (2k+2)-vertex theorem for convex curves in the Euclidean space R ^2k . We obtain a very practical formula to calculate the vertices of a curve in R ⁿ . We apply our formula and Sturm theory to calculate the number of vertices of the generalized ellipses in R ^2k . Moreover, we explain the relations between vertices of curves in Euclidean n-space, singularities of caustics and Sturm theory (for the fundamental systems of solutions of disconjugate homogeneous linear differential operators L:C ^∞(S ¹)→C ^∞(S ¹)).     

The Generation of Phase Singularities by the Use of an Offset Fresnel-Type Lens Antenna

In this paper a new, specially-configured Fresnel lens antenna is shown to efficiently convert a beam from a waveguide, located at the focus of the lens, into a beam with a phase singularity.     

Quantum Monodromy and Bohr–Sommerfeld Rules

This article is based on a talk given in Dijon for the 2000 summer school Topological and Geometrical Methods: Applications to Dynamical Systems. The standard definitions of the monodromy invariant for completely integrable classical systems are reviewed, and the link to the quantum monodromy observed in the joint spectrum of commuting operators is explained. The mathematical treatment relies on a modern and attractive version of the Bohr–Sommerfeld quantisation rules.     

Instantons in spherical model thermodynamics

The instanton thermodynamics of a spherical model analogous to the soliton thermodynamics of one-dimensional sine-Gordon and ⁴-models is constructed. Decomposition of the system phase volume integral into a sum of contributions corresponding to the thermal fluctuations above the basic and instanton vacua is obtained and all the components of this sum are found. It appears that fluctuations above instanton vacua are Gaussian at all temperature. It is shown that the phase transition temperature in the spherical model can be found from the Kosterlitz-Thouless criterion: in the high-temperature phase the instanton configurations become thermodynamically favorable. The obtained results are exact and are naturally formulated in terms of singularity theory.     

On the Structure of Singularities of Integrable Schrödinger Operators

We prove that the singularities of the potential of a (multidimensional) Schrödinger operator obtained from the standard Laplacian by a Darboux transformation are located on a union of hyperplanes.     

Structure of Malicious Singularities

In this paper, we investigate relativistic spacetimes, together with their singular boundaries (including the strongest singularities of the Big Bang type, called malicious singularities), as noncommutative spaces. Such a space is defined by a noncommutative algebra on the transformation groupoid = × G, where is the total space of the frame bundle over spacetime with its singular boundary, and G is its structural group. We show that there exists the bijective correspondence between unitary representations of the groupoid and the systems of imprimitivity of the group G. This allows us to apply the Mackey theorem to this case, and deduce from it some information concerning singular fibers of the groupoid . At regular points the group representation, which is a part of the corresponding system of imprimitivity, does not have discrete components, whereas at the malicious singularity such a group representation can be a single representation (in particular, an irreducible one) or a direct sum of such representations. A subgroup K G, from which—according to the Mackey theorem—the representation is induced to the whole of G, can be regarded as measuring the richness of the singularity structure. In this sense, the structure of malicious singularities is richer than those of milder ones.     

A type of multi-component integrable hierarchy

A new isospectral problem is established by constructing a simple interesting loop algebra. A commutation operation of the loop algebra is as straightforward as the loop algebra ?_1. It follows that a type of multi-component integrable hierarchy is obtained. This can be used as a general method.     

On Generating Discrete Integrable Systems via Lie Algebras and Commutator Equations

In the paper,we introduce the Lie algebras and the commutator equations to rewrite the Tu-d scheme for generating discrete integrable systems regularly.By the approach the various loop algebras of the Lie algebra A_1are defined so that the well-known Toda hierarchy and a novel discrete integrable system are obtained,respectively.A reduction of the later hierarchy is just right the famous Ablowitz-Ladik hierarchy.Finally,via two different enlarging Lie algebras of the Lie algebra A_1,we derive two resulting differential-difference integrable couplings of the Toda hierarchy,of course,they are all various discrete expanding integrable models of the Toda hierarchy.When the introduced spectral matrices are higher degrees,the way presented in the paper is more convenient to generate discrete integrable equations than the Tu-d scheme by using the software Maple.