非磁性纳米SiO_2颗粒在磁场流化床中的流态化

研究了非磁性纳米SiO2颗粒在添加磁性大颗粒磁场流化床中的流化性能。磁性大颗粒的添加量在20%～60%(wt)之间,磁感应强度的大小分别为0.0477、0.0596、0.0715 T。实验中通过测定床层膨胀曲线、床层压降曲线,详细地考察了磁性大颗粒的添加量、磁感应强度及气速的大小对纳米SiO2颗粒流化性能的影响。结果表明:把磁场能引入普通流化床中之后,加入的磁性粗颗粒能够有效地破碎纳米SiO2床层中的活塞、沟流和大聚团,降低最小流化速度,且在最小流化速度时无气泡,使床层膨胀比增加,提高床层的整体流化质量;在流化颗粒相中,磁场能的加入还可以保持床层的稳定性,维持流态化所需的气体体积。     

SnO2-TiO2复合颗粒的形态结构及其光催化活性

在气溶胶反应器中,利用TiCl4高温氧化反应制备超细TiO2,采用均匀沉淀法在TiO2表面沉积SnO2,制备SnO2-TiO2复合颗粒,应用TEM、EDS、XRD、BET比表面积测试等手段对粒子进行表征。以活性艳红X-3B溶液为处理对象,考察复合颗粒的光催化活性。结果表明SnO2-TiO2复合颗粒的光催化活性较纯气相合成超细TiO2有较大提高,SnO2最佳含量为15.3%,SnO2-TiO2复合颗粒光催化活性的提高归因于不同能级半导体之间光生载流子的输运和分离。     

磁性纳米氮化铝颗粒固定化β-葡萄糖苷酶的性质

以戊二醛为交联剂,研究了磁性纳米氮化铝颗粒固定化β-葡萄糖苷酶的条件及固定化酶的结构特征,并考察了固定化酶的某些酶学性质.结果表明,在4.5 ml磁性纳米氮化铝颗粒悬液(100 mg/ml)中加入0.5 ml戊二醛溶液(2%)超声波分散后,加入5 ml β-葡萄糖苷酶溶液(50 mg/ml),于20℃,pH 5.0和100 r/min条件下固载3.5 h,酶蛋白和酶活回收率分别为82.6%和78.4%.固定化β-葡萄糖苷酶的结构松散,不改变酶的结构特征.与游离酶相比,固定化酶对对硝基苯基-β-D-葡萄糖苷水解反应的最佳反应温度有所降低,最佳反应pH值有所升高,而米氏常数Km值有所增大,且具有良好的贮存稳定性和操作稳定性,表明磁性纳米氮化铝颗粒适合作为β-葡萄糖苷酶的固定化载体.     

没食子酸修饰Au@Ag纳米颗粒的制备和催化活性研究

采用没食子酸修饰Au@Ag纳米颗粒,并利用紫外可见光吸收光谱对不同条件(金/银摩尔比、保护剂用量、反应温度、反应时间)制备所得纳米颗粒进行表征,最佳工艺条件为:金/银摩尔比1∶5,加入0.06%的三聚磷酸钠作保护剂,反应温度控制在60℃,反应时间15分钟。透射电镜结果表明该产物为类球形,平均直径21.7nm,分散性好。实验表明Au@Ag纳米颗粒具有类过氧化物酶催化活性,对比单纯Au、Ag纳米颗粒,其催化活性更强,其催化效果在浓度为10mmol·L~(-1),过氧化氢浓度为0.5%,pH值约为9时最优。     

蜂窝状Ho改性Fe-Mn/TiO2催化剂的制备及其低温选择催化还原(SCR)脱硝性能

采用模压法制备了蜂窝状Ho改性的Fe-Mn/TiO₂催化剂,研究了结构助剂、黏合剂和造孔剂等对成型催化剂低温选择催化还原（SCR）脱硝性能的影响。优选出一套理想的成型参数：水粉质量比为40%且逐次分批加入;结构助剂玻璃纤维的用量为10%（质量分数）;黏合剂羧甲基纤维素的用量为5%（质量分数）;助挤剂甘油的添加量为10%（质量分数）且分批加入;造孔剂活性炭粉的用量为2%（质量分数）。该蜂窝状催化剂在120 ℃下脱硝率维持在90%以上,并且在SO₂体积分数低于0.02%时具有一定的抗硫抗水性。表征结果表明,成型后蜂窝状催化剂比表面积降低,颗粒分散程度明显减弱,并且表面酸量和表面Mn⁴⁺含量下降,对催化活性有一定的影响。     

蜂窝状Ho改性Fe-Mn/TiO_2催化剂的制备及其低温选择催化还原(SCR)脱硝性能

采用模压法制备了蜂窝状Ho改性的Fe-Mn/TiO_2催化剂,研究了结构助剂、黏合剂和造孔剂等对成型催化剂低温选择催化还原(SCR)脱硝性能的影响。优选出一套理想的成型参数:水粉质量比为40%且逐次分批加入;结构助剂玻璃纤维的用量为10%(质量分数);黏合剂羧甲基纤维素的用量为5%(质量分数);助挤剂甘油的添加量为10%(质量分数)且分批加入;造孔剂活性炭粉的用量为2%(质量分数)。该蜂窝状催化剂在120℃下脱硝率维持在90%以上,并且在SO_2体积分数低于0.02%时具有一定的抗硫抗水性。表征结果表明,成型后蜂窝状催化剂比表面积降低,颗粒分散程度明显减弱,并且表面酸量和表面Mn~(4+)含量下降,对催化活性有一定的影响。     

C302铜基甲醇合成催化剂颗粒设计I．颗粒结构对催化剂宏观活性的影响

以国产C30 2铜基甲醇合成催化剂原粉为母体 ,通过成型模具和成型条件的改变 ,制备了一系列具有不同形状、尺寸和孔结构的催化剂颗粒 ,用宏观活性测试和孔结构表征的方法 ,考察了颗粒结构对催化剂宏观活性的影响。结果表明 ,对于内扩散阻止作用比较明显的工业甲醇合成过程 ,适宜的颗粒结构设计对提高催化剂的利用率具有重要意义 ;当C30 2催化剂颗粒具有 5 5nm～ 7 5nm的平均孔半径、0 4 7左右的孔隙率时 ,其结构比较适宜 ,在此基础上 ,通过改进反应沉淀工艺、提高颗粒的比表面积 ,可以较大幅度的提高催化剂的宏观活性 ;对工业常用的圆柱状C30 2催化剂颗粒 (Φ 5× 5mm) ,采用约 4 0kN·cm- 2 的成型压片强度相对比较适宜。     

分子筛基NH3吸附材料的制备与性能研究

通过对分子筛原粉添加黏结剂,制备出了适宜作为吸附材料的成型分子筛颗粒.随后对成型分子筛颗粒进行活性组分的负载,并采用氮气吸附等温线对不同样品的比表面积和孔径分布进行了分析表征.通过考察样品对氨气的动态吸附能力,对活性组分的种类和含量进行筛选和优化,最终确定以质量分数为8%的H_2SO_4作为分子筛基氨气吸附材料的配比组成.通过与活性炭吸附材料的对比发现,在低湿度和高湿度2种条件下,分子筛基防护材料对NH3的防护性能均优于活性炭.     

咪唑类化合物-CuCl络合催化剂在甲醇氧化羰基化反应中的催化性能

研究了咪唑及其衍生物配合CuCl对甲醇液相氧化羰化合成碳酸二甲酯的催化性能。筛选出溶解性好、腐蚀性小且催化活性高的多功能助催剂。实验结果表明，反应体系中加入N-甲基咪唑后，CuCl可以完全溶解。当催化剂的浓度为0.2 mol/L, N-甲基咪唑与CuCl的量为4∶1，反应温度为120 ℃，反应压力为2.40 MPa，CO与O2的进气比2∶1，反应3 h的条件下甲醇的摩尔转化率为15.4%，选择性为98%以上。从腐蚀性试验结果看，50 ℃时，加入N-甲基咪唑化合物后，Q235钢在CuCl/CH3OH/H2O/CO/O2体系中的腐蚀速率为0.22mm/a，缓蚀效率为94.5%。动力学研究表明，反应近似为一级，加入N-甲基咪唑后，反应速率常数为0.15 min－1。     

超声提取-单颗粒电感耦合等离子质谱法测定牙膏中纳米银颗粒

建立了超声提取-单颗粒电感耦合等离子体质谱法(Single particle-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, SP-ICP-MS)同时测定牙膏中纳米银颗粒(AgNPs)的粒径分布、数量浓度和质量浓度的方法。以0.1%Tx-100超声提取牙膏中的AgNPs,在SP-ICP-MS模式下测定牙膏中AgNPs的粒径分布、数量浓度和质量浓度,考察了方法的最佳提取时间、准确性和检出限。实验结果表明:最佳提取时间为10 min,采用SP-ICP-MS法测定不同粒径的AgNPs标准品,测定结果与标准值一致;方法的粒径检出限、数量浓度检出限和质量浓度检出限分别为23 nm、3.9×10⁸ particles/kg和26 ng/kg;在牙膏样品的加标回收实验中,纳米颗粒回收率在86.6%～93.8%之间。本方法简单、快速,为牙膏中AgNPs的测定提供了准确的方法。     

Simultaneous determination of multiple constituents,serum composition,and tissue distribution of Qingshen granule using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry

Qingshen granule, composed of 14 herbal drugs, is primarily used as the assistant therapy for chronic kidney disease. Qingshen granule chemical composition was complex, but its chemical constituents and the pharmacodynamic material basis remain unreported. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry was applied to recognize the chemical constituents of Qingshen granule. The analysis was performed using the ACQUITY UHPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid as the mobile phase for gradient elution. The data were collected using heated electrospray ionization in positive and negative ion modes. This study successfully applied the UPHLC-quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry technique with the Compound Discoverer 3.3 platform to analyze Qingshen granule chemical composition. A total of 127 and 42 chemical components were identified in Qingshen granule in vitro and in vivo, respectively. In the tissue distribution of Qingshen granule, 9, 10, 11, 10, and 18 prototype components were detected in the heart, liver, spleen, lungs, and kidneys, respectively. Qingshen granule chemical constituents were characterized rapidly for the first time in this study, laying a foundation for further research on the substance basis and quality control of Qingshen granule in treating chronic kidney disease.     

贫血冲剂对脾虚模型小鼠全血微量元素变化探讨

对常用６１种中药作微量元素检测．发现补血滋肾类药铁含量丰富，而健脾益气类药铁和锌含量均高．制备脾虚模型小鼠以贫血冲剂喂养一周及二周，分别检测其全血中铁、锌、钙含量．发现喂养一周．脾虚组与对照组全血铁，锌．钙含员变化不大（Ｐ＞０．０５），而喂养二周，脾成组全血铁、锌、钙含量明显高于对照组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。     

Starch Granule Size and Morphology of Arabidopsis thaliana Starch-Related Mutants Analyzed during Diurnal Rhythm and Development

Transitory starch plays a central role in the life cycle of plants. Many aspects of this important metabolism remain unknown; however, starch granules provide insight into this persistent metabolic process. Therefore, monitoring alterations in starch granules with high temporal resolution provides one significant avenue to improve understanding. Here, a previously established method that combines LCSM and safranin-O staining for in vivo imaging of transitory starch granules in leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana was employed to demonstrate, for the first time, the alterations in starch granule size and morphology that occur both throughout the day and during leaf aging. Several starch-related mutants were included, which revealed differences among the generated granules. In ptst2 and sex1-8, the starch granules in old leaves were much larger than those in young leaves; however, the typical flattened discoid morphology was maintained. In ss4 and dpe2/phs1/ss4, the morphology of starch granules in young leaves was altered, with a more rounded shape observed. With leaf development, the starch granules became spherical exclusively in dpe2/phs1/ss4. Thus, the presented data provide new insights to contribute to the understanding of starch granule morphogenesis.     

高温下淀粉凝胶化颗粒的结构特征

凝胶化作用是淀粉改性过程中存在的一种现象。采用红外光谱和X-射线衍射方法探讨了淀粉凝胶化颗粒的结构和结晶变化过程。结果表明,在淀粉的高温成型过程中,凝胶化颗粒化学结构没有发生明显的变化,结晶状态则趋于完全无定型化。     

自动电位滴定法测定火试金合粒中银

建立了自动电位滴定法测定火试金合粒中银的分析方法。试金合粒采用硝酸溶解,以硫氰酸钾溶液滴定银量。选定了仪器的最优条件,考察了酸度、共存元素对测定的影响。方法相对标准偏差为0.53%~0.89%,测定结果与硫氰酸钾滴定法和减杂质法相一致。方法的准确度和精密度均能满足分析需要,具有较强的实用性。     

反相高效液相色谱法测定康肾颗粒中的葛根素

建立了反相高效液相色谱分离、质谱定性、紫外检测定量测定康肾颗粒中葛根素含量的方法。采用YMC-ODS色谱柱(4.6 mm i.d.×100 mm,10 μm),选用甲醇(含0.1%三氟醋酸)和水(含0.1%三氟醋酸)体系为流动相,非线性梯度洗脱分离,流速1.0 mL/min,检测波长250 nm;用基质辅助激光解吸离子化飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)分析鉴定对照品和样品的馏分,在确定目标峰后进行紫外检测定量测定。结果表明,葛根素在0.132 ~1.32 μg范围内其峰面积与进样量呈良好的线性关系（r=0.9997）,平均加标回收率高于103%,相对标准偏差低于2.0%(n=6)。应用该方法测定康肾颗粒中葛根素,其平均含量为3.09 mg/g。该方法简单、快速、重现性好。     

Chemical fingerprint of Ganmaoling granule by double‐wavelength ultra high performance liquid chromatography and ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

A method incorporating double‐wavelength ultra high performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry was developed for the investigation of the chemical fingerprint of Ganmaoling granule. The chromatographic separations were performed on an ACQUITY UPLC HSS C₁₈ column (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 μm) at 30°C using gradient elution with water/formic acid (1%) and acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.4 mL/min. A total of 11 chemical constituents of Ganmaoling granule were identified from their molecular weight, UV spectra, tandem mass spectrometry data, and retention behavior by comparing the results with those of the reference standards or literature. And 25 peaks were selected as the common peaks for fingerprint analysis to evaluate the similarities among 25 batches of Ganmaoling granule. The results of principal component analysis and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis showed that the important chemical markers that could distinguish the different batches were revealed as 4,5‐di‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5‐di‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid, and 4‐O‐caffeoylquinic acid. This is the first report of the ultra high performance liquid chromatography chemical fingerprint and component identification of Ganmaoling granule, which could lay a foundation for further studies of Ganmaoling granule.     

Application of DSC, IST, and FTIR study in the compatibility testing of nateglinide with different pharmaceutical excipients

Experiments were done to assess the compatibility of nateglinide (NTG) with selected excipients in the development of immediate release tablets of NTG by thermal and isothermal stress testing (IST) techniques. To evaluate the drug excipient compatibility, different techniques such as differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) study, infrared (IR) spectrophotometric study, and IST were adopted. The results of DSC study showed that magnesium stearate exhibited some interaction with NTG. However, the results of IR and IST studies showed that all the excipients used in the formula were compatible with NTG. The optimized formulation developed using the compatible excipients were found to be stable after 3 months of accelerated stability studies (40 ± 2 °C and 75 ± 5% RH). Overall, compatibility of excipients with NTG was successfully evaluated using the combination of thermal and IST methods and the formulations developed using the compatible excipients was found to be stable.     

Wetting Kinetics for a Single Detergent Granule

A technique for investigating the rate of wetting of a detergent granule has been developed. The evolution with respect to time of the meridional profile of the granule/water meniscus system is recorded using a high speed video camera. Glass spheres of different hydrophilicity were used to calibrate the system. A real detergent granule (LAS) was shown to give wetting behavior intermediate to those shown by the calibrants. In all cases the characteristic time for the wetting process was of the order 10 milliseconds. The protocol developed seems likely to be applicable to powder systems having medium particle size. It might thus be useful for the study of wetting rates in powdered food systems such as soup powders and building materials such as sand.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定3种中成药中的葛根素

 建立了测定小儿清感灵片、步长新脑心通胶囊和感冒清热颗粒 3种中成药中葛根素含量的反相高效液相色谱方法。采用APEXODS色谱柱 ,以醋酸铵缓冲液 (10 0mmol/L ,pH 5 0 ) 甲醇 (体积比为 75∶2 5 )的混合溶液为流动相 ,检测波长为 2 5 0nm ,流速为 0 8mL/min。葛根素在 2mg/L～ 2 0mg/L时其色谱峰面积与质量浓度的线性关系良好 (r =0 9999) ;上述 3种中成药中的葛根素含量分别为 3 48mg/g ,1 0 8mg/ g及 1 5 2mg/ g(蔗糖型 ) ;其加样回收率分别为 99 0 % ,93 4%和 97 5 %。该法简便、快速、专属性强 ,可以作为多种中药制剂中葛根素含量的测定方法。