水-丁醇两相介质合成SAPO-11和MgAPO-11分子筛

在水-丁醇两相介质中合成了SAPO-11和MgAPO-11分子筛.水-丁醇两相介质有利于在SAPO-11中引入更多的Si,从而产生较多的酸性位,以所得SAPO-11为载体的Pt催化剂在正十二烷临氢异构化反应中表现出较高的催化活性.相反,水-丁醇两相介质不利于Mg进入分子筛骨架,导致MgAPO-11上的酸性位减少,Pt/MgAPO-11催化剂的催化活性降低.     

Pt/SAPO-11催化剂载体的改性对正十四烷临氢转化性能的影响

以Pt/SAPO-11双功能催化剂为基础,对催化剂载体进行柠檬酸、炭黑改性,以正十四烷为模型化合物,通过催化剂表征和反应评价,探索了催化剂载体的改性对正十四烷临氢转化性能的影响。结果表明,异构化产物以单甲基异构物为主,改性没有改变催化剂的酸强度,但使得酸浓度有所下降。通过柠檬酸调变催化剂的酸性使得催化剂的低温催化活性显著提高,采用炭黑扩孔改性,有效改善了催化剂的传质性能,提高了催化剂的单甲基异构体选择性。柠檬酸和炭黑改性的催化剂裂化产物均以C6为主,改性并没有改变SAPO-11分子筛的孔道限制效应,裂化产物呈现一定的择型效应,裂化产物分布呈现出不对称分布的特点。     

不同聚合物分散剂对Pt/SAPO-11催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了经过不同聚合物分散剂处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、N₂吸附-脱附和N_H3程序升温脱附(TPD)等对催化剂的组织结构进行了表征。结果表明,分散剂不会破坏催化剂的结构,反而提高了其孔体积、孔径和比表面积,同时改变了沸石的酸强度和酸量,其中以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂孔体积、孔径和酸性分布最佳。在固定床反应器上对不同分散剂处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂催化性能进行评价,结果表明聚乙烯吡咯烷酮处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂也表现出最佳的催化性能,麻风树油的加氢脱氧率高达99.45%,生物航空煤油组分收率和异构烷烃组分(C₈~C₁₆)的选择性分别达到了44.67%和56.37%。     

不同聚合物分散剂对Pt/SAPO-11催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了经过不同聚合物分散剂处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、N₂吸附-脱附和NH₃程序升温脱附(TPD)等对催化剂的组织结构进行了表征。结果表明,分散剂不会破坏催化剂的结构,反而提高了其孔体积、孔径和比表面积,同时改变了沸石的酸强度和酸量,其中以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂孔体积、孔径和酸性分布最佳。在固定床反应器上对不同分散剂处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂催化性能进行评价,结果表明聚乙烯吡咯烷酮处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂也表现出最佳的催化性能,麻风树油的加氢脱氧率高达99.45%,生物航空煤油组分收率和异构烷烃组分(C₈~C₁₆)的选择性分别达到了44.67%和56.37%。     

不同聚合物分散剂对Pt/SAPO-11催化剂性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了经过不同聚合物分散剂处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂，并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、N₂吸附-脱附和NH₃程序升温脱附(TPD)等对催化剂的组织结构进行了表征。结果表明，分散剂不会破坏催化剂的结构，反而提高了其孔体积、孔径和比表面积，同时改变了沸石的酸强度和酸量，其中以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂孔体积、孔径和酸性分布最佳。在固定床反应器上对不同分散剂处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂催化性能进行评价，结果表明聚乙烯吡咯烷酮处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂也表现出最佳的催化性能，麻风树油的加氢脱氧率高达99.45%，生物航空煤油组分收率和异构烷烃组分(C₈~C₁₆)的选择性分别达到了44.67%和56.37%。     

酸、盐处理对Pt/SAPO-11物化及其催化性能的影响

采用不同酸和盐浸渍处理SAPO-11分子筛,然后负载Pt制成改性的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂,用XRF、XRD、N_2吸附-脱附、SEM、NH_3-TPD和Py-IR对催化剂进行表征,分析其物理化学性能。结果表明,酸和盐处理没有破坏SAPO-11的骨架结构,还提高了催化剂的孔容、孔径、比表面积等性质,催化剂的酸性、酸量也明显发生了改变。在固定床反应器中,评价了改性的Pt/SAPO-11催化小桐子油一步加氢制异构烷烃性能;结合催化剂表征数据表明,颗粒粒径、比表面积、孔径、酸性和酸量影响催化剂的活性及产物分布。对比发现,经0.5 mol/L柠檬酸处理的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂孔径大小、酸性、B酸和L酸量分布合适,因此,一步加氢催化处理小桐子油性能优异;其中,生物航油组分(C_(8-16))的收率为32.47%,异构烷烃(C8-16)选择性为53.13%。     

Comparison ofn-decane hydroconversion with Pt/SAPO-5 and Pt/SAPO-11 catalysts

The product distributions from bifunctional conversion ofn-decane over Pt/SAPO-5 and Pt/SAPO-11 catalysts are compared in detail. Selectivities in decane reaction vary largely with the catalyst employed: Pt/SAPO-11 produces high yields of feed isomers, whereas Pt/SAPO-5 gives high yields of cracked products and only under mild reaction conditions are isodecanes the main products obtained. These selectivities seem to be determined by the structure of the catalyst.     

Transformation ofn-hexane over microporous molecular sieves: Studies over MeAPO-11 and MeAPSO-11

CoAPO-11, MgAPO-11, ZnAPO-11, COAPSO-11, ZnAPSO-11 and MgAPSO-11 samples were synthesized by hydrothermal methods and characterized. The samples were loaded with 0.5 wt.% Pt and tested for their catalytic activities in the isomerization ofn-hexane. All the samples exhibited catalytic activities and selectivities for isomerization comparable to that of SAPO-11. The selectivities for the different monomethyl and dimethyl isomers are rationalized on the basis of shape selectivity and acidities of different samples.     

乙醇对Pt/SAPO-11和Pt/ZSM-22催化剂烷烃异构化性能的影响

选用SAPO-11、ZSM-22两种分子筛为载体,浸渍Pt制备了Pt/SAPO-11和Pt/ZSM-22催化剂,以正庚烷为模型化合物,考察乙醇对催化剂临氢异构化反应性能的影响。并通过BET、XRD、C₂H₅OH-TPD和C₂H₅OH-FTIR等表征手段对催化剂的物化性能以及吸附反应性能和不同活性酸性位点进行了研究考察。结果表明,乙醇在临氢异构转化过程优先生成H₂O,并以H₂O的形式影响催化剂的异构化性能,催化剂异构活性与选择性随乙醇含量的增加而降低。与Pt/ZSM-22催化剂相比,Pt/SAPO-11催化剂由于有P-OH基团,表现出一定的抗含氧化物乙醇的性能。     

金属助剂对Pt/SAPO-11催化剂物化及异构性能的影响

通过浸渍法制备了Pt/SAPO-11催化剂,分步浸渍法制备了LaPt/SAPO-11、CePt/SAPO-11和SnPt/SAPO-11双金属催化剂。通过X射线衍射、低温氮物理吸附、氨程序升温脱附、氢气化学吸附和吡啶吸附红外等手段对所得样品进行了表征。实验结果表明,助剂的引入导致了催化剂的比表面积和微孔孔容降低,B酸量减少而L酸量增加,总酸量有所下降,Pt组分的分散度提高。在360℃时,对正庚烷的临氢异构化反应中,Pt/SAPO-11催化剂的正庚烷转化率为65.14%,C7异构体收率为61.67%;当分别加入La和Ce,Pt/SAPO-11的正庚烷转化率提高至77.40%和78.12%,C7异构体收率分别提高至69.72%和68.48%;而加入Sn后,Pt/SAPO-11的正庚烷转化率和C7异构体收率分别降至63.22%和59.09%。     

SAPO-11/Beta复合分子筛的合成及其异构化性能研究

以Beta分子筛为硅源通过水热合成法合成了SAPO-11/Beta复合分子筛,采用X射线衍射、N2物理吸脱附、扫描电镜、透视电镜-能谱分析、固体核磁及吡啶红外等方法对单分子筛、复合分子筛和机械混合分子筛的物化性质进行了表征.以正十二烷为模型化合物,在固定床反应器上考察了铂负载型分子筛催化剂的异构化性能.结果表明,复合分子筛的物理化学性质明显不同于单分子筛和机械混合分子筛,其呈现核壳结构,SAPO-11和Beta间存在化学作用,使得复合分子筛具有适宜的B酸分布.在正十二烷异构化反应中,复合分子筛催化剂的异构化性能优于单分子筛催化剂和机械混合分子筛催化剂,多支链异构体收率高.     

以SBA-15为硅源合成多级孔SAPO-11分子筛及其在正十二烷临氢异构化中的应用

以脱除模板剂后的SBA-15为硅源和间接模板剂,在水热条件下制备多级孔SAPO-11分子筛,并通过XRD、SEM、红外光谱、氮气物理吸附-脱附等表征手段对样品的晶相、形貌、酸性和织构性质进行表征。结果表明,以焙烧后的SBA-15为硅源合成出纯相的SAPO-11分子筛,且SBA-15已完全转化。合成的SAPO-11样品呈空心的近方柱体形貌,由宽度为100 nm左右的细条聚集而成,晶粒粒径为1-3 μm。与白炭黑、硅溶胶合成的常规SAPO-11分子筛对比发现,添加SBA-15可在SAPO-11中引入介孔孔道,孔径为5-10 nm,且样品以中强度的Brønsted酸为主,弱Brønsted酸相对较少。以正十二烷为探针分子,考察Pt/SAPO-11催化剂的临氢异构化反应性能。结果表明,多级孔Pt/SAPO-11催化剂具有优良的异构化反应性能。催化剂的高活性和选择性与SAPO-11分子筛的酸性质和孔道结构密切相关,中强度的Brønsted酸量的增加有助于活性提高,同时介孔孔道有利于产物扩散,异构产物的选择性明显提高。     

In-situ Synthesis of Gallium-Containing SAPO-11 Molecular Sieves and Superior Catalytic Performance of Their NiWS Supported Catalysts for Hydroisomerization of n-Hexadecane

In order to prepare a high-performance SAPO-11 (silicoaluminophosphate-11) based non-noble metal supported catalyst for the hydroisomerization of long-chain n-alkanes, gallium-modified SAPO-11 molecular sieve was successfully synthesized by the in-situ synthesis method, and the NiWS supported catalyst was prepared for the hydroisomerization of n-hexadecane. The effects of Ga-modification on the physicochemical properties of SAPO-11 molecular sieve, the active phase properties, and the catalytic performance of the catalyst were studied. Through a series of physicochemical characterizations, it was found that the introduction of Ga increased the mesoporous volume of SAPO-11 molecular sieve, reduced their acid density and strength, but improved the amount of medium-strong Brønsted acid. The Ga-modification weakened the interaction between the active metals and the support, increased the sulfidation degree of active metals, and increased the stacking number and dispersion of active phase. The results of catalytic performance evaluation showed that the catalytic activity and isomerization selectivity of the Ga-modified SAPO-11 molecular sieve based catalysts were improved, and the yield of i-hexadecane of NiW/2Ga-SAPO-11 was the highest, which was 40.30 % higher than that of NiW/SAPO-11. By analyzing the distribution of isomeric products, it was found that the Ga-modified SAPO-11 molecular sieve was helpful in improving the hydroisomerization depth of n-hexadecane over the catalyst.     

正庚烷与正十四烷在Pt/SAPO-11催化剂上临氢异构化

采用连续流动固定床反应装置，研究了0.6%Pt/SAPO-11催化剂上正庚烷与正十四烷的临氢异构转化。实验结果表明，在反应温度200 ℃～420 ℃，压力0.5 MPa，质量空速2.0 h－1的反应条件下，两种原料在高转化时均可保持90%以上的异构化选择性。在转化率小于55%时，C7与C14临氢异构所遵循的反应规律是一致的，即异构化和裂解的相对反应速率相同。依据产物分布组成随转化率变化的规律，提出了烷烃在Pt/SAPO-11催化剂上加氢转化的反应网络。同时，实验结果支持烷烃异构化反应在分子筛孔道内进行的观点。     

Selective hydroisomerization of n-dodecane over platinum supported on zeolites

In this study, in order to develop catalysts for the selective isomerization of higher paraffin, the hydroisomerization reaction of n-dodecane was performed as a model reaction. Pt/ZSM-48, Pt/HZSM-5, Pt/HY, and Pt/SAPO-11 were examined for the selective hydroisomerization of n-dodecane. The catalysts were characterized via X-ray powder diffraction, N₂ adsorption, and the temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia. Among the catalysts studied, the Pt/HZSM-48 catalyst exhibited the best isomerization selectivity in the hydroisomerization reaction of n-dodecane, which is attributed to the moderate acid sites and medium-sized pores present in the HZSM-48. The highest iso-dodecane yield was obtained at a reaction temperature of 280 °C in the Pt/HZSM-48 catalyst. The optimal selectivity of the n-dodecane hydroisomerization over the Pt/SAPO-11 catalyst was obtained at approximately 300 °C, which was slightly higher than that of the Pt/HZSM-48 catalyst.     

Ni/SAPO-11催化剂上棕榈油加氢脱氧制异构烃燃料(英)

采用水热法合成了小粒径、具有介孔结构的SAPO-11分子筛.采用浸渍法制备了不同Ni负载量的Ni/SAPO-11催化剂.并采用X射线衍射,扫描电镜,N₂物理吸附-脱附,NH₃程序升温脱附,热重和H₂化学吸附技术对该类催化剂的物理化学性质进行了详细表征.结果表明,SAPO-11较大表面积和介孔结构可分散Ni,使得Ni粒子尺寸较小.在棕榈油加氢脱氧制备液体烃类燃料反应中,液体烷烃产物由相关脂肪酸中间产物的直接加氢脱氧和脱羰-加氢脱氧两种途径产生.Ni/SAPO-11催化剂的弱/中强酸性质及其匹配的金属-酸双功能可显著抑制积炭反应,提高催化剂的寿命,液体烷烃收率高达70%,异构烷烃选择性超过80%.     

NiW/SAPO-11催化剂制备方法对柴油异构降凝性能的影响

以SAPO-11分子筛作为酸性载体替代传统的ZSM-5分子筛,选用Ni/W双金属为活性组分制备异构降凝催化剂,采用XRD、BET、Py-IR等手段对催化剂进行表征。以长庆直馏柴油为原料,在10mL高压固定床微型反应装置上进行了评价,考察了不同的催化剂制备方法对催化剂性能的影响,优选出较好的制备工艺。实验结果表明,先通过混捏法引入Ni金属组分再通过浸渍法引入W金属组分,所制得的催化剂异构降凝性能较好。在反应温度340℃、反应压力4.0MPa、空速1.0h-1、氢油体积比500∶1的条件下,长庆直馏柴油的凝点由0℃降低至-28℃,产品中柴油收率达到96.0%。     

Effect of silicon precursor on silicon incorporation in SAPO-11 and their catalytic performance for hydroisomerization of n-octane on Pt-based catalysts

SAPO-11 molecular sieves were synthesized using silica sol, hydrophilic fumed silica, and tetraethyl orthosilicate(TEOS) as silicon precursors. Their physicochemical properties were characterized using XRD,SEM, nitrogen adsorption-desorption, Py-IR, NH_3-TPD, EDS, and ~(27)Al,~(31)P,~(29)Si MAS NMR techniques. The catalytic performance was assessed in the hydroisomerization of n-octane. The results showed that the silicon precursors influenced the physicochemical properties and catalytic performance of SAPO-11. SAPO-11 synthesized using hydrophilic fumed silica as silicon precursor showed higher silicon distribution and had more medium acid sites. SAPO-11 synthesized using TEOS as silicon precursor had more silicon content, but more silicon islands formed in its framework. The depolymerization of silicon precursors might affect the silicon content and distribution in SAPO-11. In the hydroisomerization of n-octane, the catalytic activity strongly depended on the number of medium acid sites instead of the number of total acid sites.SAPO-11 synthesized using hydrophilic fumed silica as silicon precursor exhibited higher catalytic activity than the other samples because it has more medium acid sites.     

Zn改性的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂及其提高二甲基烷烃选择性

随着环保法规的日益苛刻,世界各国对发动机燃料指标的要求也越来越严格,汽油组分中的烯烃含量逐渐被限制.作为提高汽油辛烷值的有效手段,正构烷烃的临氢异构化越来越引起人们的重视.烷烃碳数相同时,具有多支链的异构体往往具有更高的辛烷值.因此,在正构烷烃临氢异构化过程中,提高多支链异构体的选择性具有重要意义.Pt/SAPO-11作为双功能催化剂具有适宜的孔结构、温和的酸性和适度的加氢脱氢活性,在烷烃临氢异构化反应中表现出色,得到了广泛研究.已有文献报道中,通过添加第二金属改性可以调节双功能催化剂的物理化学性质,进而影响其催化活性和产物选择性.为了提高异构产物选择性,特别是多支链异构产物的选择性,本文研究了Zn改性的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂在正辛烷临氢异构化中的反应性能,与未改性的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂相比,Zn改性的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂表现出更高的二甲基烷烃选择性.通过动态合成方法合成SAPO-11分子筛,进而制备Zn改性的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂.XRD表征表明,Pt和Zn的引入基本没有引起SAPO-11特征峰改变,并且未发现Pt和Zn氧化物的特征峰,说明金属组分得到很好的分散.氮气吸附-脱附实验表明,随着Zn添加量的增加,载体的比表面积和孔体积略有减少.NH3-TPD和吡啶红外光谱用于表征Zn的加入对催化剂酸性的影响,结果表明,少量Zn的添加可以增加酸量,这是由于Zn的引入可以产生L酸性位;而随着Zn的增加,总酸量减少,这是由于过多的Zn覆盖了载体的酸性位.H2-TPR和H2-TPD表征发现,Zn的引入使得Pt在高温处的还原峰减小,说明Zn改变了Pt在载体上的位置,使其主要负载在分子筛外表面.由于Zn2+是阳离子并具有较小的离子半径,它可以作为竞争吸附剂,首先进入分子筛孔道从而抑制了Pt进入分子筛孔道.H2-TPD表明,Zn的引入使得H2的脱附温度逐渐降低,这与Zn增加了Pt的分散度有关;但是当Zn的添加量达到0.7%时,H2的脱附温度升高,同时溢流氢增加.以正辛烷为模型化合物,在固定床高压微型反应装置中对一系列催化剂进行了评价,考察了Zn改性的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂和未改性的Pt/SAPO-11催化剂的催化性能.与未改性催化剂相比,Zn改性的催化剂在相同转化率条件下,异辛烷的选择性基本相同,但是二甲基己烷的选择性明显提高.当Zn的添加量为0.5%时,二甲基己烷选择性达到最大值,继续提高Zn的添加量,其选择性下降.值得注意的是,在相同反应条件下,未改性的催化剂具有更高的正辛烷转化率.我们分析认为,由于Zn的添加促进了二甲基己烷的产生,而其具有较大的分子尺寸,在反应中存在扩散问题,影响了改性催化剂的异构化活性.本文工作表明,适宜的Zn添加量有利于提高二甲基烷烃的选择性,对于提高汽油辛烷值具有重要意义.     

不同链长正构烷烃在Pt/SAPO-11催化剂上的临氢转化规律研究

采用SAPO-11分子筛制备的双功能催化剂,以碳链长度为10-14的正构烷烃为模型化合物,探索了不同碳数的长链正构烷烃临氢转化反应规律。结果表明,低温下不同碳数的正构烃都表现出较高的异构化选择性,改变反应温度使反应转化率控制在85%以下时,正构烷烃的异构化选择性可以达到90%左右;随着碳数和温度升高,正构烷烃由于发生明显的裂化反应导致转化率提高和异构化选择性降低。采用SAPO-11分子筛催化材料的双功能催化剂具有明显的产物择形异构效应,异构化产物以甲基位于端位和碳链中心的单侧链异构体为主,双(多)支链产物较少。长链正构烷烃在Pt/SAPO-11催化剂上的裂化反应在低转化率以加氢裂化为主,裂化产物的碳数呈均匀分布;在高转化率下以酸催化裂化为主,裂化产物的碳数分布呈现明显的不对称分布特征。