Determination of the Micellar Properties of Triton X-100 by Voltammetry Method

ABSTRACT

The diffusion coefficient of the micelle, the first CMC and the second CMC of Triton X-100 are determined by cyclic voltammetry without any probe. The first CMC and the second CMC of Triton X-100 are 3.1x lO^?1 and 1.3× 10^?1 respectively. The viscosity of the micelle solution, the micellar aggregation number and the micellar size increase but the diffusion coefficient decreases with Triton X-100 concentration increasing. The mechanism of the electrochemical reaction of Triton X-100 at platinum electrode is deduced by measurements of conductivity, pH and cyclic voltammetry.     

Features of Methyl Linoleate Oxidation in Triton X-100 Micellar Buffer Solutions

Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry - The kinetics of oxygen absorption during the oxidation of methyl linoleate in Triton X-100 micelles has been studied. The order of the reaction with respect...     

Self-Assembled Supramolecular Micellar Structures Based on Non-ionic Surfactants and Cyclodextrins

The complexation between non-ionic polyethylene oxide (PEO)-based surfactants (Triton X-45, Triton X-100, polyethylene glycol-1000-monostearate, and Brij 35) and cyclodextrins is studied. It is shown that the addition of surfactant solutions to the aqueous solution of alpha, beta-, and gamma-cyclodextrins affords poorly soluble crystalline precipitates. Parameters of crystalline structure and the composition of complexes are analogues to those obtained on the basis of polyethylene oxide. Using a method of surface tension it is shown that cyclodextrins favor the increase of the value of critical micelle concentration (CMC) of surfactants. The dependence of CMC from the molar ratio cyclodextrin/surfactant permits us to determine the composition of inclusion complexes in solution. For Triton X-100 and polyethylene glycol-1000-monostearate values of stoichiometric composition of complexes in solution and in condensed phase agree well. It is shown that in the presence of beta-cyclodextrin the destruction of micelles based on Triton X-100 occurs. UV-spectroscopy is used for the investigation of the microenvironment of a phenyl group in inclusion complexes based on alpha- and beta-cyclodextrins. The interaction of gamma-cyclodextrin with PEO surfactants results in the formation of novel double-tailed surfactants. The values of CMC registered in solutions of these complexes is lower than the corresponding value of Triton X-100 and polyethylene glycol-1000-monostearate. The stoichiometric composition of complexes in solution is established from the dependence of CMC versus the gamma-cyclodextrin/surfactant ratio. The composition of the complexes in solution and condensed phase agree well. The interaction of alpha- and gamma-cyclodextrins with Brij 35 results in the formation of nonstoichiometric complexes. The investigation of the dependences of CMC of modified surfactants from temperature shows that these supramolecular structures exist at high temperatures. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.     

基于聚环氧乙烷链和亚苯基的刚棒-线团分子自组装

含有亲水性聚环氧乙烷(PEO)链和多个亚苯基作为刚棒的刚棒-线团(rod-coil)分子,由于具有很强的π-π堆积作用和微相分离作用,可以在本体和溶液中产生有序排列形成各种组装体。材料的性能主要依靠分子聚集体来体现,因此研究分子聚集体的性质和用途成为当前超分子领域研究的重要内容。刚棒嵌段的形状影响着分子排列的方式、自组织性能和微结构,本文总结了Y型、T 型、O型、 K型、n型、螺旋桨型和哑铃型等不同形状分子的自组装行为,并展望了此类刚棒-线团分子未来研究的方向。     

Branched Crystalline Patterns Formed Around Poly(ethylene oxide) Dots in Humidity

Branched patterns reminiscent of diffusion‐limited aggregation form around poly(ethylene oxide) dots on Au surfaces in humidity by crystallization of polymer chains in water‐assisted diffusion, involving fractal‐like structure and dense branching‐like morphology (DBM). Higher humidity leads to a slower growth of crystal lamellae. Crystal growth promotes outward diffusion. Fractal‐like lamellae are viewed flat‐on. Due to the reduction of chain availability in the diffusion field, the fractal‐like structure turns into DBM.     

Thermo-Responsive Hydrogels Based on Branched Poly(L-lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol) Copolymers

Summary: Branched poly(L -lactide)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLLA-PEG) block copolymers were synthesized from trifunctional PLLA and amine functionalized methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)s. The copolymers in water formed hydrogels that showed thermo-responsive behavior. The hydrogels underwent a gel to sol transition with increasing temperature as determined with the vial tilting method and oscillatory rheology. For all copolymers, the transition temperature increased with increasing copolymer concentration. The transition temperature of corresponding branched copolymers also increased with increasing PEG molecular weight, and surprisingly decreased with increasing molecular weight of the PLLA branches. In general, the gel-sol transition is explained by disruption of micellar or aggregate interactions because of partial dehydration and shrinkage of the PEG chains. An increase in the molecular weight of the PLLA branches led to the formation of micelles and aggregates as observed with DLS at low concentrations. It is speculated that the non-uniform size distribution and possible crystallization of longer PLLA blocks may have a negative effect on the formation of micellar packing upon gelation, allowing the disruption of micellar or aggregate interactions to occur at lower temperatures. The transition temperature of the gels could be tuned closely to body temperature by varying the concentration of the solution or the molecular weight of the PEG block and the PLLA blocks, which implies that these polymers may be used as injectable systems for in-situ gel formation.     

A Photochemical Study of Uranyl Ion Interaction with the Triton X-100 Micellar System

This is a report on the spectroscopic characteristics of UO²⁺₂in the excited state in Triton X-100 micellar medium. It also indicates some important results of viscosity and surface tension measurements of the system which have direct relevance to the spectroscopic investigation in the excited state. The quenching of the UO²⁺₂fluorescence due to Triton X-100, upon micellization in the aqueous medium, reveals two kinds of microenvironments of the fluorophore from the Stern–Volmer plot. This has been verified by flash photolytic measurements. A blue shift of the quenched emission spectrum is ascribed to the collisional encounter of UO²⁺₂with the head groups of Triton X-100.     

The effect of poly(ethylene oxide) on the characteristics of Triton X-100/1-butanol/ n-octane/water reverse micelles

 Nonionic poly(oxyethylene) surfactant with about ten ethylene oxide units and 1-butanol have been studied in reverse micelles with one nonpolar solvent(n-octane) at different water contents in the presence and in the absence of poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) using two absorption probes, methyl orange and methyl blue MB and one spin probe, 5-doxylstearic acid. The study has focused attention on the effect of the addition of PEO on the phase behavior of the system, the state of water in the reverse micelles, and the locus of PEO solubilized in reverse micelles. In the presence of PEO, some PEO segments may penetrate into the interface close to the palisade layer of the reverse micelles and then replace some water molecules, which results in a less close arrangement between the chains of surfactants as well as between alcohol molecules. Received: 13 April 1999/Accepted in revised form: 5 November 1999     

The Micellization and Clouding Phenomena of a Nonionic Surfactant,Poly(ethylene glycol) t-octylphenyl ether (Triton X-100): Effect of (Chloride Salt) Electrolytes

Herein, we report the micellization and the clouding of a nonionic surfactant, poly(ethylene glycol) t-octylphenyl ether (Triton X-100), in aqueous solutions in the absence and presence of (chloride salt) electrolytes. In the absence and presence of electrolytes, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of Triton X-100 was measured by surface tension measurements. Upon increasing the temperature as well as the concentration of electrolytes, the CMCs decreased. The surface properties and the thermodynamic parameters of the micellar systems were evaluated. From these evaluated thermodynamic parameters, it was found that in the presence of an electrolyte, the stability of the micellar system is high. The cloud points (CPs) of Triton X-100 were also measured in the absence and presence of metallic ions of electrolytes. Upon the addition of metallic ions of chloride salts (electrolytes), the decrease in CP values was observed and the order was found to be: K⁺ > Na⁺ > Li⁺ > NH⁺₄.     

Anomalous behavior of poly(ethylene glycol)p-tert-octylphenyl ether (Triton X-100) in the water-cyclohexane system

The distribution of Triton X-100 nonionic surfactant in the water-cyclohexane system was investigated by the scintillating phase method. It was shown that an increase in the distribution coefficient as the volume ratio between the aqueous and organic phases grew was explained by the presence in Triton X-100 of homologues with different numbers of ethoxyethyl groups and with the distribution coefficients between the phases different by many times. For the real composition of Triton X-100, distribution coefficients of components of the surfactant were estimated, and the behavior of the surfactant in the system under consideration was simulated; the results were in close agreement with the experimental data. Original Russian Text ? M.G. Chernysheva, Z.A. Tyasto, G.A. Badun, 2009, published in Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 2009, Vol. 83, No. 2, pp. 356–360.     

Macromolecular Architecture Based on Anionically Prepared Poly(ethylene oxide) Macromonomers

Synthesis of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) macromonomers carrying a methacyloyl group in one end, and N, N-dimethyl amino, thiophene, styryl and vinyl ether functional groups in the other end was desribed. The general synthetic strategy is based on the living anionic polymerization of ethylene oxide initiated with functional potassium alcoholates, followed by reaction with methacyloyl chloride. These macromonomers were further utilized in various macromolecular architectures through via concurrent or selective thermal free radical, oxidative and photoinitiated free radical and cationic polymerization methods. The use of this synthetic route to prepare graft copolymers possessing completly and perfectly alternating PEO side chains using charge-transfer-complex polymerization was also demonstrated.     

Synthesis and Self-Assembly of New Poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(ester-sulfide) Dendrimers

The design and synthesis of novel copolymers which consist of a linear methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) block and a dendrimeric poly(ester-sulfide) block with potential applications in drug delivery are described. The copolymers bear hydroxyl or alkene functional groups and were prepared via a divergent approach using readily available methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) (mPEG), 4-pentenoyl chloride and 3-mercapto-1,2-propanediol as building blocks. One copolymer (G3.5) with alkene chain ends was functionalized with N-acetyl-L-cysteine. The compounds prepared in this work were characterized by NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF. In the preparation of these dendrimers no repetitive protection-deprotection cycles were necessary, and the purification steps consisted of only washing the reaction mixture with aqueous solutions and precipitation of the product in diethyl ether, allowing easy access to these polymers. Micelle formation for polymers of generations 3.0 and 3.5 was investigated by encapsulation of the fluorescent probe pyrene. Micelle size for the above generations was determined by dynamic light scattering.     

丁二酸二异辛酯磺酸钠(AOT)/Triton X-100混合反胶束体系中纤维素酶降解纤维素的研究

对于底物不溶于水的纤维素降解反应而言,为了增强纤维素酶的活性,在丁二酸二异辛酯磺酸钠(AOT)/异辛烷反胶束体系中加入非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100进行纤维素降解实验.结果表明,在AOT中加入非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100可以使纤维素酶的活性提高,非离子表面活性剂TritonX-100与AOT的最佳物质的量之比是0.20.考察了水与表面活性剂的物质的量之比(Wo)、不同酸度(pH)和不同温度(T)等其他反应条件对纤维素降解反应的影响.研究结果表明,反应的最佳条件是:Wo为3.3,T为315.11K,pH为5.10.     

AOT/Triton X-100混合反胶束体系中假丝酵母脂肪酶催化蓖麻油水解的活性

研究了二(2-乙基己基)琥珀酸磺酸钠(AOT)/Triton X-100混合反胶束体系中假丝酵母脂肪酶(candida rugosa lipase)催化蓖麻油水解的反应. 考察了Triton X-100占总表面活性剂的摩尔分数(x(Triton X-100))、水与总体表面活性剂的摩尔比(ω0)、pH值、反应温度以及底物蓖麻油的浓度等因素对酶活性的影响. 研究结果表明, 加入非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100可以使假丝酵母脂肪酶的活性得到显著提高, 但是当底物蓖麻油的浓度大于0.24 mol·L-1时, 会对假丝酵母脂肪酶产生抑制作用.     

Influences of Triton X-100 on Hemoglobin Behaviors in Hemoglobin/Acyclovir/Triton X-100/H2O System

The influences of Triton X-100 on hemoglobin （Hb） behaviors were studied by the methods of UV-Vis spectrum, fluorescence spectrum, HPLC, conductivity, zeta potential and negative-staining transmission electron microscope in Hb/acyclovir/Triton X-100/H2O system. With the increase of Triton X-100 concentration in the system, the percentage of the free acyclovir increased from 58%--63% to 90%--94%. The static quenching constant and the association number of acyclovir to Hb decreased. The fluorescence spectrum, conductivity, zeta potential, fluorescence polarization and negative-staining morphology of Hb tended to recover to those of the original state of Hb in the same concentration of Hb. The interaction between Triton X-100 and Hb is stronger than that between acyclovir and Hb. Most Triton-X-100 was associated with Hb at low Triton X-100 concentration. But the interaction of Triton X-100 with Hb was apparently dominant in high Triton X-100 concentration. The Hb structure was unfolded and finally denatured.     

Peculiarities of Formation of Intermolecular Polycomplexes Based on Polyacrylamide,Poly(vinyl alcohol) and Poly(ethylene oxide)

The phenomenon of self-assembly of aggregates formed by relatively short chains of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) on the long macromolecules of polyacrylamide (PAA) in aqueous medium are discussed. PVA and PAA form intermolecular polycomplexes (InterPC) of a constant composition independently on a ratio of polymer components. The complex formation between high-molecular-weight PAA and relatively low-molecular-weight poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) are considered also. PEO with M ⩽ 4·10⁴ g.mol⁻¹ weakly interacts with PAA. The polymer-polymer interaction can be intensified when the part of amide groups (∼20 mol %) on PAA chain to transform into the carboxylic groups. InterPCs formed by PEO and initial or modified PAA have associative structure with friable packing of the polymer segments. They are stabilized by the hydrogen bond system.     

基于环糊精包结络合作用的大分子自组装

本文综述了基于环糊精包结络合作用的大分子自组装的研究进展,包括：（1) 线型、梳型、多臂星型或超支化聚合物与环糊精或其二聚体自组装形成多聚轮烷（分子项链）、多聚准轮烷、双多聚（准）轮烷、分子管、双分子管、超分子凝胶及其应用;（2）桥联环糊精与桥联客体分子自组装制备线型或超支化超分子聚合物;（3）温度、pH值、光及客体分子刺激响应智能体系; （4) 通过亲水性的环糊精线型均聚物与含金刚烷的疏水性聚合物之间的包结络合作用来制备高分子胶束及其空心球等。