Preparation of186Re labeled immunoglobulins: Direct and indirect methods

Kits were developed for labeling sulphur microcolloids with^99mTc. The microcolloids were prepared to get the desired particle size. The stannous chloride was treated with sulphide ions released from thioacetamide in the presence of carboxymethyl cellulose and the pH of the reaction was adjusted to 3.0. The contents of single reaction vial were reacted with^99mTc, the radiochemical yield was higher than 95%. Sulphur-microcolloid kits were stable and the stability was followed for 6 hours. The freeze-dried kits were followed more than three months after production and were found stable. Bone marrow uptake in rabbits was determined to be about 36%. The preparation of^99mTc-sulphur microcolloid is performed in single step process and axellent node scintigraphy was obtained using experimental animal.     

反相非水乳液法制备聚酰亚胺微球

在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)/Pluronic-F127、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)/液体石蜡(LP)反相非水乳液体系中,以均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)和4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(ODA)为单体合成聚酰胺酸(PAA),采用吡啶/乙酸酐脱水剂,对PAA化学酰亚胺化,并进一步热酰亚胺化,制得PI耐热微球.产物通过红外、热重、扫描电镜表征.结果表明,较高的固含量和良好的乳液分散性有利于PI微球的形成;反相非水乳液体系稳定的配比条件是,VDMF∶VLP为1∶4,MF127∶MSDBS为3:2,乳化剂用量为9 wt%;在此配比条件下,当固含量为20%,热酰亚胺化温度不高于330℃时,可制得分散良好、球形规整、高热稳定性的PI微球,其粒径约为10μm.     

沉淀剂用量对反萃取产物结构、形貌及热分析结果的影响

研究了相同浓度不同用量的沉淀剂草酸从负载铈的有机相中反萃取沉淀。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外分析(FTIR)及热重-差热分析仪(TG-DSC)等手段,对反萃所得铈沉淀产物的物相、形貌、红外谱图和热失重等进行了分析。结果表明:随着沉淀剂草酸用量从90%增大到150%,萃取产物的晶型逐渐完整,但只有草酸用量为130%时,沉淀产物呈现为典型的水合草酸铈,其他沉淀剂用量经验证均未得到确定的化合物;草酸用量从90%增大到150%时产物的形貌从不规则的块状逐渐变为较为均匀的片状,且草酸用量越大,片状产物的尺度越大;热重分析表明萃合物的失重率较大,考虑是萃合物中含有大量的有机物所致。     

Determination of Na(2)O from sodium aluminate NaAlO(2)

The aim of the work was to find a suitable method and conditions for determining Na(2)O wt.% from NaAlO(2). Problems were encountered while titrating NaAlO(2) with hydrochloric acid. The problematic area was the pH range 4-10 where aluminum precipitates as hydroxides. The different species of the aluminate solution were determined using potentiometric and complexometric titrations. The equivalent point of the potentiometric titration was detected using Gran's plotting method. Precipitation of aluminum hydroxides did not interfere with titrations, because in potentiometric titrations the pH value was over 10 and in complexometric titrations the pH was 4. The results were accurate and determinations were easy to carry out. Sodium was also determined by DCP-AES.     

Study on the Formation Mechanism of Oxygen-containing Groups on the Surfaces of Hypercrosslinked Polystyrenes

Davankov and Tsyurupa described a new series of hypercrosslinked polymeric networks in 19691. Owing to their high internal surface area, unique porosity, and excellent swelling feature, hypercrosslinked polymers have exhibited a good adsorption affinity t…     

银离子固相萃取-程序升温大体积进样-气相色谱法定量分析市售巧克力中的饱和烷烃矿物油

建立了银渍硅胶固相萃取柱离线(Ag-SPE)净化,程序升温进样-气相色谱-氢火焰离子化检测器(PTV-GC-FID)定量分析巧克力中饱和烷烃矿物油(MOSH)的方法.以正己烷浸泡提取巧克力中的MOSH,离心后取1 mL上清液,过0.3％ Ag渍硅胶SPE柱净化,氮吹浓缩,定容至0.2 mL,注入GC分析; GC的进样口程序升温过程:初始温度45℃,保持1 min(分流比200∶1),以250℃/min升温至360℃(分流阀关闭2 min),并保持27 min(分流比100∶1); 进样量40 μL; 柱温箱升温程序为:35℃保持3 min,以25℃/min升温至350℃,以5℃/min升温至370℃,保持10 min,载气为高纯氮气,流速1.3 mL/min(压力60 kPa); FID温度为380℃.结果表明,本方法的MOSH定量限为0.5 mg/kg,加标回收率为84.9％～108.6％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.2％～1.5％.运用本方法对25个市售巧克力样品中的MOSH含量进行了测定,3个样品未检出,其余22个样品中MOSH含量为1.09～8.15 mg/kg(其中C16～C35 的含量为0.56～4.43 mg/kg),有3个样品含量高于5.00 mg/kg,为严重污染样品.本方法操作简便,检出限低,适用于巧克力中MOSH的定量测定.     

Properties of Star-Branched Polymer Chains Near a Surface

We considered two model systems of star-branched polymers near an impenetrable surface. The model chains were constructed on a simple cubic lattice. Each star polymer consisted of f = 3 arms of equal length and the total number of segments was up to 799. The excluded volume effect was included into these models only and therefore the system was studied at good solvent conditions. In the first model system polymer chain was terminally attached with one arm to the surface. The grafted arm could slide along the surface. In the second system the star-branched chain was adsorbed on the surface and the strength of adsorption was were varied. The simulations were performed using the dynamic Monte Carlo method with local changes of chain conformations. The internal and local structures of a polymer layer were determined. The lateral diffusion and internal mobility of star-branched chains were studied as a function of strength of adsorption and the chain length. The lateral diffusion and internal mobility of star-branched chains were studied as a function of strength of adsorption and the chain length. It was shown that the behavior of grafted and weakly adsorbed chains was similar to that of a free three-dimensional polymer, while the strongly adsorbed chains behave as a two-dimensional system.     

ICP-AES法测定矿石中的BeO

报道了采用ICP－AES法测定矿石中的BeO。对试样的溶解进行了选择；考察了其体和无机酸对测定的影响。采用基体匹配法进行测定。在优化条件下，对三个试样进行测定，其相对标准偏差（n=9）为0.28%；回收率为97％－103％。     

碘酸钾滴定法测定分银渣中的锡含量

采用碘酸钾滴定法测定分银渣中的锡含量。试样用过氧化钠熔融,水浸酸化,加铁粉过滤除杂质;加铝片还原,待反应平静后加热煮沸至冒大泡,冷却至室温;以淀粉为指示剂,碘酸钾滴定至淡蓝色为终点。对试样进行11次平行测定,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于1.2%,加标回收率在99%~101%。方法流程短,除杂质效果好,结果准确。     

ICP-AES法测定稀土磁性材料中微量铬、镍和钛

研究了采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)测定稀土磁性材料中微量铬、镍和钛的分析方法。确定了样品的溶解方法和待测元素的分析线,对基体元素和共存元素的干扰影响进行了考察,采用基体匹配法克服了基体效应。该方法测定结果与火焰原子吸收光谱法测定结果相一致。铬、镍、钛的检出限分别为0.001 4、0.002 8、0.000 5μg/mL,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于7.0%(n=8),方法的加标回收率为97.0%~104.7%。     

动态超声辅助萃取与HPLC联用测定淫羊藿中黄酮类化合物

建立了动态超声辅助萃取与高效液相色谱在线联用系统,用于测量淫羊藿中黄酮类化合物。萃取过程在一个循环体系中完成,萃取完成后,通过采样环采集20μL萃取液,萃取液被流动相载入色谱系统进行分离检测。4种黄酮类化合物用HPLC–MS区分,通过比较色谱峰面积选择优化萃取条件。选择50℃的水浴温度,50%的乙醇作为萃取剂,萃取剂流速为1.5 mL/min,萃取时间为8 min,样品量为15 mg。用该法测量淫羊藿样品中4种黄酮类化合物,日内、日间精密度分别为1.05%～2.05%,0.30%～3.63%(n=6)。淫羊藿中的主要化合物淫羊藿苷的加标回收率为95.2%。该方法可用于测量淫羊藿中的黄酮类化合物。     

Mechanism of oxidative reaction in the post crosslinking of hypercrosslinked polymers

The post crosslinking reaction parameters were systematically studied for the investigation on formation mechanism of oxygen containing groups on the surface of hypercrosslinked polymers. The FT-IR spectra and the Boehm titration were employed to characterize the surface chemistry of the synthesized polymers. The GC-MS was used to analyze the nitrobenzene that was the solvent in the reaction. The functionalities for example carbonyls were formed through the oxidation of chloromethyl groups by nitrobenzene and the carboxylic groups were formed through further oxidation by oxygen during the synthesis process. Meanwhile the nitrobenzene was deoxidized to aniline.     

17种酞酸酯类环境激素GC-EI-MS分析方法的建立

以17种酞酸酯类(Phthalic Acid Esters,PAEs)环境激素为目标物,选择苯甲酸苄基酯为内标物,优化了气相色谱的升温程序和质谱的离子化方式等分析条件,初步解析了PAEs和内标物的电子轰击离子源-质谱谱图,并确定了选择离子检测方式的特征碎片离子,建立了同时分析17种PAEs环境激素的GC-EI-MS SIM分析方法,并应用于水生植物海白菜样品的分析。     

水相中酵母细胞催化4-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯不对称还原反应

 利用活性酵母细胞催化4-氯乙酰乙酸乙酯(COBE)的不对称还原可以直接合成具有光学活性的4-氯-3-羟基丁酸乙酯(CHBE). 实验发现,在水相体系中主要生成D-(S)-型产物,COBE的转化率及CHBE的收率和光学选择性都比较高. 考察了底物和产物的浓度、辅助底物的种类和浓度、体系的pH和温度以及菌体培养条件等因素对反应的影响. 结果表明,在较低COBE浓度下R型产物占优,在高浓度下主要是S型产物; 较高的反应温度有利于S型产物的生成,pH≈8.0时可获得较高的S型产物选择性; 产物CHBE对COBE的还原反应具有一定的抑制作用. 在酵母催化COBE还原的同时需要一定的辅助底物来再生辅酶NAD(P)H,利用乙醇、异丙醇和仲丁醇作辅助底物可获得较高的立体选择性. 对数生长期和厌氧条件培养的细胞对生成S型产物较有利.     

基于氧化石墨烯气凝胶固相萃取柱检测有机磷农药北大核心CSCD

以氧化石墨烯气凝胶三维纳米材料作为固相萃取的吸附剂,结合高效液相色谱,对食品中的有机磷农药(辛硫磷、双硫磷、倍硫磷、杀螟硫磷)进行检测分析。首先,利用冷冻干燥的方式制备得到氧化石墨烯气凝胶,通过扫描电镜、红外光谱、比表面积吸附等一系列的实验手段对其形貌及物理特性进行了表征,证明其成功合成。从扫描电镜中可见石墨烯的层状褶皱结构,其表面积为740.51 m^(2)/g。然后,将氧化石墨烯气凝胶直接填充于固相萃取柱中,在未借助任何硅胶等基体的条件下进行萃取研究;通过单因素实验,系统研究了萃取和洗脱条件对有机磷农药萃取回收率的影响。结果显示,在上样体积15 mL、样品溶液pH值4、上样速率1.0 mL/min、洗脱剂1.0 mL乙腈的条件下萃取回收率最高。与商用的萃取材料进行比较,包括碳十八硅胶柱(C18)、阴离子交换柱(SAX)、氨基柱(-NH_(2))和硅酸镁柱(Florisil),氧化石墨烯气凝胶填充的固相萃取柱的萃取回收率有明显提高。实验考察了氧化石墨烯气凝胶直接填充的萃取柱的寿命,结果显示该萃取柱可以重复使用15次,可见解决了分散无基体支撑的石墨烯纳米片容易破碎、堵塞筛板的问题。与液相色谱联用建立分析方法,4种有机磷农药的线性范围较宽,辛硫磷、双硫磷和倍硫磷的线性范围为1~200μg/L,杀螟硫磷的线性范围为2~200μg/L,线性拟合良好(线性相关系数r^(2)≥0.9949),检出限为0.2~0.5μg/L,满足于我国和其他国家限定标准的检测。将该方法应用于实际样品,在苹果皮中未检测到有机磷农药,对其进行加标,回收率为70.5%~93.6%,相对标准偏差≤10.4%。     

Optimisation of the chlorthalidone chiral separation by capillary electrochromatography using an achiral stationary phase and cyclodextrin in the mobile phase

The separation of chlorthalidone enantiomers in capillary electrochromatography on an achiral stationary phase when adding a chiral selector, hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin, to the mobile phase, was optimised. The goal was to investigate the feasibility of modelling retention times and resolution when during the optimisation procedure regular replacement of columns is required due to their fragility. Therefore, it is essential that the packing procedure delivers reproducible columns. The optimisation of an existing chlorthalidone separation was chosen as case study. The influence of two factors, chiral selector concentration and organic modifier content, on the responses was modelled. The experiments performed prior to modelling were defined by a central composite design. Results on different columns, obtained under identical experimental conditions, were found comparable and thus modelling was possible in situations where several columns were required to complete a design. A second-order polynomial model was built for both responses. Optimal separations were also predicted using Derringer’s desirability functions. The optimum was found at 33 mM cyclodextrin and 16% (v/v) acetonitrile on two types of columns (with different packing times) leading to a strong reduction in analysis time for an equally good separation compared to the initial conditions. Measured and predicted responses were found comparable, indicating that acceptable models were obtained.     

固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用测定环境水中噻唑硫磷农药残留

建立了对环境水中噻唑硫磷农药残留进行检测的离线固相萃取-气相色谱/质谱联用(SPE-GC/MS)的方法。固相萃取采用C18柱,用甲醇洗脱;GC/MS采用选择离子监测模式。该方法具有较高的灵敏度和选择性,对环境水中噻唑硫磷的最低检测质量浓度为56.4 ng/L(S/N=3);在0.282~141 μg/L时,响应值与样品浓度呈良好的线性关系;加样回收率大于85.5%,相对标准偏差（RSD）小于4.42%。方法操作简便、快速,可用于施用噻唑硫磷后环境水中痕量农药的监测。     

Electrochemical studies and differential pulse polarographic analysis of lansoprazole in pharmaceuticals

The electrochemical reduction of lansoprazole was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and direct current and differential pulse polarography. The reduction potential was -1.32 V vs. Ag/AgCl with a dropping mercury electrode in a supporting electrolyte consisting of phosphate buffer (pH 9.0)-tetramethylammonium iodide (4 + 1). The reversibility of the electrode reaction and the type of limiting current were studied. The temperature coefficient and the diffusion constant were determined. A mechanism for the electrode reaction was proposed. A new simple and sensitive differential pulse polarographic method was also developed for the quantification of lansoprazole. A linear calibration graph was obtained in the range 0.04-11.35 micrograms ml-1. The limit of detection was 0.03 microgram ml-1 and the intra- and inter-day precisions were 0.84-2.32 and 0.72-3.09%, respectively. The developed method was applied to six different commercial pharmaceutical capsule preparations containing enteric-coated granules. The relative standard deviations ranged from 1.36 to 2.85%. Recovery studies for the accuracy of the method were performed by adding a synthetic mixture to known amounts of lansoprazole and the mean recovery was 100.45%. The data obtained from commercial preparations were compared with those from a published spectrophotometric method. No difference was found statistically.     

Dynamics of grafted star-branched polymers. A Monte Carlo study

Monte Carlo simulations of simple models of star-branched polymers were carried out. The model chains were confined to simple cubic lattice and consisted of f = 3 branches of equal length and the total number of polymer segments as well as the density of grafted chains on the surface were varied. The chains have had one arm end attached to an impenetrable plate. The simulations were performed by employing the set of local micromodifications of the chain conformations. The model chains were athermal, i.e. good solvent conditions were modeled, the excluded volume effect was present at the model. The density of grafted chains on the surface was varied from a single chain up to 0.3. The static and dynamic properties of the system were studied. The influence of polymer concentration as well as the polymer length on static and dynamic properties of the system studied was shown. The relation between the structure and short-time dynamics (relaxation times) was discussed.     

TiO2/膨润土光催化降解有机污染物

用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列TiO2/膨润土光催化剂(不同负载量和不同焙烧温度), 以罗丹明B(RhB)为模型化合物, 通过测定染料吸光度和体系化学需氧量(COD)变化, 来研究它们在紫外光照射下降解有机污染物的性能. 评价结果表明, 负载量为50%和焙烧温度为400 ℃的催化剂Ti400样品降解RhB活性较好, 虽然其矿化活性略小于P25(光照4 h P25的COD变化为99.7%, 400 ℃焙烧的TiO2/膨润土催化剂Ti400的COD变化为97.0%), 但是TiO2/膨润土催化剂更易于回收再利用. 用Ti400做催化剂降解RhB, 连续循环使用7次, 其催化活性基本不变. 用XRD、BET和紫外可见漫反射(UV-Vis DRS)等方法对这些催化剂进行了表征. 表征结果表明催化剂比表面积大有利于催化活性的提高.