Laser-induced damage studies in GaAs

Laser-induced damage studies have been carried out on monocrystal GaAs at 1.06 μm wavelength as a function of pulse repetition rate in the nanosecond regime. The single shot observed laser damage threshold is 0.9 J/cm². It has been found that the damage threshold decreases when the sample is irradiated with large number of pulses. However, the above effect is observed only when the repetition rate is higher than 1 Hz. Various laser damage mechanism theories have been discussed to explain the results.     

Laser-induced Raman scattering in calcium titanate

The Raman spectrum of polycrystalline calcium titanate prepared by a liquid mix technique and heated to 800°C has been recorded at room temperature using an argon-ion laser as exciter. The observed spectrum was interpreted on the basis of factor-group C_2V. Not all of the Raman active modes predicted by factor group analysis were observed and this could be due to: over-lapping of bands, or very low polarizabilities of some of the modes or masking of the weak bands by intense bands. The band at 639 cm^?1 is tentatively assigned to the TiO symmetric stretching vibration (γ₁) and the bands at 495 and 471 cm^?1 to torsional modes. The bands in the region 180–340 cm^?1 are assigned to the OTiO bending modes and the 155 cm^?1 band to the Ca(TiO₃) lattice mode. The observed Raman bands are compared with the available infrared absorption data and, as expected, some coincidences in frequencies are seen for this compound with a noncentrosymmetric structure.     

Laser-induced ionization and intrinsic breakdown of wide band-gap solids

A simple scaling of bulk laser-induced breakdown threshold for wide band-gap solids is derived on the basis of a recent modification of the Keldysh photo-ionization model [43, 46]. Contrary to most traditional models, the modification is based on rigorous energy dependence of reduced effective electron–hole mass. The dependence leads to a specific ionization regime with an extremely high ionization rate resulting in intensive generation of conduction-band electrons. The regime is characterized by a well-determined threshold intensity that is proposed to be associated with the threshold of bulk intrinsic laser-induced breakdown (LIB) by visible and near-infra-red laser radiation. That allows deriving dependence of LIB threshold on laser and material parameters. The presented model provides explanation for the experimental results on LIB thresholds that have not received theoretical interpretation. In particular, it reproduces empirical dependence of breakdown threshold on the average inter-atomic spacing derived from the experimental data. The LIB threshold evaluated from the presented model is very close to experimental data on bulk LIB by tightly focused beams in wide band-gap solids. PACS 78.47.+p; 42.50.Hz; 42.50.Ct     

He-Ne散射光检测光学薄膜激光损伤阈值

准确测定光学薄膜的激光损伤阈值可以衡量光学薄膜的抗激光损伤能力,测定损伤阈值的关键是准确地判定损伤的发生与否。建立了He-Ne散射光检测光学薄膜激光损伤阈值系统。通过测量同一样品点的He-Ne散射光能量变化来判断薄膜表面发生的损伤,并对制备的类金刚石薄膜与HfO₂/SiO₂反射膜进行了阈值测试。与等离子体闪光法的阈值测试结果进行比较,具有较好的一致性。分析表明：He-Ne散射光测试系统能有效地判断出激光诱导损伤,易于实现在线检测。     

准分子激光全固态脉冲电源设计与实验研究

针对脉冲能量5~8 mJ的ArF准分子激光器,设计了基于可控硅开关结合三级磁脉冲压缩开关的全固态脉冲电源,采用国产可控硅和磁开关材料,获得了上升时间约150 ns,电压10~14 kV,传递能量0.35~0.68 J的激励脉冲,并实现了对准分子激光器快放电激励。三级磁开关总效率35%,分析表明磁开关损耗较大主要原因为电容能量转移不充分、导线铜损及磁芯材料铁损较大,并提出了相应改进办法。     

Investigation of laser-induced depth damage and scattering of light in crystals and glasses

Laser-induced depth damage to sapphire crystals and to various glasses is investigated. The influence of self-focusing on the laser damage process is studied. The conditions under which self-focusing influences the damage are clarified. The influence of various impurities on the optical endurance of ruby laser crystals is determined. The damage mechanism is initiated by various types of absorbing inclusions and defects; a correlation is found between the light scattering and the damage threshold. A new criterion based on light scattering is introduced for the purity of transparent dielectrics.Translated from Trudy Ordena Lenina Fizicheskogo Instituta im. P. N. Lebedeva, Vol. 101, pp. 31–74, 1978.     

Neutron scattering in impure anharmonic solids

The Debye-Waller factor and the coherent inelastic differential scattering cross section for the one- and two-phonon band modes have been investigated for an anharmonic crystal containing randomly distributed substitutional impurities of low concentration. The method adopted in the evaluation is that of double time temperature dependent Green's functions. The quantities thus evaluated have been separated into diagonal and nondiagonal terms. The diagonal terms are further separated in three contributions, namely the contributions from defects, anharmonicity, and simultaneous involvement of impurity and anharmonicity. A new mode, the impurity-anharmonicity interference mode, is the salient featue of the theory, and arises due to the interaction between local and anharmonic fields.     

真空环境下光学薄膜的激光损伤

利用1-on-1损伤测试方法,比较研究了电子束沉积制备的几种薄膜在真空、大气环境下的损伤特性,并对真空环境与大气环境损伤的差异进行了分析。研究结果显示:真空环境下的损伤阈值明显低于大气环境下的损伤阈值,真空环境下的破斑形貌也与大气环境下的破斑形貌有显著差异。气体热传导差异不是真空环境与空气环境下损伤差异的原因。由水的解吸而引起膜层在真空环境中张应力的增大及真空环境中激光辐照过程中产生的非化学计量比缺陷是导致电子束沉积的薄膜真空与大气环境中损伤差异的原因。     

Inelastic scattering of slow electrons in solids

A theory of the inelastic scattering of slow electrons in solids due to excitation of interband transitions is developed. It is shown that both nondirect and direct transitions occur which can be described by a generalization of the formalism used in solid state optics. Experiments with 30–200 eV electrons scattered from Si (111) surfaces with well defined surface structures as determined by low energy electron diffraction confirm the theoretical predictions. They indicate that the inelastic scattering of slow electrons can be understood in terms of the three-dimensional band structure of solids and suggest the use of inelastic low energy electron scattering as a tool for band structure analysis.     

Laser-induced damage on large-aperture fused silica gratings

Two sets of laser-damage experiments on large-aperture fused silica optics have been carried out in a high-power laser facility. Severe damage has been found on the grating which presented dense craters on the front surface. This phenomenon is quite different from other fused silica optics, which are damaged on the rear surface. The damage possibility due to the redeposition layer was ruled out by acid-etching the grating’s front surface. The remarkable stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) effect was observed in grating and the reason for the front surface damage is thought to be the backward SBS.     

Quantum light storage in rare-earth-ion-doped solids

The reversible transfer of unknown quantum states between light and matter is essential for constructing large-scale quantum networks. Over the last decade, various physical systems have been proposed to realize such quantum memory for light. The solid-state quantum memory based on rare-earth-ion-doped solids has the advantages of a reduced setup complexity and high robustness for scalable application. We describe the methods used to spectrally prepare the quantum memory and release the photonic excitation on-demand. We will review the state of the art experiments and discuss the perspective applications of this particular system in both quantum information science and fundamental tests of quantum physics.     

Polarization and exchange in electron scattering by atoms in solids

Two corrections are employed to the theoretical calculations of the cross-sections of elastic scattering of electrons by atoms in solids. The corrections are due to target polarization and electron exchange, of which the exchange is found to be more significant in the range of incident energies 100 to 1000 eV. Both the corrections are introduced through model potentials, for Li atoms as well as Al atoms in the solid state.     

Laser-induced nonthermal mechanical stresses and optical damage in a transparent dielectric

Optical damage of pure transparent dielectrics in laser fields is considered. An elasticity theory problem concerning mechanical stresses that appear in the crystal lattice subjected to arbitrary spherically symmetric forces with a specified density is stated. A mathematically rigorous general solution to this problem is found, and arising boundary conditions are studied. A model of volume forces due to the action of hot nonequilibrium electrons on the lattice is described. In general, the early approximate results [1] are confirmed. The mechanism behind radiation-induced mechanical fracture of dielectrics proposed in this work is found to be adequate. Ways for the further study of this nonthermal inertia-free mechanism of optical damage, which has a purely mechanical nature, are discussed.     

高散射媒质中的光程可分割动态光散射研究

为研究散射光强度随光子在散射媒质中散射光程的变化,基于单散射理论与扩散波光谱理论,采用了低相干动态光散射装置对不同粒径大小的聚苯乙烯悬浮液进行研究。将测量得到的背散射光光场强度谱的线宽与相应的理论计算结果相比较发现,在短光程区域,考虑容器壁附近拖曳效应的影响后,对于不同粒径的颗粒,光程为约5倍粒子平均自由程的区域可看成为单散射区域;对于光程大于225 m的区域可看成为扩散光波区域。实验结果表明低相干动态光散射法可实现高散射媒质从单散射区域到低次散射再到扩散区域的全光程的可分割的光场强度谱测量。     

Multiple Rayleigh-Gans-Debye scattering in colloidal systems-dynamic light scattering

Equations for (depolarized) intensity auto-correlation functions including second order scattering contributions are derived. The equations obtained are quite similar to those for static light scattering¹). The geometry of the scattering system plays an important role here.An iterative procedure to correct correlation functions for double scattering is presented.Experiments on colloidal solutions containing latex and silica particles are performed, testing the theory and the iterative correction procedure for double scattering. We use cylindrical cuvettes with cylindrical incident and detected beams of radiation. The agreement between experiment and theory is found to be quite good, yielding a routine correction procedure for double scattering.     

Light scattering near phase transition points in solids

The present state of theoretical and experimental investigations of the light scattering near phase transition points in solids is reviewed. It is emphasized that the results available here may be understood on the ground of a simple but rather general phenomenological or semiphenomenological theory. From this point of view the anomaly of the total (integrated) light scattering intensity is considered with account taken of a coupling of the order parameter to other quantities including elastic strains and long-range electric fields. The temperature dependence of the scattered light spectral distribution is discussed in detail, the main attention being given to the so-called central peak problem. The influence of defects both on the total intensity and on the spectral distribution of the scattered light is also examined.