共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 12 毫秒
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G. Beuermann 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1971,247(1):25-31
Ammonia, NH3 or ND3, is vaporized upon a cold substrate (20–100 K) and irradiated with electrons of energies from 0.2 to 6 keV. The different EPR spectra show hyperfinestructure and may be ascribed to centers of the type H 2 ? , D 2 ? , (NH 2 ? )?, (ND 2 ? )?. With respect to electrostatic charge a chemical decomposition of ammonia must be assumed. No electronic centers are found, which could be compared with the solvated electrons known in liquid metal-ammonia-solutions or quenched solid metal-ammonia-layers. 相似文献
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A method is described which allows to prepare transverse sections of thin films by means of an ion etching technique so that transmission electron micrographs of the film structure can be carried out. A section through a 6-layered optical film with a total thickness of 0.62 μm is shown as an example. 相似文献
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Ein bedeutendes Problem bei der Herstellung hochreinen Gadoliniums ist die Entfernung von Europium-Spuren. Die Kombination von elektrochemischer Reduktion zu Eu2+ und dessen Adsorption an einem frisch hergestellten SrSO4- Niederschlag erweist sich als hochwirksame Methode. Im Labormaβstab konnten Verunreinigungen von 20—100 ppm Europium aus Gadoliniummengen zwischen 8 und 30 g bis auf einen Endwert von < 1 ppm nach Elektrolyse an einer Hg-Elektrode bei < ?460 mV in Gegenwart von 500–1200 mg SrSO4 nach 25 Stunden Behandlungszeit reduziert werden. Alle anderen Verunreinigungen, einschlieβlich Sr2+, wurden in einem zweiten Schritt mittels Ionenaustausch-chromatographie entfernt. Der Abreicherungseffekt wurde unter Verwendung der Isotope Eu-152/Eu-154 kontrolliert. An important problem in the preparation of crystal-grade gadolinium consists in the removal of trace amounts of europium. A combination of electroreduction to Eu2+ with the adsorption on fresh-precipitated SrSO4 has been proved to be a highly efficient method. In laboratory scale experiments Eu impurities in the range of 20–100 ppm could be seperated from 8–30 g amounts of Gd to a final content of less than 1 ppm by electrolysis on a Hg-pole at < ?460 mV/SOE in the presence of about 500–1200 mg SrSO4 in a 25 hours treatment. All other impurities including some remaining Sr2+ have been removed in a second step by ion-exchange chromatography. The purification effect was checked by using the radioactive indicators Eu-152/Eu-154. 相似文献
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H. Weicksel 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1967,205(3):291-302
An attempt to describe particles by hermitian operators obeying commutator relations leads to a ring of sixteen elements to be represented by matrices of infinite rank. Equations of motion containing elements of the ring are shown to be invariant under charge-conjugation, time-reversal and inhomogeneous Lorentz transformations. Analogs to Pauli- and Gürsey-transformations can also be defined and may be used to introduce isospin and helicity. 相似文献
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Klaus Schwidtal 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1962,169(4):564-575
Foils of lanthanum were found to be converted entirely to the h. c. p. modification by the rolling process. This made it possible to obtain the superconducting transition temperatures for both the h. c. p. and f. c. c. modifications of lanthanum from measurements of the electrical resistivity. Lanthanum foils in the h. c. p. form exhibited a superconducting transition at 4.9° K while foils in the f. c. c. form became superconducting at 6.0° K. Cold working lowered the transition temperature of the h. c. p. modification. — Quenching condensation provided films of the h. c. p. modification, their transition temperature being depressed by the quenching condensation. — Small additions of gadolinium lowered the transition temperatures as well of the quenchingly condensed as of the annealed films at the same rate of 4.5° K per at % Gd. From the accordance of these rates it is concluded that the lowering of the transition temperature by paramagnetic impurities is not affected by quenching condensation. The results of the measurements on La-Gd films are also in accord with those ofMatthias et al. obtained on bulk specimens. 相似文献
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J. Vřešťál 《Czechoslovak Journal of Physics》1963,13(4):286-295
Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit sind die Ergebnisse der Messungen der thermodynamischen Funktionen der Legierungen von Kadmium mit Wismut und von Thallium mit Wismut und mit Antimon nach dem Potentiometerverfahren im Temperaturbereich von 400 bis 500°C zusammengefaßt. Es wurde eine Apparatur zusammengestellt, welche die Messungen mit flüssigen Legierungen bis zu einer Temperatur von 550°C unter Anwendung einer inerten Atmosphäre oder von Vakuum ermöglicht. Aus den gemessenen Werten der elektromotorischen Kraft der entsprechenden Elemente wurden bei den Legierungen Cd-Bi die Koeffizienten der Aktivität beider Bestandteile und die molekulare Zusatzentropie ermittelt. In den Legierungen Tl-Bi und Tl-Sb wurde der Koeffizient der Aktivität des Thalliums festgestellt. Bei den Thalliumlegierungen ergaben sich Schwierigkeiten mit der Ausscheidung des oxydierenden Mediums.Ich danke dem korrespondierenden Mitglied der Tschechosl. A.d.W., Prof. Dr. A. Oká und dem prom. Chemiker J. Velíek für die wertvollen Ratschläge und ihr Interesse an meiner Arbeit. Ferner danke ich den Mitarbeitern des Laboratoriums f.d. Studium der Metalleigenschaften der Tschechosl. A.d.W. und der Glaswerkstätten der Militärakademie A. Zápotocký für ihre Hilfe bei der Zusammenstellung der Apparatur. 相似文献
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Materialtransportuntersuchungen sind wichtige Hilfsmittel bei der Optimierung der Fahrweise von Aggregaten und Anlagen in der Produktion. Die radioaktive Markierung ermöglicht in vielen Fāllen die Aufnahme von Verweilzeitverteilungen durch die Wand der Anlagen hindurch und gestattet somit – im Gegensatz zu den herkömmlichen Verfahren – Aussagen über die Geschwindigkeitsverteilung und über die axiale Durchmischung des Materials in verschiedenen Teilabschnitten der Anlage ohne Entnahme und Analyse von Proben. Durch Markierung mit 110La wurde der Feststofftransport in Heiβlösern und in Trommeltrocknern der Kaliindustrie untersucht. 相似文献
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Günter Baur Nikolaus Riehl Peter Thoma 《Zeitschrift für Physik A Hadrons and Nuclei》1967,206(3):229-246
Stimulation experiments with ZnS phosphors, using IR wavelengths from 2 to 15μ, were performed at the temperature of liquid helium. For this purpose a cryostat was constructed which allowed to keep the samples and the screening device at the temperature of liquid helium. Moreover glow curves after different decay times at 6 °K were taken. After excitation of ZnS phosphors a strong release of carriers from relatively deep traps is taking place although the phosphor is kept at the temperature of liquid helium. This emptying of traps is accompanied by a luminous recombination of the released electrons with the activator levels producing an intense afterglow which can be observed over a long time. This phenomenon cannot be explained by thermal release of trapped electrons into the conduction band, followed by recombination with the activator levels because of the depth of the emptied traps. The rate of thermal carrier release was calculated to be about 10?29 sec?1 for 0,05 eV deep traps, but the observed rate was of the order of 10?4 sec?1. An emptying of traps by IR-stimulation can be excluded because the phosphor was surrounded by a concentric screening device kept at 4.2 °K. The effect can be explained by luminous tunneling of trapped electrons to the activator levels. An estimate of the tunneling rate gives a value agreeing with the experimental results. If such a “tunnel afterglow” does exist a spectral shift to longer wavelengths compared to the usual fluorescence and phosphorescence is to be expected. This could be actually observed. Additional experiments included IR-stimulated emission after various decay times, glow curves taken after such stimulation, and studies of the influence of temperature. The results rule out the possibility that the carriers were released from the traps by IR light. Apparently, IR radiation affects the potential barrier between the traps and the activators so that the rate of recombination by tunneling increases. 相似文献
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The paper reports on the results of210Pb measurement in sediment cores from the Baltic Sea. The models used for the interpretation are derived and discussed. In general, the sedimentation parameters calculated with different models are consistent. However, parameters of cores independently taken on same stations partly show clearly differing values. The reasons of this observation has to be analysed by further studies. An essential problem considered in this paper is the dating of disturbed sediments. The use of such cores for the reconstruction of the input history of chemical indicators requires a deconvolution of data. The response function necessary for this procedure can be derived from 210Pb measurements. The results of such a reconstruction considerably differ from those obtained by conventional dating models. The analysis of the measuring uncertainty of the indicator (e.g. lead) in the deconvolution procedure unveals the limits of the method and prevents it from overinterpretation. 相似文献